P 1:QU A DRA TIC S

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1.2 Completing Square

Learning Objectives
Checklist Students should be able to:

☐ Carry out the process of completing the square for a quadratic

polynomial ax2 + bx + c and use a completed square form
e.g.to locate the vertex of the graph y = ax2 + bx + c, or to sketch the
graph

©Dr Chang 2021 www.smart-tutor.me Page 1 of 9

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of. gg−1 ..
[4] [4] [4]
Permission
Permission
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to reproduce
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itemsthird-party
where third-party
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owned material
protected
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by copyright
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9709/01/O/N/04
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effort
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the publisher
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opportunity.

University
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of Cambridge
of Cambridge
International
International
Examinations
Examinations
is part of
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itself is
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Every reasonable
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
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beenby made
the publisher
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to tracetocopyright
trace copyright
holders,holders,
but if any
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if anyrequiring
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 9
y
SMART Tutor Learning Mine®
Specific, Motivating, Achievable, Results-oriented, Trackable
y = x + 4x
44 44
Nos Questions 4 References
10 810 x !→ 2
!→ −2 2
−+12 + ≤ x0
0≤≤
≤Axx, ≤
≤
10 The function
10
10 The function
The function
f is defined
ff is
is defined
defined
by f :by
by xxx!→
ff :: 2 xx2 x−
212 12
13xx +
for
130for
13 for A,, where
where
A A is aA
where Aconstant.
is a constant.
y = 5is a constant.
A B
(i) Express f(x) in
Express
(i) Express
(i) f( )) in
f(xxthe inform
the form
the form ab((xx)2+
a(x +a ++b ,22 where
bc))M + cc,, where
+ a, b and
where a,, b
a bcand
areccconstants.
and are constants.
are constants. [3] [3]
[3]

(ii) State State

the value
(ii) State
(ii) the value
the of A of
value of
forA Awhich
for which
for which the graph the graph
the of y =of
graph off(yyx= =
) has
f(xx))ahas
f( has
lineaa ofline
line symmetry.
of symmetry.
of symmetry. [1] [1][1]
The diagram
The diagram shows showsa cube OABCDEFG
a cube OABCDEFG in which in which the length the length of each of eachside is side4 units.
is x4 units.
The unit
The vectors
unit vectors
WhenWhen
(iii) (iii)
(iii) A hasA
When Athis
hasvalue,
has this
this −−→ value,
value,−−−→
find
O →the find
find−−→ range −−→range
the
the rangeof−−→ f. of of f.f. [2] [2][2]
i, j andi, j kand arekparallel
are parallel to OA to, OA OC, and OC OD OD respectively.
and respectively. 4 4
4 The mid-points
The mid-points of OA of OA
and DG
and DG
are Pare P
and Q
and Q
respectively
respectively and Rand is R
the iscentre
the centre
of
: xg the
g!→:: 2 of square
the
2
!→−2 square
2 face face
−+12 ABFE
+ ABFE
. .
≥ 4.xx ≥ ≥ 4.
The function
The function
The function
g is defined
g is
g is defined
defined by g by by xxx!→ x2!→ 212 x x−
xx22 x−
2 12 13xx++ for 13x for
7x13
for
%.. 4.
−→ −−→ −−→
x !→ xxcurve −2 −+12 7xxfor ∈ %xx. ∈ ∈%
part of − ff−→ !−
9 99 The function
9 The
The function
f is defined
function f is
is defined
defined by f :by by :: 2 → 212x 12 +47 for
The diagram fshows the y = x + for
which has a minimum point at M . The line y = 5
(i) Explain
(iv) (i) Express
Express
(iv)
(iv) each why
Explain
why
Explain each
gofhas
why the gof
g anvectors
the
has
has vectors
inverse.
an
an PR and
inverse.
inverse. PR 2
PQ
and 2
PQ
in terms
inxterms of i, jofand i, j kand
. k. [3] [1]
[1] [3]
[1]
(i) intersects
Express
(i) Express
f the
( x ) in
fcurve
( x )
the in atthe
form theform
a points
( x − a b ( )
x A−−and bc ). 2B − .c. 4 [3] [3]
(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x − b) − c. [3]
(ii) (ii)
Use
(v) aUse
(v) Obtain scalar
anaexpression,
Obtain scalar
product
an product
expression, toinfind toin
termsinangle
find ofangle
terms xQPR forxxQPR
, of
of .g, −1
for(.xg).−1−1
(x). [4] [3]
[3] [4]
[3]
(ii) 10 (v)
State
(ii) Obtain
(i) Find
State
the the
range
thean expression,
coordinates
range
of f. of f. of Aterms , B and M,. for g (x). [1] [5]
[1]
(ii) State the range of f.y [1]
(iii) (iii)
Find Findthe perimeter
the perimeter of triangle
of triangle PQRPQR , giving , giving your your answer answercorrect correct
to 1 decimal
to 1 decimal place.
place. [3] [3]
(ii) Find theofvolume obtained
of x for of xxwhich when fthe
(x)shaded <f((21.
x)) < < 21. region is rotated through 360◦ about y =the x-axis.
2x) [6]
11 (iii)
11 Find
(iii)
(iii)
The diagram
the set
Find
The diagram the
shows
set
values
set
shows
of values
of
a cube
values
OABCDEFG
a cube of
OABCDEFG
for which
for which
in which f x
in which
21.
the length the length of each of eachside is side4Cunits.
is 4 units.
The unit
!(1 + [3]
The vectors
unit vectors
[3]
[3]
4−−→ y−− −→→ yy−−→ −−→ −−→ 3
11

11 11
i, j and
The iThe
, j kand
function
The function are kgparallel
function
The function are
is parallel
defined
g
f is defined
fg isis to OA
defined
is defined
defined byto , g
by 2f :byOA
OC xx,#→
by
:
by fg g!→OC
and
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2and!→
!→ −22
+ k28 xxOD +
2for
x+ −
+ kk811
xrespectively. ∈+for
xrespectively.
for
xfor %11 ∈%
∈for
xx3. x∈ ..%.
%The x ∈mid-points
%. mid-points
The of OA OA DG
of and DGPare
and are PQ
and and Q
10respectively
10 respectively
The and
function Rand
f is
: R
the
x →
"
6 y A curve has equation y = kx + 1 andAa line iscentre
the
2 x 2 −centre
of
8 x the
+ of
14 square
the
is square
defined face ABFE
face
for x ABFE
∈ . & . .
A has equation y = kx, where k is a non-zero constant.
A
f(x)equation ) inform (x−−→ ++ (1x)−− →++b−c −)for
→ + −which
c−→
(iv) Find
(iv) FindFind
the value
the value
value
of theof ofconstant
the constant
constant k for 2 k kwhich
for whichthe equationthe equation
equation gf (x)gfgf=((x0x))has
=0 0two
has equal
two equal
equal
roots.roots.
roots. [4] [4] [4]
6 (i) A (i)curve
Express
(iv) Express
hasthe f(xthe
in the the
y the akx
=form 2 ab and ,2 where
afor which
line , where
has a,the b and
a, b cand
equation y+=ckx
are constants.
are, where
kx constants.
= has istwo
ktangent
a non-zero [3] [3]
constant.
(i) (i)
(i) Express
Find Find
(i) Express
the eachthe
set of values
each
ofvalues of
theofvectors
the
of vectorsconstant
k for PRwhich and PR PQ kand
the in PQ
curve terms
inand the
terms
of line
i,!jof
y =the y
i+
and
line
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kand =
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[3] [3]
[3] x).
C [4]
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(ii)
(i) State
the range
Find the set
the range
ofoff. values
of f. of k for which the curve and the line have no common points. [1] [1][3]
10 1010(ii)
(ii) Use(ii) aUse
State scalar
the avalue
scalar
productofproduct
k toforfind to
which angle
find angle the QPR line2A
QPR
. is .a tangent to the curve and, for this case, find the [4] [4]
(ii) Expressoff (the x) inpoint the form a(the x +line b) + c, A A
where acurve.
, b and c are constants. [3]
(iii) (iii)
Explain
(ii) Explain
coordinates
Statewhy thewhy
f does
value f does
not
of have not forhave
kwhere anwhich inverse. an inverse.
the touches
C lineC C isthe Da tangentD to the curve and, for this case, find [1] the
[4] [1]
(iii) (iii)
Find Findthe perimeter
the perimeter of triangle
of triangle PQRPQR , giving , giving your your answer D
answercorrect correct
to 1Bdecimal
to 1 decimal place.
place. [3] [3]
coordinates of the point where the line touches the curve. B [4]
: x g#→: x2x#→ −2x82x − + 811 x +for ≤ Ax, ≤where
(iii) Find the range of f.B 2 B [1]
The function
The function g is defined
g is defined by g by 11xfor A , A
where is A
a constant.
is a constant.
7 The function f is defined by 2 y = xyy3 –= = 6xxx332––+669xxx22 +
+ 99xx
11 1111
The The
function
The
7(iv) The(iv)
function
function
Statefunction
Statef is
the largest
g :
defined
f is
theflargest
x →
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defined
isvalue
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of by:−
by x
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has 11 x
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an inverse.
for x > 2.
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2
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(i) When
Express Express xA smallest
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Express f (x) in theAform
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O O O B −1 B B x
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(ii) State
(ii) the this
(i) State
Express thevalue
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− a)2 + b and forhence in termsthe range [1] [3] [1]
[3]
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The The diagram the shows ythe = xcurve 3 O
=1 6xxx3 y−
3 2
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2 19+xx 2 ≥x)0.xxmeeting Thethe x-axis at A and aty-axis
thepoint B. a The
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(iii)
Explain
diagram
(ii) ydiagram
Explain
Obtain
shows
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shows
shows
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anf does f
curve
the curve
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curve
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inverse.
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at [1]
and a
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isondefined
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at the
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The function (i) gFind is defined
gthedefined by g by −x→ A−→ A is aAconstant.
, where is a constant.
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coordinates by [2]
−
−−→ −−→ − −−
−→
→
The(i) diagram
The
The
Find
(i) diagram
diagram
Find
the shows
√ shows
shows
coordinates
the the parallelogram
coordinates the
theof parallelogram
parallelogram
A of
and A Band
. OABCB g. ( OABC
x )
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. Given
2 that
for OA
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x
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+ 33 +and
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3 kOC and =OC
and OC3i − = j3
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+[3]
+ k,, find
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diagram shows the Thecurve function
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oordinate of the 10 State
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curve
largest
xthe −
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ofthe for
of
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the vector
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Find
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the , equation
oncurve
equation ofinthe
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of=normal
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When
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[1]
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©Dr Chang 2021 www.smart-tutor.me Page 6 of 9

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Nos Questions 2 References

341 Express 3x2 − 12x + 7 in the form a!x + b"2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

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14 14

x !→
f : 2xx!→ −212
x2x−+12 + 7x for
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11 3611(i) ........................................................................................................................................................
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Express 2x2 −212 x2 x−+1211 x+ in11theinform a!x +ab!x"2++bc",2 where
the form + c, wherea, b anda, bcand arecconstants.
are constants. [3] [3]
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17 17
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−1
(iii) (iii)
In theIncase
the case
where k = −1,
where k =find
−1, gfind f!gx−1
" and
f!x"solve
and solve
the equation
the equation g−1 f!gx−1" =f!0.
x" = 0. [3] [3]
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14 14
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8 378 (i) ........................................................................................................................................................
Express x2 − 4xx2 −
Express 7xin+ the
7 inform !x + a!x"2++ab".2 + b.
(i) ........................................................................................................................................................
+4 the form [2] [2]
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8 8
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5 5The function
The function f is defined
f is defined by f!by x" =f!−2 x" x=2 −2+ 12x2 x+−123xfor − 3x for
∈ #.x ∈ #.
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38 (i) ........................................................................................................................................................
(i) Express
Express −2x2 −2 + 12x2 x+−123xin− the 3 informthe form−2!x −2! + ax"2++ab",2 where+ b, wherea andaband arebconstants.
are constants. [2] [2]
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1 1 function
The The function
f is defined
f is defined by f!xby " =f!xx2" −= 4xx2 + − 84xfor + 8x for∈ #.x ∈ #.
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39The ........................................................................................................................................................
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4fxx2is+ x2− ".27x+for
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by =f!x2"form
xform
" the =−4xx2a!"−
!x− + 7+xafor
4 b+ b.kx, where
< < k, wherek is akconstant.
is a constant.
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the largest valuevalue of k for of kwhich
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State State
the largest for whichf is afdecreasing
is a decreasing function.
function. [1] [1]
The function
The function f is defined
f is defined by f!by x" =f!2x"x2=−212 x2 x−+1211 x+ for11x for
≤ kx. ≤ k.
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16
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(ii) ........................................................................................................................................................
State ........................................................................................................................................................
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the largest
the largest valuevalue of theofconstant
the constant k for kwhich for which
f is afone-one
is a one-onefunction.
function. [1] [1]
9 Functions f and g are defined 4 by 4
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40
unction f is defined f : x function isxdefined =A22,xxwhere
f!:xx"≤!→ +−812 xA + forx0∈≤",x ≤ A, where A is a constant.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
!→ 2x2 − f12 + 13 forby0 f≤ 22
10by ................................................................................................................................................................
The x+ 1is 13
a for
constant.
(iv) (iv)
Express Expressf! x " in
f! x "
the in form
the form
2! x + a
2! x" ++ a "
b 2
, +
g!x" = 2x 2− k for x ∈ ",a band
2
b
where , a
where and arebconstants,
are constants,
and henceand hence
state state
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of cf(,
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where k is........................................................................................................................................................
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the value of k for which the line y = g!x" is a tangent to the curve y = f!x".
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Find When
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an expression has f −1
forvalue, −1 the range of f.
for!xf"find!x"state
and and state
the domainthe domain of f −1of. f −1 .
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For this Forvaluethis value of k find of k an find expression
an expression for f −1 for!xf"−1 !x"state
and and state
the domain of f −1of. f −1 .
the domain [4] [4]
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........................................................................................................................................................
unction g is defined by The !→ 2x2 −g12
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
g : xfunction + 13 forbyx g≥:4.
isxdefined x !→ 2x2 − 12x + 13 for x ≥ 4.
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© UCLES ........................................................................................................................................................
2018 9709/13/M/J/18
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Explain why g has an inverse. ........................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Explain why g has an inverse. [1] [1]
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©Dr Chang ........................................................................................................................................................
2021
Obtain an expression, terms
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g−1 (x). of x, for g−1 (x).
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of x, an
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© UCLES© UCLES
2018 2018 9709/12/O/N/18
9709/12/O/N/18
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SMART Tutor Learning Mine®
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Specific, Motivating, Achievable, Results-oriented, Trackable
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Nos Questions10 10 References
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9 41 ........................................................................................................................................................
Express
9(a) (a) ........................................................................................................................................................
2x2 +212
Express x2 x++1211 x+ in11theinform
the form
2!x +2! ax"2++ab",2 where
+ b, wherea andaband arebconstants.
are constants. [2] [2]
........................................................................................................................................................

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7
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42
6 The equation of a curve is y = 2x2 + kx + k − 1, where k is a constant.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
It is now given kthat
It is now
It is given
now that
given = 2.kk =
that = 2.2.
(a) Given that the line y = 2x + 3 is a tangent to the curve, find the value of k. [3]
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
axx"2+ 2
(b) (b)
Express
(b) the equation
Express
Express the
the equation of theof
equation ofcurve
the
the curve in thein
curve informthe y = 2!yyx=
the form
form =+2!
2! ab"",2 where
++a +b
+ a anda
b,, where
where abandareb
and bconstants,
are
are constants, and and
constants, and
hencehence state state
hence the coordinates
state the
the coordinates
coordinatesof theof ofvertex
the
the vertex of14theof
vertex
14the
14
ofcurve.
the curve.
curve. [3] [3] [3]
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9 9The9 functions
The functions
The f andfgand
functions are
f andgdefined
are
g aredefined
by
defined by by
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........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
f!x" =f!x2"f!− 2 2
=x"4xx= +x 4
− 3−x+ 4x3+x for
for 3> cfor
x, >xc>
where c,c where
is acconstant,
, where iscaisconstant,
a constant,
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........................................................................................................................................................
14
........................................................................................................................................................
1 1 1
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
g!x" = g!xg! " =x" =for x for > −1. x >x−1.
for > −1.
x + 1x +x1+ 1
The functions f and ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
g are........................................................................................................................................................
defined by
........................................................................................................................................................
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43(a) (a) f!
Expressx
(a)Express x2x"−in
" =Express
f! 4xxthe
f! "f!
+in "the
x3form !xx >
forthe
in form − ca!,x"2where
form ".2 a+c"2bis+
−!+xab− . ab.constant, [2] [2] [2]
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........................................................................................................................................................
1
g!x" = for x > −1.
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x + 1
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!x − a"2 + b.
(a) Express f!x" in........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
the form [2]
........................................................................................................................................................
The function
The function f is defined
f is defined by f!by x" =f!2x"x2=+212 x2 x++1211 2x +for11x for
2 x ≤ −4.
≤ −4.
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x2an+ expression
x62x ++ 65xfor in+ the + ++ab"domain
+ b, where
−1
1 44 1(b)
(a) (a)Find
(b)
Express Find
an expression
Express 5f for f"−1
in!form
xthe and!!xx"state
form and a!x"2state
the 2the domain
, where of f −1of
a and
−1
a.band
f are.bconstants.
are constants. [3]
[2] [2] [3]
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10 10 10 10
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Functions 7f and7Functions
7 Functions
g are defined
Functions
f and as
f gand
follows:
f and
are gdefined
areg aredefined
defined as follows:
as follows: as follows:
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x !→ x2 + 2x +
f : 10 f :3xfor f : xf 2:!→
!→ 2 2
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
≤+x−1,
x2!→ x 23+
x ++ xfor
+2x3x+for x ≤x−1,
≤3 −1,
for ≤ −1,
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g : x !→ 2x + 1 for g : x g!→ ≥:−1.x2x:!→+
g x 2!→1xfor
2x1x+for
+ x ≥x−1.
≥1 −1.
for ≥ −1.
s f and g are defined as........................................................................................................................................................
follows:........................................................................................................................................................
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(a) Express 45
f!
© UCLES x"UCLES
(a)
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Express now xgiven
!2x"++in
!→Express
f! 2axthat
f! "2f!
+in "kbthe
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a+"2b+
and of
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9709/12/M/J/20 range
ofrange
f. of f.of f. [3] [Turn over
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the ........................................................................................................................................................
xform
(a)Express "the +x3form x!xstate a!x"the
+!+xarange
b+ bf.and
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[Turn
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2020 ........................................................................................................................................................
9709/12/M/J/20
........................................................................................................................................................
(b)g : xExpress
!→ 2x +the 1 for x ≥ −1.of the curve in the form y = 2!x + a"2 + b, where a and b are constants, and
equation
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hence state the coordinates of the vertex of the curve.
........................................................................................................................................................ [3]
2
" in the form !x........................................................................................................................................................
+ a"........................................................................................................................................................
ress f!x........................................................................................................................................................
b and state the range of f. [3]
+........................................................................................................................................................
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It is given
It isItgiven
that
is fthat
given is that
afone-one
isfaisone-one
function.
a one-one function.
function.
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(b) (b) State(b)........................................................................................................................................................
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State
theState
smallest
the the
smallest
possible
smallest possible
valuevalue
possible c. of cof
of value . c. [1] [1] [1]
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It is given that f is a one-one function.
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........................................................................................................................................................
(b) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]
.................................................................................................................................................
y = xy2 =is xtransformed y = xy2 = +6 x2x ++ 65.x + 5.
........................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES© UCLES
2020 ........................................................................................................................................................
2020 ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
9709/12/F/M/20
9709/12/F/M/20
(b) (b) The ........................................................................................................................................................
curve
The curve
with with
equation
equation 2
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
is transformed to thetocurve
the curve
with with
equationequation
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©Dr Chang ........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
2021 www.smart-tutor.me Page
DescribeDescribefullyfully
the transformation(s)
the transformation(s) involved.
involved. [2]8 [2]
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of 9
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 P 1: A NS WER S
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No Answers No Answers
2 2
1 2(x − 3) − 7 28 4 − (x − 3)
2 2
2 2(x + 2) − 18 29 (x + 3) − 7
2 2
3 16 − (x − 4) 30 (2x + 3) + 1
2 2
4 (x − 3) − 9 31 16 − (x + 3)
2
(3x − 1) + 5
5 3 2 9 32
(x − ) −
2 4
2
6 2(x − 2) + 3
2 33 25 − 2(x + 3)
2
7 9 − (x − 3)
2 34 3(x − 2) − 5
2
8 2(x − 3) − 5
2 35 2(x − 3) − 11
2
9 2
2(x − 3) − 11
36 2(x − 3) − 7
2
10 2(x − 2) + 6
2 37 (x − 2) + 3
2
2 38 −2(x − 3) + 15
11 (x − 2) + 3
2
12 2(x − 1) − 1
2 39 (x − 2) + 4
2
13 2(x − 2) + 2
2 40 2(x + 2) − 7, least value = −7
2
2 41 2(x + 3) − 7
14 (x − 2) + 1

) + , vertex = (− , )
42 1 2 1 1 1
15 2
(x − 2) − 4 + k 2(x +
2 2 2 2
2
8 − (x − 2) 2
(x − 2) − 1
16 43
2
4(x − 3) − 25 2
(x + 3) − 4
17 44
2
2(x − 3) − 5 2
(x + 1) + 2
18 45

) − , vertex = ( , − )
3 2 9 3 9
19 2(x −
4 8 4 8
2
20 (2x − 3) − 9

) − , min = ( , − )
5 2 9 5 9
21 2(x −
2 2 2 2
2
22 (x − 1) − 16
2
23 (3x − 2) + 1

24 3 2 1
2(x − ) +
2 2
2
25 2(x − 3) − 11
2
26 −1(x − 3) + 4
2
27 3(x − 1) − 1

©Dr Chang 2021 www.smart-tutor.me Page 9 of 9