Comparative Analysis PH and JPN

JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University

City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
JMJ Marist Brothers
College of Business
Administration Business
Administration Department
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHILIPPINES AND JAPAN
A Paper Presented to the
Faculty of the
College of Business Administration
As a Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Course
FME 101 – Public Finance
Alvarado, Mikee
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Fanuncial, Camila May
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla Zennia
Date of the Presentation: _________________
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DEDICATION
We dedicate our comparative analysis paper to our family and friends, to express
our gratitude to our loving and supporting family, Mr. and Mrs. Alvarado, Mr. and Mrs.
Dofitas, Mr. and Mrs. Fanuncial, Mr. and Mrs. Forro, Mr. and Mrs. Vistavilla who helped
us in any way they can, guiding and providing the necessary materials (internet) and
also to their word of wisdom had encouraged us to keep going.
Above all, we thank our Almighty God for providing us with the knowledge,
insight, and strength needed to complete this work. We can't do anything without His
help. To God be the Glory.
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Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to acknowledge the people who helped and assisted
in completing this study.
First and foremost, we would like to express my gratitude to God the Almighty for
His grace, strength, and blessings during the process of writing this paper.
The researchers would also like to express their heartfelt gratitude to their
teacher, Mr. Rodolfo Faldas, for providing us with the chance to write this article and for
offering invaluable assistance, constructive criticism, and kind counsel throughout the
process. He is much appreciated by the researchers. They have been tremendously
influenced by their energy, vision, genuineness, and motivation.
A special thanks to the parents, who have given a significant portion of the paper
through their love, prayers, and unwavering devotion and support since the beginning.
The researchers also want to express their appreciation to their friends for their help
and prayers.
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Table of contents
I. Introduction
A. Frame of Reference 5-6
B. Grounds for Comparison 7
C. Thesis 8
II. Body Paragraphs
A. Main Idea Statement 9-10
B. Subjects about Country A with Evidence 11-16
C. Subjects about Country B with Evidence 17-20
D. Linking Country A and Country B 21-23
E. Concluding Statement 24
III. Conclusion
A. Summary of Main Points 25
B. Restating the Thesis 26
C. Enlightening Statement 26
Appendices:
Appendix A 29-31
Appendix B 32-34
Appendix C 35
Appendix D 36
Appendix E 37
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Introduction
Comparing one thing to another determines its similarities and differences are found
in any aspect of life, where in fact it became a part and seen in a person’s daily life.
These qualities are as well seen and used in comparing two different and or opposite
elements, ideas etc. Comparative analysis is the practice of comparing objects and
identifying similarities and differences between them. When an organization seeks to
evaluate a concept, problem, theory, or topic, it may use a comparative analysis to gain
a better understanding of the situation and develop strategies to address it. A country’s
economy standing differs from one another yet the existence of some similarities is
visible. Not only in the economy of each country it differs and is crucial to the country’s
survival but the Government also takes a big part in it. Philippines and Japan are just
two of the opposite countries in the world and in terms of its economy and Government
it has a big gap in which of the two had conquered and rise above the pandemic, and
the other was left greatly affected and still faces the problem on the economy and the
pandemic as well. The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942
and 1945, when Imperial Japan attacked the Commonwealth of the Philippines during
World War II. On December 8, 1941, ten hours after the assault on Pearl Harbor, the
invasion began. The initial Japanese attack, similar to Pearl Harbor, severely damaged
American planes. Due to a shortage of air support, the American Asiatic Fleet in the
Philippines was forced to evacuate to Java on December 12, 1941. On the night of
March 11, 1942, General Douglas MacArthur was instructed to leave Corregidor for
Australia, a distance of 4,000 kilometers. On April 9, 1942, the 76,000 malnourished
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and sickly American and Filipino defenders of Bataan surrendered, and were forced to
suffer the notorious Bataan Death March, during which 7,000–10,000 people perished
or were killed. On May 6, 13,000 survivors on Corregidor had surrendered. For more
than three years, Japan had occupied the Philippines before surrendering. Philippine
resistance groups held 60% of the islands, predominantly forest and mountain areas,
and courtesy of a very efficient guerilla operation. MacArthur provided them with
submarine supplies as well as reinforcements and officers. Furthermore, there was no
freedom of expression or the press, and widespread censorship. This also includes
Filipinos of pure or mixed Japanese ancestry who are now resident in the nation, the
latter as a consequence of intermarriages between the Japanese and local populations.
Years would pass before the Japanese began to have an impact on Filipino culture.
When the Japanese left, the Filipinos returned to life as it had been before the
Japanese arrived.
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Ground for comparison
Throughout history, the Philippines were under the colonization and influence of
the Japanese civilization, after some time they were able to break through and achieve
the independence they deserve. But despite being under the regulation of Japan back
then, the Philippines was not as competent as Japan’s economy, studies show the
difference between the two countries. When it comes to the economic differences, it
shows that Japan has the top tax rate of 56% as of 2016 while on the other hand, the
Philippines have the top tax rate of 32% in the same year. In terms of the expenditures
of their Government, Japan spent 3.5% of its GDP on education while the Philippines
only spent 2.7. This determines the difference between the two countries on its
Government and economic status. What’s more, is the reason why the Philippines are
not capable enough in developing their own country despite being under the influence of
Japan.
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Thesis Statement
Debts are very common to each country in order to regain and sustain their economy
during crucial situations that they’ve been experiencing. Gross domestic products
(GDP) are one of the main source of income in every country, it is known to identify or
determine the quality and efficiency of the product, ease of production and
advancement of the economy. A country is considered efficient and productive
according to the amount that they are capable or willing to export rather than the
amount they import in their economy. Expenditures are generally common especially to
the government. They are usually the one who provides and gives access to the people
in order to satisfy their needs and wants. But due to scarcity, the Government limits the
supplies so that they can allocate the resources more efficiently and effectively. This
classifies how capable and advanced the country is when it comes to the provision of
the needs of the people.
This study aims to:
 Identify the development and improvement of the two countries by the number of
their exports and imports and what it implies to the status of their economies.
 Know how the country’s archipelago will justify the development of their country
or this has to do with the economic difference of the two which tell the availability
of the resources.
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Body (Point-by-Point Method)
Public finance statistics are the Government spending classified by function and
economics, statement of cash sources and uses, outstanding financial assets and
liabilities of the government, and government and state enterprise debt. Japan and
Philippines are both located in SouthEast Asia yet its economy, Government and
finances approaches differ from each other. Japan is competent and sustainable on its
resources and was able to allocate its resources efficiently to rise above the pandemic
and adopt on the new normal while on the other hand, the Philippines was able to adopt
but was not able to rise above the pandemic which indicates that it still struggles to
thrive and meet the need of its people. Japan's economic history is most known for the
country's phenomenal social and economic progress following the Meiji Restoration in
the 1800s. It was the first non-Western great power, and it grew steadily until World War
II, when it was defeated. When Japan recovered from the disaster, it became the
world's second largest economy, trailing only the United States and, beginning in 2010,
China. Scholars have assessed the country's unusual economic position during the
Cold War, with exports to both US and Soviet-aligned countries, and have shown a
great interest in the post-Cold War period of Japan's "lost decades.'' According to Asia
link business Japan is one of the world's largest and most developed economies, it
boasts a highly educated and hardworking workforce, as well as a huge and affluent
population, making it one of the world's largest consumer marketplaces. From 1968 to
2010, Japan's economy was the world's second biggest (after the United States), until
China overtook it. Its GDP was expected to be USD 4.7 trillion in 2016, and its 126.9
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million people enjoy a high level of life, with a per capital GDP of slightly under USD
40,000 in 2015. Since the end of World War II, the Philippine economy has had a mixed
history of growth and development, falling from being one of Asia's richest, second only
to Japan, to one of Asia's lowest. Following the war, growth was strong at first, but it
slowed over time. Under the 1984-1985 recession, the economy shrank by more than
10%, and fears of political instability during the Aquino administration impeded
economic activity even more. During his term, President Ramos initiated several
economic reforms and measures targeted at increasing firm growth and foreign
investment. As a result, the Philippines had a period of greater growth, although the
Asian financial crisis of 1997 hampered economic progress once again in the
Philippines.
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Points about Japan (Country A) with Evidences
Japan is a major global economic power, but the country's miracle economy of
the 1960s and 1970s is a thing of the past as the country grapples with slower
development. The Japanese economy was rapidly expanding. Much of this growth was
the result of an increase of the worker’s productivity due to the increased capital per
worker, technological advancements, a highly educated and competent labor
population, pro-business government policies, and a favorable global trade
environment. Economic growth has raised the standard of living in Japan even higher
than the United States, for income is distributed evenly; Japan’s economy has moved
from manufacturing to services. Companies have used Southeast Asia as pools of low
cost labor and it was successful, the change in services had affected the preferences of
the Japanese consumers. Japan is heavily populated, and the quantity of land suitable
for agriculture in Japan is insufficient to feed the country's vast population. As a result,
Japan imports the vast majority of its food. Oil, coal, iron ore, copper, aluminum, and
timber are only a few of the basic commodities that Japan lacks for industry and energy.
The majority of these items must be imported into Japan. Japan must export a variety of
manufactured goods to other countries in order to pay for these imports. Electronics and
automobiles are two of Japan's most important exports.
International trade is very important for Japan. Japan's exports have evolved
throughout time, moving from agricultural items to manufactured goods, textiles, steel,
and automobiles. Because it has so little acreage, Japan is no longer competitive in
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agriculture. Because of the exorbitant rates offered to Japanese labor, ordinary
production is now prohibitively expensive. Because Japan has limited domestic energy
resources, it is also less competitive in energy-intensive industries such as
petrochemicals and aluminum. Oil is purchased by Japan from the Middle East. Japan
has spent more money on oil than any other foreign goods since the price of oil soared
in 1973. Because the Middle East cannot consume all of the things Japan needs to sell
or barter for its oil, Japan must sell its goods abroad. The commerce between two
nations (bilateral trade) is unbalanced when one country sells more to the other than it
buys. It is natural for governments to have bilateral trade deficits with some countries
and bilateral trade surpluses with others in a world where numerous countries trade with
each other. This is because trade promotes countries to specialize in the production of
goods that they excel in and to import those that they cannot manufacture as well as
others. This tendency is especially evident in Japan. Japan imports coal and other raw
materials from Australia and uses them to produce high-tech products.
During Japan's current economic adjustment era, export patterns have been a
major influence, and the structures of Japanese exports and imports have changed
significantly in recent years. Developments in the industries of IT-related products,
consumer goods, and motor vehicles and allied items are representative of the
continuous changes in Japan's trade structure. First, in the IT-related goods business,
Japanese producers have been reducing their level of export specialization as a whole,
although the circumstances differ by product category. As a consequence of direct
investment and other transnational alliances, East Asian and other nations now have
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manufacturing technologies that are almost similar to those in Japan, and the
competitive advantages of domestically produced Japanese IT related final goods are
eroding. As a result, IT-related goods companies are focusing less on exports and, in
some circumstances, even more on imports. The comparative benefits of domestic and
foreign manufacturing for IT-related components vary by category, but overall, IT-
related parts companies are diminishing their export specialization. In contrast, local
production of capital goods retains comparative advantages, and exports of IT-related
capital products appear to the far outweigh imports. Production by fairly low-skilled
employees is feasible in the consumer goods business, for example, for textile items
and household appliances, and technological transfer is reasonably straightforward. As
a result of the discrepancy in labor costs between domestic and overseas, the
international division of labor is advancing through means such as direct investment and
consigned production, and domestic production's comparative advantages are being
lost, and Japanese firms are specializing in imports. Despite the fact that the domestic
economy is increasingly competitive, customer tastes varies by country, and trade
friction became an international issue in the 1980s, automotive manufacturers continue
to have comparative advantages in small and medium-sized vehicle production. Despite
the fact that certain standardized parts are being separated between local and an
international manufacturing base, the entire production process of Japanese
automakers has not progressed to the point of global division of labor. Nonetheless,
Japanese automakers are creating models that are in high demand in their home
markets at their foreign manufacturing facilities, while the complete manufacturing
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process is being outsourced. While the changes in Japan's trade structure are many
and vary by industry, the following broad themes may be discerned. Real exports are
sensitive to overseas demand for IT-related products, and the increase in trade in IT-
related products is increasing the simultaneous correlation between real exports and
imports. Furthermore, the IT-related products trade is developing linkages between the
economies of Japan, East Asia, and the United States. Imports from East Asia, notably
China, are rapidly expanding in consumer products. Simultaneously, foreign consumer
items are becoming more prevalent in the Japanese market. As a result of the
increased importation of consumer products, consumer goods prices in Japan have
fallen significantly. Given these trends, the Japanese manufacturing sector will need to
advance a seamless reallocation of managerial resources in order to achieve future
growth. Furthermore, when current technologies become more widely shared over time,
such as through direct investment, the cost of labor differential will become the deciding
factor for items produced employing such technologies. Thus, the development of new
technologies that offer more value added and new business models that generate
higher profitability will be vital for Japan's manufacturing industry's future growth.
Furthermore, from the standpoint of the Japanese economy's total development,
another critical problem will be the amount to which the nonmanufacturing sector's
productivity, which accounts for the majority of the production factor allocation, can be
increased.
Japan, along with a few other wealthy Asian countries, scores relatively high in
terms of cost of living. While the cost of living index may not be the final predictor of a
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place's ultimate quality of life or the happiness level of its citizens, it is a method of
objectively analyzing economic or financial prospects for individuals who live there.
Industrialization helped Japan maintain a steady increase in per capital income during
the 1880s and 1970s. It's not odd to see a country's income rise as a result of increased
manufacturing. Indeed, Western Europe, Canada, Australia, and the United States have
all achieved high levels of per capital income by transitioning from agricultural to
industrial and technologically advanced service sector activities. Nonetheless, there are
four separate aspects of Japan's industrialization that ought to be discussed: the proto-
industrial basis, where prior to industrialization, Japan's agricultural productivity was
sufficient to support significant artisan proto-industrial manufacturing in both rural and
urban regions. Domestic investment in industry and infrastructure has been the main
force behind Japan's economic progress. Infrastructure was invested in by both the
commercial and governmental sectors, with national and municipal governments acting
as coordinating agents for infrastructure development. Manufacturing investment was
left to the private sector, and the rise in domestic savings allowed for an expansion in
capital accumulation. Japan’s growth was because of investment and not because of
exports. The total factor growth in achieving more output per unit of input was rapid,
looking on the supply side, the Growth in overall factor productivity was critical. Scale
economies, or the reduction in per unit costs as a result of higher output levels,
supported total factor productivity increase. Geographic concentration, national
economic growth, and individual company production growth all contributed to scale
economies. In addition, as their cumulative output increased and demand for their
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product grew, corporations went down the "learning curve," lowering unit prices. The
total productivity growth was greatly influence by the social capacity of importing and
adopting foreign technology improved and investing in education of the children in every
household to improve the social capability, and the firms create and internalize labor
markets and workers giving them incentives to flexibly adopt in the changes happening
with the technology and social capability and the Government reduces costs to private
firms securing foreign technology enhanced social capacity. Japan's labor and capital
markets were highly fragmented after the 1910s, the capital-intensive sector, which has
a high capital-to-labor ratio, pays comparatively high wages, whereas the labor-
intensive sector pays relatively low wages. As a result of income disparity, dualism
fueled domestic social dissatisfaction. After World War II, a series of public policy
changes combated inequality and removed much of the social hatred associated with
dualism that plagued Japan before World War II. The rest of this post will go over some
of the topics discussed above in further depth.
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Points about Philippines (Country B) with Evidences
The Philippine archipelago was occupied at least 30,000 years ago, when
migrations from the Indonesian archipelago are thought to have happened, and more
migrations followed during the millennia that followed. Social and political organizations
arose and changed throughout time on the widely separated islands. Over the years,
Chinese traders joined Indo-Malay immigration. A notable early development was the
introduction of Islam to the Philippines by traders and proselytizers from the Indonesian
islands. By the year A.D., Islam had taken root in the Sulu Archipelago. 1500 and had
extended to Mindanao; by 1565, it had reached the Manila area, and with the arrival of
the Spaniards, Christianity was introduced in the midst of the growth of Islam. The
Philippine Islands are bordered on the east by the Philippine Sea, the south by the
Celebes Sea, the southwest by the Sulu Sea, and the west and north by the South
China Sea. The uneven shape of the archipelago, the 36,290-kilometer-long coastline,
the vast expanse of hilly territory, the narrow and interrupted coastal plains, the typically
northward tendency of the river systems, and the beautiful lakes are all notable physical
features of the Philippines. The islands are mostly made up of volcanic rock and coral,
although they contain all of the major geological formations. The mountain ranges, for
the most part, run roughly north to south, in the same general direction as the islands
themselves. In the East Asia Pacific area, the Philippines have one of the most dynamic
economies. The average annual growth rate increased to 6.4% between 2010 and
2019, up from 4.5 percent between 2000 and 2009. With the progress of urbanization,
the growth of the middle class, and the growth of the large and young population, the
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economic health of the Philippines has been based on strong consumer demand
supported by a thriving labor market and large remittances, highlighting rice fields. Only
four nations were chosen to join the PFG, and the Philippines is one of them. The
United States' engagement with the Philippines reinforces the Philippine Development
Plan's aims for achieving equitable and resilient economic growth. It promotes national
and local institutional transformation in order to attract domestic and international
investment. USAID economic growth aid supports the PFG by increasing investment,
trade, and private sector growth, as well as enhancing fiscal performance. Increased
competition, expansion of key sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, and
agribusiness, infrastructure development, small and medium enterprise funding,
expediting the transfer to electronic payments, and improved fiscal policy and
management are all supported. It provides technical support in areas such as revising
international trade and investment rules, regulations, and administrative processes;
lowering the cost of doing business; lowering entry barriers; and enhancing overall
competitiveness, assists the Philippines in achieving its international trade policy reform
obligations it is in favor of modernizing customs and fully implementing the National
Single Window. As well as cooperates with the Philippine public and private sectors to
develop the country's infrastructure in order to reduce logistical costs that stifle trade
and commerce, as well as to encourage private sector participation in critical national
infrastructure projects, increase in local capacity manages the urbanization and growth
enhancing and enabling the environmental development locally. Improve and connect
the urban and surrounding rural areas, fostering an open and competitive business
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climate and facilitates investments in high-value industry clusters developing human
capital in promoting industry-academia linkages ensuring urban environmental
resiliency.
Research shows that in terms of total external trade and balance of trade In
September 2021, the country's overall foreign trade in goods, which totaled USD 17.35
billion, increased at a 16.9% annual pace. The yearly rise was 25.9% the previous
month, but it was -4.7% in September 2020. And 61.5% of items imported in September
2021 were imported, with the remainder being exported. The yearly trade deficit
increased. The gap between the value of exports and imports is known as the balance
of trade in goods. With a 3.7 percent year-on-year increase in the first half of 2021, the
economy has begun to rebound, driven by public investment and a turnaround in the
external environment. In the short term, the country is on course to move from a lower
middle-income country with a gross national income per capital of US$3,430 in 2020 to
an upper middle-income country (per capital income range of US$4,096–$12,695) with
continuing recovery and reform initiatives. If the virus is confined domestically and
overseas, mass vaccination rates are hastened, and domestic activity is bolstered by
improved consumer and business confidence and public investment momentum, the
economy is expected to develop even faster. In the long run, the recovery is anticipated
to have a positive impact on poverty reduction. In September 2021 -4.00 billion USD,
showing a 76.3% yearly rise in the trade deficit in the preceding month, the trade deficit
increased by 61.0% on an annual basis, whereas it was -33.5% in September 2020. In
terms of Exports the country's overall export sales in September 2021, which totaled
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USD 6.68 billion, climbed at an annual pace of 6.3%, compared to a gain of 18.9% the
previous month. Total export sales climbed by 3.4% annually in September 2020.
Seven of the top ten key commodity groupings in terms of export value increased year
over year, headed by chemicals (55.4%). Gold (44.3%) was next, followed by refined
copper cathodes and parts of cathodes (39.8%). Seven of the top ten key commodity
groupings in terms of export value increased year over year, headed by chemicals
(55.4%). Gold (44.3%) was next, followed by refined copper cathodes and parts of
cathodes (39.8%).
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Linking Japan (Country A) and Philippines (Country B)
Japan and Philippines are both located at SouthEast Asia which aims to have a
better economy and see development, improvement and growth despite of the COVID-
19 breakout which each country continue to fight, before the existence of the virus
Philippines’ economy is not as great a Japan but it thrives. Japan focuses more on
investing as well as importing and exporting its goods and services internationally, they
have utilized the allocation of their resources efficiently, while on the other hand,
Philippines is rich in Agriculture and also exports its people to work overseas. It does
not really deal with investment as much as Japan focuses on theirs but it utilizes its
resources for the greater good of its people.
Under the new tax and incentive framework of the Corporate Recovery and Tax
Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act, the Philippines and Japan have reached near-
balanced trade ties, which are likely to improve further. In his introductory, Masataka
Fujita remarks at the Department of Trade and Industry/Board of Investments webinar
on the CREATE Act and the Strategic Investment Priorities Plan, Masataka Fujita,
Secretary-General of the ASEAN-Japan Center, mentioned the trade connection
(SIPP). He noted the Philippines' CREATE Act as one example of continuing changes
to boost market and investor trust, in addition to other ongoing reforms. CREATE
harmonizes the country's investment incentives and reduces the corporate income tax,
bringing the country's corporate taxation in line with those of its neighbors. In his
statement, Japanese Ambassador to the Philippines Kazuhiko Koshikawa stated the
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Philippines still has a lot of room for economic growth, pointing out that the nation had
been growing for a long time before the epidemic. He stated that Japan is one of the
most ardent supports of the Philippine government's efforts to combat the epidemic and
he is optimistic that the Philippines will rebound in the post-COVID-19 period, since I
feel there is still enough of potential for Japanese firms to conduct business here.
Tomohiro Ando, JETRO Manila Investment and EPA Advisor, repeated the
Japanese Ambassador's remarks during his presentation on the Philippines' General
Business Economic Situation. He said that while the country's GDP growth rate fell in
2020, Philippine exports have demonstrated a monthly improvement. He also
mentioned a few of the country's benefits. He stated that compared to its neighboring
countries, the Philippines have a favorable level of labor cost, production cost is also
lower. On the other hand, the continuing increase of the working population provides
rich and numerous human resources despite the fact that supply chain growth is still a
work in progress, suppliers for electronics and other export-oriented sectors such as
metal and plastic parts have grown in recent years.
In terms of cost of living, Japan, along with a few other rich Asian countries, is
towards the top. The cost of living index is a method of objectively analyzing economic
or financial prospects for individuals who live there. While it may not be the best
predictor of a place's ultimate quality of life or citizens' happiness, it is a method of
objectively analyzing economic or financial prospects for individuals who live there.
Despite the apparent disparity in their respective cost of living, there are several
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additional criteria that may be utilized to indicate that Japan and the Philippines are
distinct on one hand and similar on the other. For one thing, although Japan has a
temperate climate with four distinct seasons, the Philippines has a tropical environment
with dry and rainy seasons that alternate year to year, but it is continually and
fundamentally changing from warm to hot. There are several reasons for a foreigner
who is unfamiliar with or has never visited either of Asia's countries to pay a brief visit or
remain longer, whether to work or settle permanently. The first is cuisine; Japan has its
own well-known specialties, such as sushi and ramen, while Filipino adobo is gaining
popularity in top Western restaurants. People's hospitality, which appears to be equal
on both sides, though it may appear differently; the availability of household help, which
is much cheaper in the Philippines; and access to good quality education, which is
much cheaper in the Philippines. Japan definitely has more top-ranking universities in
the world, though the Philippines have its share of excellent world-class schools in
major cities.
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Concluding Statement
As presented in the data above, Japan and Philippines has a large gap on its
economic and social status, with the advancement of the Japan’s economy, especially
in technology is gradually increasing compared to Philippines and it will continue to rise
and develop in the future. Japan had experienced miracle in their economic activities
where they seemed to be the “rags to riches” kind of person but in this case it is a
country, while the Philippines experienced the opposite of it where from being one of the
richest and competent country it became and remained as a developing one. Japan had
experience a lot of changes in terms of its economy and market they did a trial and error
on their market which they’ve succeeded not only focusing on importing and exporting,
they had also tried manufacturing a product and tried investment industries; the
Philippines on the other hand tried to take risk but unfortunately did not have the
opportunity to prosper so instead of pursuing the change it tried to preserve the
economy instead resulting to deliberate progress. Despite of the Philippines being in
behind with this development, it still continues to pursue change which is the main point
of these two. Even with major differences of these two, they both are trying to achieve
economic prosperity for the well-being of its country.
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Conclusion
Philippines may be struggling to thrive and meet its people's demands and the
Japanese economy is rapidly expanding, resulting in increased worker productivity,
technological innovation, and a highly educated population. Japan relies heavily on
international trade. Export patterns have had a considerable impact on Japan's present
economic adjustment period, and the structures of Japanese exports and imports have
changed dramatically in recent years. Japan, along with a few other wealthy Asian
countries, is towards the top in terms of cost of living. The Philippines has a tropical
climate with dry and rainy seasons that alternate year to year, but it is constantly and
fundamentally changing from warm to hot. Japan has a temperate climate with four
distinct seasons, while the Philippines have a tropical climate with dry and rainy
seasons that alternate year to year. Japan and Philippines may differ from each other in
terms of its economy, Government and finances approaches but both countries strive to
have a better place and economy for its people making sure that the Government
leaders do their part as its constituents take theirs, with the different approaches to
achieve growth and development to thrive both Japan and Philippines do their best in
increasing its economy by investing, and or import and export. And as well as assess its
economic standing by determining the availability of resources if it was utilized and
allocated accordingly for the best interest of everyone.
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In this study, we had identified the development and improvement of the two
countries by the number of their exports and imports and what it implies to the status of
their economies and know how the country’s archipelago will justify the development of
their country or this has to do with the economic difference of the two which tell the
availability of the resources.
After thorough analyzing between the comparison of both countries, there I conclude
that there a lot of visible differences that are evident in the data gathered. It shows that
there are a lot of differences when it comes to a lot of aspects it can be caused by the
internal and external factors that can cause the adjustments of the efficiency within the
economy, despite its differences, both countries strive in order to develop its country to
be more productive and progressive one.
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References:
Japanese Occupation retrieved from:
https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/m04y5fzp
Japan and Philippines Geography Comparison retrieved from:
https://versus.com/en/japan-vs-philippines
Japan’s Economy and Trading Patterns retrieved from:
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/economics/factshe.htm
Changes in Japan’s Export and Import Structures retrieved from:
https://www.boj.or.jp/en/research/brp/ron_2002/data/ron0205a.pdf
Japan’s Economy and Growth retrieved from https://eh.net/encyclopedia/japanese-
industrialization-and-economic-growth/
Philippines’ Archipelago retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines
Philippines’ Economic Growth and Trade retrieved from:
https://www.usaid.gov/philippines/economic-growth-and-trade
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/overview#1
Records of Import and Export in the Philippines retrieved from
https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/foreign-trade/fts-release-id/165260
Japan and Philippines’ Trade Relationship retrieved from:
https://mb.com.ph/2021/05/14/ph-japan-achieves-near-balanced-trade-relationships/
27
JMJ Marist Brothers
Japan and Philippine’s Cost of Living https://we-
xpats.com/en/guide/as/jp/detail/3664/
28
JMJ Marist Brothers
Appendix A
ATTENDANCE FORM
Dates of Names of Present Names of Absent Topics Discussed

Meetings Members Members
Sept. 9, Alvarado, Mikee During our discussion, we

2021 agreed to select a leader,
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Time secretary and treasurer. After
started: 10: Fanuncial, Camila that, we suggested different
22 am May countries and come up to a
Forro, Cyvan Rose unanimous decision then
discussed the flow or plan on
Vistavilla, Yla
how present the details in our
Zennia P.
selected countries.
Oct. 2, 2021 Alvarado, Mikee In this meeting, we finalized
Time the selected countries and set
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
started: 8:30 the date for our meeting and
pm Fanuncial, Camila for our draft.
May
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Oct. 8, Alvarado, Mikee By this time, we started
2021 drafting the introduction by
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Time researching and assigning
started: 9:00 Fanuncial, Camila which part is to be done by
pm May the members.
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Oct. 9, Alvarado, Mikee During this meeting, we
2021 discussed and suggested some
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Time ideas and facts about the topic
started: Fanuncial, Camila and continued editing the
9:00 pm May draft.
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Oct. 15, Alvarado, Mikee We assign the task to every
2021 member to edit and compile
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
29
JMJ Marist Brothers
Time Fanuncial, Camila the facts gathered.

started: 9:00 May
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla Zennia

P.
Nov. 05, Alvarado, Mikee In todays’ meeting, we
2021 compiled and discuss further
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Time on how to present the data
started: gathered for the introductory
9:33 Fanuncial, Camila part.
May
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Nov. 12, Alvarado, Mikee In this meeting, we discuss
2021 and brainstorm new ideas that
Dofitas, Arcez Joy
Time we think can be suitable as
started: thesis statement for our paper.
9:00 Fanuncial, Camila
May
Forro, Cyvan Rose
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Alvarado, Mikee During this discussion, here we
gathered information and ideas
Nov. 12, Dofitas, Arcez Joy of each members on how to
2021 Fanuncial, Camila improve the thesis statement.
Time May
started: Forro, Cyvan Rose
9:00
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Nov. 19, Alvarado, Mikee By this time, we already
2021 finalized the thesis statement
Dofitas, Arcez Joy and proceed in doing the other
Time
started: Fanuncial, Camila parts of the paper.
9:00 May
30
JMJ Marist Brothers
Forro, Cyvan Rose

Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Alvarado, Mikee After a lot of internalizing and
brainstorming, we decided to
Dec. 03, Dofitas, Arcez Joy continue and gather data and
2021 Fanuncial, Camila evidences that can support
Time further ideas presented in the
May
started: paper.
Forro, Cyvan Rose
9:00
Vistavilla, Yla
Zennia P.
Attested by: Noted by:
Yla Zennia P. Vistavilla Mikee A. Alvarado
Group Secretary Group Leader
31
JMJ Marist Brothers
APPENDIX B
Peer Evaluation
Instruction: Evaluate the performance and/or participation of your group mate in your
research activities and output according to the criteria indicated and the corresponding
score in the table below. Fill in the table.
CRITERIA NAME OF MEMBERS

PARTICIPATION ALVAR DOFI FANUN FORRO VISTAV
ADO, TAS, CIAL, , ILLA,
MIKEE ARCEZ CAMIL CYVAN YLA
JOY A MAY ROSE ZENNIA
Attendance in group meetings (max.

3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
Contribution to idea (max. of 3
2 3 3 3
points)
Performance in the given task (max.
3 2 3 3
of 3 points)
ATTITUDE
Towards the assigned task (max. of
3 3 3 3
3 points)
Towards the other members of the
3 3 3 3
group (max. of 3 points)
TOTAL (Max. of 15 points) 13 13 15 15
Mikee A. Alvarado December 18, 2021

Name and signature of the student-evaluator Date of Peer Evaluation
32
JMJ Marist Brothers


3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
3 2 2 3
points)
3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
ATTITUDE
3 3 3 3
3 points)
3 3 3 3
Yla Zennia P. Vistavilla December 18, 2021



3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
3 3 3 3
points)
3 2 2 3
of 3 points)
ATTITUDE
3 3 3 3
3 points)
3 3 3 3
Cyvan Rose Forro December 18, 2021

33
JMJ Marist Brothers


3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
3 3 3 3
points)
3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
ATTITUDE
3 3 3 3
3 points)
3 3 3 3
Camila May Fanuncial December 18, 2021



3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
3 3 3 3
points)
3 3 3 3
of 3 points)
ATTITUDE
3 3 3 3
3 points)
3 3 3 3
Arcez Joy Dofitas December 18, 2021

34
JMJ Marist Brothers
Appendix C
General/Overall outline of the paper
Cover Page (see first page)– One page only
Dedication – One new page (see page i)
Acknowledgment – One new page (see page ii)
Table of Contents – One page only (see page iii)
References – Two pages (see page 27-28)
Appendices:
Appendix A – Three pages only (Refer to page 29-31)
Appendix B – Three pages only (Refer to page 32-34)
Appendix C – One page only (Refer to page 35)
Appendix D – One page only (Refer to page 36)
Appendix E – One page only (Refer to page 37)
35
JMJ Marist Brothers
Appendix D
REVISIONS MATRIX
Degree :
Researchers :
Research Title :
Chair :
Evaluators :
RESEARCH REVISIONS MATRIX
Comments and Actions Taken Page Evaluator’s

Recommendations Signature
Preliminaries
Chapter 1




Chapter 2




Chapter 3




Other Comments/Suggestions


Revised and Submitted by:
Names of Student Researchers
The revisions enumerated above, as suggested and recommended, were thoroughly studied and
found to be in coherence with the expectations of the panel of evaluators.
_____________________
Teacher
36
JMJ Marist Brothers
Appendix E
RESEARCH EVALUATION MATRIX
Criteria for Evaluation of Comparative Analysis
CRITERIA
QUALITY (50%) ORIGINALITY RELEVANCE
DATE, *Appropriateness (25%) (25%)
VENUE RESEARCH of statistical tool(s) *Uniqueness of *Impact to TOTAL General
& TITLE used the study industry or RATING Comments/
TIME *Accuracy/reliability *Contributes to community (100%) Suggestions
of data new knowledge *Potential for
*Clarity of policy
presentation development
/documentation
Criteria for Students’ Research Presentation
AREAS STUDENT-PRESENTERS
Communication Skills (20%)

1. Voice Projection/Pronunciation (10%)
2. Grammar/Sentence Structure (10%)
Work Organization (30%)
1. Ability to present the assigned topic
clearly (15%)
2. Participation in the defense (15%)
Effectiveness (50%)
1. Ability to answer questions (20%)
2. Knows the details of the study/mastery
(15%)
3. Ability to convince the panelists of the
ideas being presented (15%)
TOTAL (100%)
______________________________
Examiner
Date: _________________________
37

Comparative Analysis PH and JPN

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Comparative Analysis PH and JPN

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JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHILIPPINES AND JAPAN

A Paper Presented to the

College of Business Administration

As a Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Course

FME 101 – Public Finance

Dofitas, Arcez Joy

Fanuncial, Camila May

Forro, Cyvan Rose

Vistavilla, Yla Zennia

Date of the Presentation: _________________

also to their word of wisdom had encouraged us to keep going.

help. To God be the Glory.

in completing this study.

process. He is much appreciated by the researchers. They have been tremendously

influenced by their energy, vision, genuineness, and motivation.

A. Frame of Reference 5-6

B. Grounds for Comparison 7

II. Body Paragraphs

A. Main Idea Statement 9-10

B. Subjects about Country A with Evidence 11-16

C. Subjects about Country B with Evidence 17-20

D. Linking Country A and Country B 21-23

A. Summary of Main Points 25

B. Restating the Thesis 26

identifying similarities and differences between them. When an organization seeks to

Australia, a distance of 4,000 kilometers. On April 9, 1942, the 76,000 malnourished

submarine supplies as well as reinforcements and officers. Furthermore, there was no

latter as a consequence of intermarriages between the Japanese and local populations.

Ground for comparison

advancement of the economy. A country is considered efficient and productive

the needs of the people.

This study aims to:

Body (Point-by-Point Method)

Points about Japan (Country A) with Evidences

worker, technological advancements, a highly educated and competent labor

population, pro-business government policies, and a favorable global trade

automobiles are two of Japan's most important exports.

and automobiles. Because it has so little acreage, Japan is no longer competitive in

agriculture. Because of the exorbitant rates offered to Japanese labor, ordinary

resources, it is also less competitive in energy-intensive industries such as

materials from Australia and uses them to produce high-tech products.

significantly in recent years. Developments in the industries of IT-related products,

although the circumstances differ by product category. As a consequence of direct

competitive advantages of domestically produced Japanese IT related final goods are

production of capital goods retains comparative advantages, and exports of IT-related

and household appliances, and technological transfer is reasonably straightforward. As

consigned production, and domestic production's comparative advantages are being

economy is increasingly competitive, customer tastes varies by country, and trade

friction became an international issue in the 1980s, automotive manufacturers continue

to have comparative advantages in small and medium-sized vehicle production. Despite

international manufacturing base, the entire production process of Japanese

markets at their foreign manufacturing facilities, while the complete manufacturing

China, are rapidly expanding in consumer products. Simultaneously, foreign consumer

increased importation of consumer products, consumer goods prices in Japan have

advance a seamless reallocation of managerial resources in order to achieve future

Furthermore, from the standpoint of the Japanese economy's total development,

industrial basis, where prior to industrialization, Japan's agricultural productivity was

sufficient to support significant artisan proto-industrial manufacturing in both rural and