UNIVERSIDAD DE STA.

ISABEL PILI CAMPUS

San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

MODULE 1
Sets: An Introduction
OVERVIEW…
The Foundation of Mathematics starts with the basic understanding of the ideas of the sets which
introduced by George Cantor (1845-1918). Concept of sets and set operations enable manipulation of
complicated mathematical concepts. In 1939, Nicolas Bourbaki expanded this when he said “Nowadays it is
known to be possible, logically speaking, to derive practically the whole known mathematics from a single
source, the Theory of Sets.”
The development of set theory in the second half of the 19 th century has been one of the most
important developments in the history of mathematics.

Learning Standards and Outcome

 Content Standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of the sets and the real number
system.
 Performance Standards: The learner is able to formulate challenging situations involving sets
and real numbers and solve these in a variety of strategies.
 Learning Targets: After accomplishing all the learning activities in the module, I can;
1. Illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, cardinality sets, union and
intersection of sets and the different of two sets.
 Value Standards: The Set of my Life, different set that gives them a meaningful life.
 Evidence of Learning: Drills, Summative Quiz

Link Start
Direction: The table below are composed of different numbers. Determine whether the number is
whole number or not and write your answer on a space provided.

4
5 -10 0.2 123
9
6
0 59.0 1 -0.7
3
1 9
30 2 12 22.3
3 9

WHOLE NUMBERS

NOT WHOLE NUMBERS

4 3 5 1 2
FRACTION , , ,2 ,
5 5 6 3 9
1.5 , 0.2,0.5 ,0.33 ,
DECIMAL 1.222222 ,22.3
50 % , 220 % ,
PERCENT 59 % , 100 %

Game On
1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 1
 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

Definition Set is a well-defined collection of things or objects.

 The set of counting numbers from 1-20.
 The set of first ten letters in the English Alphabet.
 The set of prime numbers
Example  The set of Festivals in Camarines Sur.
 The set of students enrolled in USI Pili Campus.
 The set of protective equipment for COVID-19

Illustration

SETS AND ITS ELEMENTS

The objects that belong to a set are called elements. The notations
ϵ
(is an element of) and (is
not an element of) are used to denote set membership and non-membership, respectively.
Let A be the set of counting numbers from 1 to 20.
 Then 9 ϵ A (9 is an element of A or set A)
12 ϵ A
19 ϵ A
But 21 ϵ A (21 is not an element of A or set A)
0 ϵA
-3 ϵ A
If it is possible to list down all the members or elements in a given set, then the set is said to be finite.
Otherwise, the set is said to be infinite.
 The set of counting numbers from 1to 20 and the set of ten last letters in the English
Alphabet are both Finite sets
 The set of even numbers is an example of Infinite set.

How
1. The set of integers and the set of fractions? Infinite Set
about…
2. The set of all even numbers from 1-1,000,000? Finite Set

Methods in Describing Sets

1. Roster or Listing Method 2. Rule or Defining Property Method

-describing a set by enclosing within -describing a set by enclosing within the

braces the list of all elements of the set. braces a description of the elements of the
set.

3. Set-Builder Notation
-is a shorthand used to write sets, often sets with an
infinite number of elements. The symbol “|” is read as
“such that”.
Let M be the set of all counting numbers less than 10.
 Roster or Listing Method
M= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 Rule or Defining Property Method
M= {counting numbers less than 10}
 Set-Builder Notation
M= { x | x is counting numbers less than 1 0 }
We read this as: “the set of all x ' s such that x is counting numbers less than 10

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 2

 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

SUBSET
S B
If every member of set A is also member of set B, then A is said to be a
subset of B, written as A B (also pronounced as A is contained in B). A
Otherwise, it is not a subset ().
Equivalently, we can write B A, read as B is superset of A, B includes A
or B contains A.
A is a subset of B
The relationships between set established by is called as inclusion or
containment.
Let Y be the set of positive even numbers less than 15.
Y= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
And let X= {4, 10, 14} R= {2, 5, 10} Z= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
X Y R Y Z Y

CARDINALITY SETS
 The number of distinct elements in the set.
 |S| denotes the Cardinality of S.

Set Cardinality
A= { 5 } A= { 5 } |A|=1
B= { 3, 7} B= { 3, 7} |B|=2
K= {9, 5, 7, 9 , 3} K= {9, 5, 7, 3} |K|=4
E= { 1, 4, 3, 1, 8, 3} E= { 1, 4, 3, 8} |E|=4
G= { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4} G= { 4 } |G|=1

NULL OR EMPTY SETS

 A set with no element.
 Denoted by this symbol ∅ or { }.

 The set of counting numbers between 4 and 5 is an empty set.

 The set of whole numbers less than 0 is an empty set.
 The set of living dinosaurs this 20th century is also a null set.

U B
UNIVERSAL SETS
Z
 A set that contains all objects or elements of A
other sets, including its own elements.
 Denoted by the symbol “U”

 Suppose set A is consisting of all even numbers such that A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10 …} and set
B consist of all odd numbers such that B= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9 …}. The universal set U consist
of all natural numbers, such that, U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 …}.
 L= {r, o, a, d}, U= {s, t} and P= {b, l, u, e}. The universal set will be U= {b, l, u, e, r, o,
a, d, s, t}

Two sets A and B are said to be Equality of sets if they have precisely the same elements. Example:
A= {1, 2, 3} and B= {2, 1, 3}, therefore A=B.

UNION SETS B A

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 3

 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021
 The union of two sets is a set containing all elements that are in A or B (possibly
both).
 Denoted by the symbol∪.

 {1, 2} ∪ {2, 3} = {1, 2, 3}

 {1, 2} ∪ { red, white} = {1, 2, red, white}
 {1, 2} ∪ {1, 2} = {1, 2}

INTERSECTION SETS A B
 The intersection contains the elements that the two sets have in common.
 Denoted by the symbol ∩.

 {1, 2} ∩{ red, white} = ∅

 {a, 3, c, 2} ∩ {2, 4, a, c} = {2, a, c}
 {1, 2} ∩ {1, 2} = {1, 2}

DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS

 The difference of two sets, written A-B is the set of all elements of A that are not element
of B.
 To find the difference A-B of the two sets, we begin by writing all of the elements of A,
and then take away every element of A that is also an element of B.
 A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B= {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A – B = {1, 2}
 A= { a, b, d, r, t} and B= { l, b, f, r}
A – B = {a, d, t}

A – B is not equal to B – A
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B= {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
B – A = {6, 7, 8}
References:

Yvette, Lim F., et al. Mathematics for Engaged Learning Grade 11. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc.,
2016 STUDENT
CODE:

MATHEMATICS 7| Module 1 Worksheet

Name: _______________________________Grade and Section: _______________Date:___________

I. Direction: Identify the objects if it is an element (ϵ) or not an element (ϵ), if C be the set of protective
equipment for Covid-19.
1. Face Shield ____ C
2. Make-Up Kit ____ C
3. Alcohol ____ C
4. Face Mask ____ C
5. PPE Dress ____ C
6. Umbrella ____ C
II. Direction: Describe the given sets using the three methods.
Let R be the set of even numbers from 1-10.
1. Roster Method: _____________________________________
2. Rule Method : _____________________________________
3.Set-Builder Notation : ____________________________________

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 4

 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021
III. Determine whether the given set is a subset ( ) or not a subset ( ) of set R and
identify its cardinality. Let R be the set of President in the Philippines.
Given Set ( or ) of Set R Cardinality

1 A= {Roxas, Quirino, Aguinaldo }

Y= { Aquino Ninoy, Macapagal Gloria, Laurel,
2
Estrada }
E= {Estrada, Duterte, Quezon, Osmeña, Duterte,
3
Quirino, Duterte}
N= { Magsaysay, Aquino Cory, Garcia, Marcos,
4
Ramos, Marcos }
P= {Trillanes, Escudero, Drilon, Hontiveros, Aquino
5
Kris }
IV. Direction: Give the universal set of the following:
1. A= {1, 2, 3, 4} and B {2, 1, 3, 4}
2. C= {a, c, p}, D= {b, r, j} and U= {y, f}
3. G= {red, blue} and F= {purple, green}
4. I= {Layla, Odette, Miya} and H= {Lance, Gus}
5. K= {hotdog, rice}, J= {sausage, pork} and M= {apple, mango}
V. Direction: Determine the Union, Intersection and the difference of two sets of the following sets.
DIFFERENT
GIVEN SETS UNION INTERSECTI OF TWO SETS
ON
1 A= {5, 4, 3, 2, 1} {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
B= {3, 4, 5, 6}
2 A= {a, b, c, d, e} {a, b, c, d, e, x, y,
B= {x, y, z} z}
3 A= {red, blue Yellow} {red, vlue,}
B= {white, red, blue, green}
4 A= {left, right}
B= {left, right, top, bottom}
5 A= {kaugma, Cimmaronnes}
B= {Baao, Pili, Bula}
VI. Let’s Reflect:
In our life, there’s a lot of set that we have and may encounter throughout our journey in this world. A
set of family, set of new friends, new things, favourite foods, movies, goals, ideas etc. Every one of us
has a significant set of person, things or ideas that we’re proud and care of it.
Create a “sets of your life” by completing the different sets that tells about yourself. Explain what the
most important set in your Life is.

THE SETS OF MY LIFE

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 5

 UNIVERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur
SY 2020 - 2021

UNIVERSAL SET
(The set that contains all of the sets that you have)
SE
T
(The sets I have)

NULL SET
(The sets that I don’t have)

Explanation:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

How did you perform on the activities in this module? Assess yourself by ticking the box of your answer
below:
I am confident and proud of my work.
I did well on some parts of the module.
It was fine.
I will do better next time.

You have reached the end of Module 1. Detach this answer sheet /worksheet from the set. Only this sheet will
be returned to your teacher on the next scheduled dropping of modules.

1ST QUARTER | MODULE 1 IN MATHEMATCS 7: SETS|MR. FELIX JONES B. BANARES | 6