GI^KD RÈ@GH@
 GI^KD RÈ@GH@D
D GR\ ><4.<::
><4.<::
\J^ZDGD ><<?
@ikhshðg bj Girkdehzd`hðg y bj Chs`dehzd`hðg bj Ndrrjrds @ikjr`hdejs Gi Drdg`jedrhds - HGBJ@I\H
@deej bj Ed \risd 40?, Pdg Nirfd (Ehkd 24) Dpdrtdbi 42: Ehkd, \jrö

@D^GJ X \^IBZ@RIP @Ä^GH@IP. Bjchgh`higjs,

`edshch`d`hðg y rjquhshtis bj `dr`dsds y `drgj bj nivhgis
KJDR DGB KJDR \^IBZ@RP. Bjchghthigs, `edsshch`dthig dgb rjquhrjkjgts ic `dr`dssjs dgb kjdt ic
 nivhgjs
 nivhgjs

><<?-<8-<0
>ª Jbh`hðg 

^.<<:-><<?/HGBJ@I\H-@GN. \uneh`dbd je ><<?-<8->3 \rj`hi ndsdbi jg >> pämhgds

H.@.P.6 3=.4><.4< JPRD GI^KD JP ^J@IKJGBDNEJ
Bjs`rhptirjs6 @drgj, pribu`tis `ärgh`is, bjchgh`higjs, `edshch`d`hðg, rjquhshtis, `dr`dsds, nivhgis

 
 

ËGBH@J

pämhgd

ËGBH@J h

\^JCD@HI hh

4. INFJRI 4

>. ^JCJ^JG@HDP GI^KDRHSDP 4

0. @DK\I BJ D\EH@D@HÐG
D\EH@D@HÐG >

2. BJCHGH@HIGJP >

:. @EDPHCH@D@HÐG BJ @DGDEJP I @D^@DPDP :

3. @I^RJP BJ @D^GJ @IKJ^@HDEJP

@IKJ^@HDEJP X KJGZBJG@HDP. =
BJCHGH@HIGJP
=.  ^JTZHPHRIP \D^D EDP @DGDEJP I @D^@DPDP, @I^RJP
^JTZHPHRIP 4:
BJ @D^GJ X KJGZBJG@HDP

?.  DGRJ@JBJGRJP 4?

DGJ_IP

DGJ_I D 48
DGJ_I N ><
DGJ_I @ >4
DGJ_I B >>
 

\^JCD@HI 

D. ^JPJÔD OHPRÐ^H@D

D.4 Ed prjsjgtj Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd od shbi jednirdbd pir je @ikhtè

Rè`gh`i bj Girkdehzd`hðg bj @drgj y \ribu`tis @ärgh`is, Pun @ikhtè bj @drgj,
kjbhdgtj je Phstjkd > u Irbhgdrhi, burdgtj je kjs bj givhjknrj bj ><<3, uthehzdgbi
`iki dgtj`jbjgtj d ed GR\ ><4.<::6><<0 @D^GJ X \^IBZ@RIP @D^GH@IP.
Bjchgh`higjs, `edshch`d`hðg y rjquhshtis bj `dr`dsds y `drgj bj nivhgi.

D.> Je @ikhtè Rè`gh`i bj Girkdehzd`hðg bj @drgj y \ribu`tis @ärgh`is

 prjsjgtð d ed @ikhshðg bj Girkdehzd`hðg y bj Chs`dehzd`hðg bj Ndrrjrds @ikjr`hdejs
 Gi Drdg`jedrhds -@GN-, `ig cj`od
cj`od ><<?-<0-04, je \GR\ ><4.<::6><<?,
><4.<::6><<?, pdrd su rjvhshðg
y dprind`hðg, shjgbi sikjthbi d ed jtdpd bj bhs`ushðg pöneh`d je ><<?-<=-<:. Gi
odnhègbisj prjsjgtdbi insjrvd`higjs cuj ich`hdehzdbi `iki Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd
GR\ ><4.<::6><<? @D^GJ X \^IBZ@RIP @Ä^GH@IP. Bjchgh`higjs,
`edshch`d`hðg y rjquhshtis bj `dr`dsds y `drgj bj nivhgis  >ª Jbh`hðg, je >3 bj
sjthjknrj bj ><<?.

D.0 Jstd Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd rjjkpedzd d ed GR\ ><4.<::6><<0.

><4.<::6> <<0. Ed
 prjsjgtj Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd od shbi jstru`turdbd bj d`ujrbi d eds Muëds \jrudgds
M\ <<46488: y M\ <<>6488:

N. HGPRHRZ@HIGJP TZJ \D^RH@H\D^IG JG ED JEDNI^D@HÐG

BJ ED GI^KD RÈ@GH@D \J^ZDGD

Pj`rjtdrhd @ikhtè bj Cdnrh`dgtjs bj Jknuthbis -

Pi`hjbdb Gd`higde bj Hgbustrhds

\rjshbjgtj bje @ikhtè Firmj Mih`i`ojd @. - BHPHNPD

BHPHNPD

Pj`rjtdrhi bje @ikhtè Shiejtd @ruzdbi ‐ Pdg Cjrgdgbi P.D.

@iirbhgdbird bje Pun @ikhtè bj @drgjs ^isd K. @jrgd V. - @igsuetird

JGRHBDB ^J\^JPJGRDGRJ

DM^I\J@ZD^HD JPKJ^DEBD / Kdrëd Euhsd Ceirjs

C^HMI^ËCH@I FIPD@ ^ixdgd @ägjpd
 

DM^INDX Fisè Ndyey

N^DJBR Kðgh`d Kdebigdbi

@J^\J^ Meirhd ^jyjs

@IKHRÈ BJ CDN^H@DGRJP BJ JKNZRHBIP BJ Euhs Pdedzdr

ED PI@HJBDB GD@HIGDE BJ HGBZPR^HDP

HGDPPD Ejigir Bj Ed @ruz

HGPRHRZRI GD@HIGDE BJ HGSJPRHMD@HÐG Ehehd @odu`d

DM^D^HD HGHD Fudg Kus`drh

EDHSJ Kdrëd Jejgd Ejðg

ED KIEHGD @IGPZERI^JP Pdyhrd Pdti

KHGHPRJ^HI
KHGHPRJ^HI BJ DM^H@ZE
DM^H@ZERZ^D
RZ^D / PJGDPD Jkhehdgd Fhkègjz
Hväg @dkd`oi

KHGHPRJ^HI BJ PDEZB / BHMJPD Denjrti Iehvd

^injrti Devhtrjz

PZ\J^KJ^@DBIP \J^ZDGIP ^ibieci Muthèrrjz

ZGHSJ^PHBDB GD@HIGDE DM^D^HD Phevhd Kjemdrjfi

ED KIEHGD / Cd`uetdb bj Hgbustrhds Dehkjgtdrhds

@IGPZERI^ Mjgdri @odpdrri

@IGPZERI^ ^injrti Aimd

@IGPZERI^ Pjrmhi ]dgbd @.

---iiiIiii---
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 4 bj >>

@D^GJ X \^IBZ@RIP @Ä^GH@IP. Bjchgh`higjs,

`edshch`d`hðg y rjquhshtis bj `dr`dsds y `drgj bj nivhgi 

4. INFJRI 

Ed Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd jstdnej`j eds bjchgh`higjs, `edshch`d`hðg rjquhshtis bj eds `dr`dsds
y `drgj bj nivhgis.

>. ^JCJ^JG@HDP GI^KDRHSDP 

Eds shmuhjgtjs girkds `igthjgjg bhspish`higjs quj de sjr `htdbds jg jstj tjxti, `igsthtuyjg
rjquhshtis bj jstd Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd. Eds jbh`higjs hgbh`dbds jstdndg jg vhmjg`hd jg je
kikjgti bj jstd puneh`d`hðg. @iki tibd Girkd jstä sufjtd d rjvhshðg, sj rj`ikhjgbd d
dqujeeis quj rjdeh`jg d`ujrbis jg ndsj d jeeds, quj dgdeh`jg ed `igvjghjg`hd bj usdr eds
jbh`higjs rj`hjgtjs bj eds girkds `htdbds sjmuhbdkjgtj. Je Irmdghski \jrudgi bj
 Girkdehzd`
 Girkd ehzd`hðg
hðg pisj
pisjj,
j, jg tibi ki
kikjgti
kjgti,, ed hgcirkd`hð
hgcirkd`hðgg bj eds Girkds
Girkds Rè`gh`d
Rè`gh`dss \jrudgds
\jrudgds jg
vhmjg`hd.

>.4 Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd

>.4.4 GR\ ><4.<4?6><<4 @D^GJ X \^IBZ@RIP @Ä^GH@IP.

\rd`th`ds bj ohmhjgj pdrd `drgj crjs`d.
^jquhshtis

>.>  Girkd Kjtrieðmh`d \jrudgd

>.>.4 GK\ <<46488: \^IBZ@RIP JGSDPDBIP. ^ituedbi

 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD > bj >>

0.  @DK\I BJ D\EH@D@HÐG

Jstd Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd sj dpeh`d d eds `dr`dsds y `drgj bj nivhgi pdrd `igsuki
oukdgi j hgbustrhde, quj gi odydg shbi trdtdbds jg cirkd demugd pdrd `igsjmuhr su
`igsjrvd`hðg,
`igsjrvd`hðg, jx`jpti odnjr shbi sdghthzdbds, rjcrhmjrdbds i `igmjedbds.

2. BJCHGH@HIGJP 

\drd eis pripðshtis bj jstd Girkd Rè`gh`d \jrudgd sj dpeh`dg eds shmuhjgtjs bjchgh`higjs6

2.4  d`dndbi6 Rèrkhgi rjed`higdbi d ed `dgthbdb y bhstrhnu`hðg bj ed mrdsd bj

`injrturd.

2.>  dghkde `dstrdbi6 Pig dqujeeis nivhgis quj odg shbi bjsprivhstis bj sus
mðgdbds.

2.0  dpègbh`js6 @ikprjgbj `dnjzd, pdtds y `ied. Cirkd pdrtj bje `igfugti
eedkdbi kjgubjg`hds.

2.2  nivhgi6 @ikprjgbj d eis dghkdejs pjrtjgj`hjgtjs de mègjri Nis bj eds

jspj`hjs6 tdurus j hgbh`us y Nundeus nundehs y sus oënrhbis.

2.:  nivhgi bj jgmirbj6 Nivhgi kd`oi i ojknrd, bj `udequhjr jbdb bjspuès bje
bjstjtj1 quj odyd shbi sikjthbi d ug pjrëibi bj dehkjgtd`hðg hgtjgshvi `ig je infjti bj
hg`rjkjgtdr ed mdgdg`hd bhdrhd bj pjsi y bj `dehbdb bj ed `drgj.

2.3  nujy6 Nivhgi kd`oi `dstrdbi, `uyd jbdb js supjrhir d eis 2 dôis.

2.=  `dgde i `dr`dsd6 @ujrpi bje dghkde bjspuès bj odnjr shbi cdjgdbi, jg je `dsi
bj nivhgis, shg phje gh kjgubjg`hds.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 0 bj >>

2.?  `drgj6 \drtj kus`uedr bj ed `dgde i `dr`dsd cirkdbi pir je tjfhbi nedgbi quj
ribjd je jsqujejti, hg`euyjgb
hg`euyjgbii su mrdsd, tjgbigjs, vdsis, gjrvhis y dpigjurishs.

2.8  `drgj kdmrd6 Js dqujeed `drgj jg ed quj vhsudekjgtj gi sj dprj`hd mrdsd bj

hgchetrd`hðg.

2.4<  `irtjs chgis6  Pj jgthjgbj pir `irtjs chgis de nhcj dgmisti, eiki chgi y
`irdzðg bj `udbrhe privjghjgtj bj dghkdejs (givheehti, tirjtj, vdquheed, tiri fivjg, vd`d
 fivjg y givheei)
givheei) `ig ugd jjbdb
bdb jgtrj 4> y 0< kjs
kjsjs.
js.

2.44  bjspistj6 Js ed sjpdrd`hðg bj bjtjrkhgdbds pdrtjs dgdtðkh`ds bj ed `dgde i

`dr`dsd, eejvdbi d `dni ndfi `igbh`higjs tè`gh`ds y sdghtdrhds dbj`udbds.

2.4>  cdjgdbi6 @ikprjgbj eds bhcjrjgtjs ipjrd`higjs rjdehzdbds pdrd ed

intjg`hðg bj `dgdejs i `dr`dsds bj nivhgis pdrd chgjs bj `igsuki oukdgi, bj d`ujrbi d
eds girkds ejmdejs vhmjgtjs.

2.40  kdburd`hðg bj ed `drgj6 Js je pri`jsi jgzhkäth`i quj sj hgh`hd jg ed

`drgj eujmi bje rhmir kirths1
kirth s1 sj `drd`tjrhzd pir su dnedgbdkhjgti mrdbude, `dknhi bj `ieir,
sdnir, dukjgti bj fumishbdb y dukjgti bj pO. Je dnedgbdkhjgti sj bjnj
cugbdkjgtdekjgtj d ed d``hðg bj eis bhsthgtis `ikpigjgtjs jgzhkdth`is y pritjh`is bj ed
`drgj. Hkpeh`d ed intjg`hðg bj `drd`tjrësth`d
`drd`tjrësth`dss irmdgieèpth`ds bjsjdnejs jg ed `drgj.

2.42  kjgubjg`hd 6 Js je `igfugti bj vës`jrds y dpègbh`js `ikjsthnejs.

`ikjsthnejs.

2.4:  givheehti6 Nivhgi kd`oi `dstrdbi, `ikprjgbhbi jgtrj 4 y > dôis bj jbdb,
odstd > bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs y `ig käs bj 4:< am bj pjsi `dr`dsd.

2.43  givheei6 Js dquje nivhgi kd`oi

kd`oi `dstrdb
`dstrdbi,
i, quj sj jg`ujgtrd `ikprjgbhbi
jgtrj 4 y > dôis bj jbdb y `ig > odstd 3 bhjgtjs.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 2 bj >>

2.4=  pedgtd cdjgdbird6 Jstdnej`hkhjgti bjnhbdkjgtj dutirhzdbi y rjmhstrdbi

 pir ed
e d dutirhbdb sdghtdrhd `ikpjtjgtj, quj `ujgtj `ig ed tj`gieimëd rjqujrhbd pdrd rjdehzdr
eis pri`jsis bj hgbustrhdehzd`hðg bj eds bhvjrsds jspj`hjs bj dndsti. Rdknhèg sj ej
bjgikhgd kdtdbjri, rdstri, `jgtri bj njgjch`hi i `dkde.

2.4?  pribu`ti `igmjedbi6 Js dquje quj od shbi sikjthbi d ed d``hðg bje crëi
hgbustrhde odstd `igsjmuhr jg je `jgtri bj ed kdsd kus`uedr ugd tjkpjrdturd bj -4? ¼@
`iki käxhki.

2.48  pribu`ti rjcrhmjrdbi6 Js dquje quj od shbi sikjthbi d ug pri`jsi bj

rjcrhmjrd`hðg d tjkpjrdturds bjsbj eis -4 ¼@ d : ¼@ .

2.><  sdgmrëd6 Js ed sdehbd bj ed sdgmrj bje dghkde `iki `igsj`ujg`hd bj ed

hg`hshðg bj eis mrdgbjs vdsis (`drðthbd y vjgd yumuedr), sj rjdehzd mjgjrdekjgtj d ghvje bj
ed ughðg bje `ujeei `ig ed `dvhbdb tiräxh`d.

2.>4  tjrgjri(d) 6 Nivhgis jg `rj`hkhjgti, kd`ois i ojknrds `ig bhjgtjs bj

ej`oj, bjsbj je gd`hkhjgti odstd je dôi bj jbdb `iki käxhki.

2.>>  tirjtj6 Nivhgi kd`oi quj gi od shbi `dstrdbi, `ikprjgbhbi jgtrj 4 y >
dôis bj jbdb, odstd `ig ug käxhki > bhjgtjs hg`hshvis pjrkdgjgtjs y `ig käs bj 4:< am
bj pjsi `dr`dsd.

2.>0  tiri6 Nivhgi kd`oi gi `dstrdbi, kdyir bj 2 dôis bj jbdb y `ig ed

bjgth`hðg pjrkdgjgtj `ikpejtd.

2.>2  tiri dbueti6 Nivhgi kd`oi gi `dstrdbi, `ikprjgbhbi jgtrj 0 y 2 dôis bj

jbdb y quj thjgj `iki käxhki 3 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
pjrkdgjgtjs..

2.>:  tiri fivjg6 Nivhgi kd`oi gi `dstrdbi, `ikprjgbhbi jgtrj > y 0 dôis bj
jbdb y quj thjgj `iki käxhki 3 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
pjrkdgjgtjs..
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD : bj >>

2.>3  tiri vhjfi6 Nivhgi kd`oi gi `dstrdbi, kdyir bj 2 dôis bj jbdb y `ig ed
bjgth`hðg pjrkdgjgtj `ikpejtd `ig ghvjed`hðg bj eis
e is sjmugbis kjbhdgis.

2.>=  vd`d6 Nivhgi ojknrd, kdyir bj 2 dôis, quj od tjghbi käs bj ug pdrti y
`ig ed bjgth`hðg pjrkdgjgtj `ikpejtd.

2.>?  vd`d dbuetd6 Nivhgi ojknrd, `ikprjgbhbd jgtrj 0 y 2 dôis bj jbdb, quj
od tjghbi käs bj ug pdrti y quj thjgj `iki käxhki 3 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs.

2.>8  vd`d fivjg6 Nivhgi ojknrd, `ikprjgbhbd jgtrj eis > y 0 dôis bj jbdb,
quj od tjghbi pir ei
e i kjgis ug pdrti y quj tthjgj
hjgj `iki käxhki 2 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs.

2.0<  vd`d vhjfd6 Nivhgi ojknrd, kdyir bj 2 dôis bj jbdb, quj od tjghbi käs
bj ug pdrti y `ig ed bjgth`hðg pjrkdgjgtj `ikpejtd `ig ghvjed`hðg bj eis sjmugbis
kjbhdgis.

2.04  vdquheed6 Nivhgi ojknrd, `ikprjgbhbd jgtrj <4 d <> dôis bj jbdb, quj
tibdvëd gi od shbi sjrvhbd y quj thjgj
t hjgj `iki käxhki bis bhjgtjs hg`hshvis pjrkdgjgtjs.

2.0>  vdquheeigd6 Nivhgi ojknrd jg su prhkjrd mjstd`hðg jgtrj <4 d <> dôis bj
jbdb, quj gi odg tjghbi je prhkjr pdrti.

2.00  vës`jrd6 @ikprjgbj eis ðrmdgis bhmjsthvis, rjsphrdtirhis, `hr`uedtirhis,

urimjghtdejs y gjrvhisis.

:.  @EDPHCH@D@HÐG
@EDPHCH@D@HÐG BJ @DGDEJP I @D^@DPDP

\drd bjtjrkhgdr ed `edshch`d`hðg bj `dgdejs i `dr`dsds, sj odg `igshbjrdbi eis shmuhjgtjs

 pdräkjtris6 `dtjmirëd,
`dtjmirëd, d`dndbi
d`dndbi y `igcirkd`hðg.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 3 bj >>

@DRJMI^HD

GIKJG@EDRZ^D @EDPJ JBDB @^IGIKJR^HD BJGRD^HD4 

(dôis)
bhjgtjs bj ej`oj (odstd 4:< am)
S RJ^GJ^I (D) odstd 4 dôi
RI^JRJ
4d> bhjgtjs bj ej`oj ‐ > bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
D SDTZHEED
(käs bj 4:< am)
 GISHEEHRI
RI^I FISJG >d0
2 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
@ SD@D FISJG >d0
 GISHEEI 4d>
RI^I DBZERI
Z 0d2 3 bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
SD@D DBZERD
RI^I
G kdyir 2 ? bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs
SD@D
RI^I SHJFI
? bhjgtjs pjrkdgjgtjs `ig ghvjed`hðg
I SD@D SHJFD kdyir 2 bj eis sjmugbis kjbhdgis

D@DNDBI

GIKJG@EDRZ^D @D^D@RJ^ËPRH@D
4 JP@DPD I \I@D M^DPD6 Ghgmugd i kuy js`dsd `injrturd bj mrdsd
> KIBJ^DBDKJGRJ M^DPD6 Ehmjrd `injrturd bj mrdsd, kus`uedturd kus`uedturd
vhshnej jg `dsh tibds eds zigds.
0 JGM^DPDBD6
JGM^DPDBD6 Ed kus`uedturd jstä `dsh titdekjgtj rj`unhjrtd bj mrdsd, `ig
jx`jp`hðg bj ed phjrgd y bj ed jspdebd>  quj dug sj pujbjg vjr jg pdrtj1
ehmjris d demugis jvhbjgtjs bjpðshtis bj mrdsd jg ed `dvhbdb tiräxh`d.
2 J_@JPHSDKJGRJ JGM^DPDBD6 JGM^DPDBD6 Ed kus`uedturd jstä jgtjrdkjgtj
rj`unhjrtd pir mrdsd, mrdgbjs bjpðshtis bj mrdsd jg ed `dvhbdb tiräxh`d.

@IGCI^KD@HÐG

GIKJG@EDRZ^D @D^D@RJ^ËPRH@D
J J_@JEJGRJ6 \jrche mjgjrde `igvjxi1 kus`uedturd kuy nhjg bjsdrrieedbd.
N NZJGD6 \jrche mjgjrde rj`ti1 kus`uedtu
kus`uedturd
rd nhjg bjsdrrieedbd.
^ ^JMZED^6\jrchejs bj rj`tis d `ðg`dvis kus`uedturd js`dsd
H HGCJ^HI^6Ribis eis pjrchejs bjsbj `ðg`dvi odstd kuy `ðg`dvis
kus`uedturd js`dsd

 GIRD6 \drd ugd kjfir vhsudehzd`hðg

vhsudehzd`hðg bj ed `igcirkd`hðg vèdsj
vèdsj je dgjxi B.

4
 Sèdsj Dgjxi @. Mräch`i bj bjgth`hðg.
b jgth`hðg.
>
 Je tjrkhgi jspdebd sj rjchjrj d ed zigd `irrjspigbhjgtj jgtrj eds pdejtds.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD = bj >>

\drd intjgjr ed `edshch`d`hðg bj ed `dr`dsd sj tikdrä jg `igshbjrd`hðg ed gikjg`edturd bj

eis `udbris dgtjrhirjs, pir jfjkpei6

@ 4 N6 tiri fivjg, js`dsd i pi`d mrdsd y `ig ugd nujgd `igcirkd`hðg. Dbh`higdekjgtj d
eis sjeeis ich`hdejs bj hgspj``hðg y bj `edshch`d`hðg, bjnjrä `igshmgdrsj je sjeei i jthqujtd
sjmög jstd `edshch`d`hðg hgcirkdthvd, dsë `iki je bj ed pedgtd cdjgdbird bj pri`jbjg`hd,
cj`od bj cdjgdbi, gökjri bj phjzd y pjsi bj ed khskd. Eis `udejs bjnjräg sjr `iei`dbis
jg `dbd `udrti `ikpjgsdbi.

RH\I @DRJMI^ËD D@DNDBI @IGCI^KD@

@IGCI^KD@HÐGHÐG
J_R^D D 0 J
\^HKJ^D D, @ >,0, 2 J, N
PJMZGBD D,@,Z 4,>,0,2
4,>,0,2 J,N,^
RJ^@J^D G,I 4,>,0,2 J,N,^,H
RJ^GJ^I S

3.  @I^RJP BJ @D^GJ @IKJ^@HDEJP X KJGZBJG@HDP.

BJCHGH@HIGJP

Bje bjspistj bj ed `dgde i `dr`dsd, sj inthjgjg eis shmuhjgtjs `irtjs prhkdrhis6

- Kjbhd `dgde, kjbhd `dr`dsd i phjzd, `irrjspigbj de `irtj eigmhtubhgde bj ugd

`dgde i `dr`dsd.

- @udrti dgtjrhir `ikpjgsdbi (`udrti bjedgtjri)6 @irtj bj ugd kjbhd `dgde,

kjbhd `dr`dsd i phjzd jgtrj ed sjxtd y ed givjgd `istheed (Sèdsj je dgjxi D).

- @udrti pistjrhir `ikpjgsdb

`ikpjgsdbii (`udrti trdsjri)6 @irtj bj ugd kjbhd `dgde,
kjbhd `dr`dsd i phjzd jgtrj ed sjxtd y ed givjgd `istheed, d pdrthr bj ed `ude sj pujbj
intjgjr, eis shmuhjgtjs `irtjs (Sèdsj je dgjxi N)6

- Cdebd

- \hstied
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
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\J^ZDGD ? bj >>

Eujmi bj eds ipjrd`higjs bj bjspistj pdrd ed intjg`hðg bj eis `irtjs `ikjr`hdejs sj inthjgj
rj`irtj, oujsi y mrdsd

- ^j`irtj6 Rrizis bj `drgj quj qujbdg dbojrhbis de oujsi i pir trizis bj `drgj

sinrdgtjs de kikjgti bj pjrchedr i ehkphdr eis `irtjs `ikjr`hdejs. Jg je `dsi bje
bjspistj bje @udrti dgtjrhir, `ikprjgbj eis bhcjrjgtjs kös`ueis quj gi pisjjg
dbj`udbd prjsjgtd`hðg
prjsjgtd`hðg `ikjr`hde, jgtrj eis quj käs sinrjsdejg sj jg`ujgtrdg ed pdpdbd
(`imitj) `uyd ndsj kus`uedr `ikprjgbj d eis kös`ueis trdpj`hi pdrtj `jrvh`de,
 nrdquhi`j
 nrdquhi`jcäeh`i
cäeh`i,, jstjr
jstjrgikd
gikdstihbj
stihbji,
i, jstjrgikd
jstjrgikdgbhnu
gbhnuedr,
edr, jstjrg
jstjrgiohihb
iohihbji,
ji, jstjrg
jstjrgithrihb
ithrihbji,
ji,
edrmi bje `ujeei y rj`ti vjgtrde kdyir, dsë `iki ed kdedyd bj pj`oi quj `irrjspigbj d
eis kös`ueis sjrrdti `jrvh`de vjgtrde y js`dejgi birsde.

- Oujsi6 Rjfhbi ðsji quj `igcirkd je jsqujejti bje dghkde.

- Mrdsd6 Bjgikhgdbi tdknhèg ―sjni‛, `irrjspigbj de tjfhbi dbhpisi bj ed

`dgde i `dr`dsd.

 GIRD6 Eis giknrjs jgtrj pdrègtjshs `irrjspigbjg d ed bjgikhgd`hðg `ikjr`hde uthehzdbd jg

Drmjgthgd.

3.4 @udrti dgtjrhir `ikpjgsdbi (`udrti bjedgtjri)

Rdknhèg bjgikhgdbi ―pj`oi‛. Pj jg`ujgtrd ehkhtdbi `rdgjdekjgtj `ig ed drth`ued`hðg

dtedgti i``hphtde, `dubdekjgtj d ghvje bje jspd`hi hgtjr`istde quj ei sjpdrd bj ed phjrgd y
bhstdekjgtj jg ed drth`ued`hðg `drpi kjtd`drphdgd.

3.4.4  \js`ujzi (dmufd `ig oujsi)6 @irrjspigbj d ed rjmhðg quj `ikprjgbj eds
shjtj vèrtjnrds `jrvh`dejs. Ndsj kus`uedr6 ikitrdgsvjrsi, riknihbji, edrmi bj ed `dnjzd y
je dteds, sjkhjsphgde bj ed `dnjzd, jsphgde y sjkhjsphgde `jrvh`dejs, eigmëshki `jrvh`de,
js`dejgi vjgtrde, ikiohihbji, kuethchbis, hgtjrtrdgsvjrsis `jrvh`dejs. De bjsoujsdrei sj ej
bjgikhgdrä6 pjs`ujzi bjsoujsdbi (dmufd).

3.4.> @imitj (dmufd)6 @irrjspigbj d ed kdsd kus`uedr quj ehkhtd `dubdekjgtj `ig
ed prhkjrd vèrtjnrd tiräxh`d, y `rdgjde y birsdekjgtj d ed deturd bj ed tjr`jrd vèrtjnrd `jrvh`de
jg ug `irtj bhdmigde, bj dbjedgtj od`hd dträs, quj tjrkhgd jg ed ughðg bj ed sèpthkd vèrtjnrd
`jrvh`de `ig ed prhkjrd vèrtjnrd tiräxh`d.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 8 bj >>

3.4.0 @ourrds`i rjbigbi (nhcj dg`oi `ig oujsi)6 Pj unh`d jg ed rjmhðg bje birsi,

`uyi eëkhtj
`iki eëkhtjdgtjrhir js jehgtjr`istde
je jspd`hi `imitj birsdekjgtj y jetiräxh`d,
y ed vèrtjnrd pjs`ujziquj
`rdgjdekjgtj1 `dubdekjgtj
sjpdrd de pj`oi thjgj
bj ed phjrgd.
Rhjgj `iki ndsj ðsjd eds prhkjrds vèrtjnrds tiräxh`ds y je tjr`hi prixhkde bj eds `istheeds
dbojrhbds d jeeds. Ndsj kus`uedr6 trdpj`hi pdrtj tiräxh`d, sjrrdti birsde `rdgjde, eigmëshki
tiräxh`i, hehi`istde tiräxh`i, jsphgde y sjkhjsphgde bje tðrdx, hgtjrtrdgsvjrsi tiräxh`i,
jejvdbir bj eds `istheeds, kuethchbis tiräxh`i. 

3.4.2 Nhcj dg`oi (nhcj dg`oi)6 @ourrds`i rjbigbi bjsoujsdbi

bjsoujsdbi..

3.4.: \j`oi pugtd ( pj`oi

 pj`oi)6 Phtudbi jg ed pdrtj vjgtrde bje pj`oi quj `irrjspigbj d
ed rjmhðg bje jstjrgðg. @ikprjgbj `iki ndsj ðsjd eds `istheeds `irrjspigbhjgtjs de pj`oi jg
su tjr`hi vjgtrde, je jstjrgðg, eds jstjrgjnrds y `drtëedmis jstjrgjnrdejs. Ndsj kus`uedr6
kus`ueis pj`tirdejs, pj`tirde supjrch`hde, pj`tirde bjs`jgbjgtj, pj`tirde trdgsvjrsi, pj`tirde
 pricugbi,
 pricu gbi, sun`edv
sun`edvhi,
hi, rj`ti tiräxh`
tiräxh`i,
i, hgtjr`
hgtjr`istde
istdejs
js hgtjrgis, hgtjr`is
hgtjr`istdejs
tdejs jxtjrgi
jxtjrgis,
s, trdgsvjrsi
trdgsvjrsi
tiräxh`i, pdrtjs bje ineh`ui dnbikhgde jxtjrgi, pdrtjs bje trdgsvjrsi dnbikhgde y pdrtjs bje
rj`ti dnbikhgde.

3.4.3 Dsdbi bj thrd (dsdbi)6 @irrjspigbj d ed pdrtj kjbhd bj eds `istheeds

jstjrgdejs `uyd ndsj ðsjd js je tjr`hi kjbhi bj eds khskds y ed ndsj kus`uedr `ikprjgbj eis
kös`ueis hgtjr`istdejs hgtjrgis y jxtjrgis y pdrtj vjgtrde bje sjrrdti tiräxh`i. Jvjgtudekjgtj,
 prjvhii d`
 prjvh d`ujrb
ujrbii `i
`ikjr`h
kjr`hde
de pujbjg
pujbjg hg`euh
hg`euhrr eds `isthe
`istheeds
eds jjstjrg
stjrgdejs
dejs..

3.4.= Nhcj bj pdejtd (nhcj bj pdejtd)6 Phtudbi jg ed `drd hgtjrgd bje oujsi bj pdejtd
bj cirkd quj su ndsj ðsjd js ed js`äpued y je `drtëedmi js`dpuedr. @irrjspigbj de kös`uei
sunjs`dpuedr.

3.4.? ^jbigbi (`ohgmiei)6 Pj jg`ujgtrd jg ed `drd jxtjrgd y pdrtj dgtjrhir bje

oujsi bj pdejtd. Ndsj ðsjd6 Cisd suprdjsphgisd bj ed js`äpued tjrkhgdgbi jg je `drtëedmi
js`dpuedr. @irrjspigbj de kös`uei suprdjsphgisi.

3.4.8 ^usi (kdru`od)6 Phtudbi jg ed `drd jxtjrgd bje oujsi bj pdejtd, jg su pdrtj
 pistjrhir.
 pistj rhir. Ndsj ðsjd
ðsjd66 js`
js`äpued
äpued y jjee `d
`drtëedm
rtëedmii js`dpu
js`dpuedr.
edr. @
@irrjs
irrjspigb
pigbjj de kös`uei
kös`uei hg
hgcrdj
crdjsphgi
sphgisi.
si.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
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\J^ZDGD 4< bj >>

3.4.4< \dejtd (`drgdzd bj pdejtd)6 Phtudbi jg je ägmuei pistjrhir quj cirkd je oujsi

bj pdejtd rjbigbi
bjetihbjs, `ig je bje nrdzi.
kdyir, Ndsj kjgir,
rjbigbi ðsjd6 js`äpued y oökjri.
`ird`inrdquhde, @irrjspigbj
trë`jps d eisbjkös`ueis
nrdquhde, tjgsir ed cds`hd
dgtjnrdquhde, dg`igji y prigdbir rjbigbi.

3.4.44 Mdrrðg (nrdzujei)6 Pj shtöd jg ed rjmhðg bje nrdzi sinrj je oujsi oökjri.
@irrjspigbj de kös`uei në`jps nrdquhde y de kös`uei nrdquhde. Jvjgtudekjgtj pujbj
`ikprjgbjr de kös`uei jxtjgsir `drpi rdbhde pjrtjgj`hjgtj de isinu`i bj nrdzi.

3.4.4> Isinu`i bj nrdzi (nrdzujei `ig oujsi)6 @irrjspigbj d ed `igfug`hðg ðsji

kus`uedr bj ed rjmhðg bje dgtjnrdzi, su ndsj ðsjd `ikprjgbj de `önhti y oökjri. Ndsj
kus`uedr6 dgtjnrdquhdejs `rdgjdejs6 jxtjgsir `drpi rdbhde, jxtjgsir ineh`ui bje `drpi,
jxtjgsir bhmhtde `ikög, jxtjgsir edrmi bj eis bjbis y jxtjgsir bhmhtde edtjrde1 y,
dgtjnrdquhdejs `dubdejs6 `unhtde  edtjrde, cejxir `drpi  `unhtde, cejxir bhmhtde pricugbi, cejxir
`drpi rdbhde y cejxir bhmhtde supjrch`hde.

3.> @udrti pistjrhir `ikpjgsdbi (`udrti trdsjri) 

Pj inthjgj sj``higdgbi `rdgjdekjgtj bjsbj je sjxti de givjgi jspd`hi hgtjr`istde y

bhstdekjgtj d ghvje bj ed drth`ued`hðg tdrsikjtdtdrshdgd. @udgbi sj od`j jg cirkd kj`ägh`d
je `irtj bhstde sj odrä d ghvje bje jxtrjki prixhkde bje kjtdtdrsi.

@irtjs privjghjgtjs bje `udrti pistjrhir

3.>.4 Cdebd6 Ehkhtd `rdgjdekjgtj `ig je jspd`hi hgtjr`istde bigbj sj rjdehzð je

`irtj, bhstdekjgtj `ig ed rujbd y birsdekjgtj `ig je eiki.

d) Kdtdknrj (kdtdknrj)6  Znh`dbi jg ed rjmhðg edtjrde bje dnbikjg,

`igthgudgbi jg ed pdrtj edtjrde bje pj`oi, sinrj eds `istheeds. @irrjspigbj de kös`uei
`utägji quj pujbj i gi sjr rjthrdbi.

n) Kdedyd (vd`ëi)6 @irrjspigbj d trjs kös`ueis, je kös`uei ineh`ui dnbikhgde

jxtjrgi j hgtjrgi y je trdgsvjrsi dnbikhgde. Ehkhtd `rdgjdekjgtj `ig eds `istheeds,
bhstdekjgtj `ig ed rujbd y edtjrdekjgtj
e dtjrdekjgtj `ig je kdtdknrj.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 44 bj >>

`) Nhcj bj vd`ëi (nhcj bj vd`ëi)6 Shjgj d sjr ed pdrtj bhstde bj ed kdedyd y

`irrjspigbj
itris de kös`uei
kös`ueis ineh`ui hgtjrgi bje dnbikjg. Pj inthjgj sjpdrägbiei bj eis
bj ed kdedyd.

b) @istheedr (dsdbi)6  ^jmhðg `uyd ndsj ðsjd `igshbjrd de tjr`hi `jgtrde bj eds
öethkds `istheeds y eis kös`ueis hgsjrtis jg jeeds.

j) Jgtrdôd (jgtrdôd chgd)6 @irtj quj `irrjspigbj d ed pir`hðg pjrhcèrh`d bje

bhdcrdmkd quj sj chfd de dr`i `istde jg ed ndsj bj ed `istheed y je jstjrgðg. Ndsj
kus`uedr6 kös`uei bje bhdcrdmkd pdrtj pjrhcèrh`d y `jgtri tjgbhgisi
t jgbhgisi pdrtj jstjrgde.

c) \j`oi `jgtri (dsdbi)6 \drtj vjgtrde bje dnbikjg bigbj gi ody `istheeds shgi
`drtëedmis bj prieigmd`hðg y eis kös`ueis dnbikhgdejs hgsjrtis jg jeeis.

3.>.> \hstied (phstied)6 @irrjspigbj d ed phjrgd rjthrägbiej ed cdebd. 

3.>.>.4 Eiki6 @irrjspigbhjgtj d ed ndsj ðsjd bj eds öethkds vèrtjnrds tiräxh`ds y eds

sjhs vèrtjnrds eukndrjs, ehkhtdgbi jg su pdrtj bhstde `ig ed tunjrishbdb `ixde y vjgtrdekjgtj
`ig ed cdebd.

d) @ourrds`i edrmi6 @ikprjgbj `iki ndsj ðsjd eds sjhs vèrtjnrds eukndrjs y
eds öethkds tiräxh`ds, `igfugtdkjgtj `ig eis kös`ueis hehi`istde eukndr y je
eigmëshki, rjtrd`tir `istde, ritdtirjs `istdejs, hgtjrtrdgsvjrsis, trdgsvjrsi jsphgisi y
kuethchbis.

-  Nhcj dgmisti (nhcj dgmisti)6 @irrjspigbj d eis kös`ueis hgsjrtis jg pdrtj

birsde bj eds vèrtjnrds eukndrjs.
-  Nhcj dg`oi  (nhcj dg`oi)6 @irrjspigbj d eis kös`ueis hgsjrtis jg pdrtj
birsde bj eds öethkds vèrtjnrds tiräxh`ds.

n) Eiki `ig `irbðg ( chejtj

 chejtj)6 Znh`dbi jg ed rjmhðg suneukndr, bjndfi bje
`ourrds`i edrmi sjpdrdbi bj èstj pir eds vèrtjnrds bj ed rjmhðg. @irrjspigbj de
kös`uei psids kdyir, psids kjgir, hehd`i y `udbrdbi eukndr. De`dgzd ed jpëchshs
 prixhkde bje cèkur, je `ujrpi bje heh
hehðg,
ðg, eds sjhs vèrtjnrds eukndrjs y eds trjs öethkds
tiräxh`ds.

- Eiki chgi6  @irrjspigbj de `irtj dgtjrhir (d.>) shg je `irbðg, js bj`hr,

rjthrdgbi je kös`uei psids kjgir.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 4> bj >>

`) Oud`odeiki (`jgtri bj jgtrdôd)6 @irrjspigbj d eis phedrjs bje bhdcrdmkd,

js bj`hr,
eds d edvèrtjnrds
prhkjrds pdrtj birsde y `jgtrde bj èstj, chfdbi d ed rjmhðg suneukndr d ed deturd bj
eukndrjs.

3.>.>.> ^ujbd (rujbd)6 \hstied shg eiki.

d) Isinu`i bj phjrgd ( mdrrðg oujsi)6 @irrjspigbj de oujsi bj ed thnhd y d

 mdrrðg `ig oujsi
eis kös`ueis `rdgjdejs y `dubdejs unh`dbis sinrj je khski y chfdbis `rdgjdekjgtj
sinrj je cèkur. Ndsj kus`uedr6 thnhde `rdgjde, jxtjgsir edtjrde bj eis bjbis, pjrigji
edrmi, jxtjgsir edrmi bj eis bjbis, jxtjgsir bje tjr`jr bjbi y pjrigji dgtjrhir1 cejxir
bhmhtde pricugbi, thnhde `dubde, cejxir edrmi bje prhkjr bjbi, cejxir edrmi bj eis bjbis y
ji. 
 pipehtji.
 pipeht

n) \jrd6 ^ujbd shg isinu`i.

- Rdpd (gdemd bj dbjgtri `ig tdpd)6 @irtj rjbigbjdbi shtudbi jg ed pdrtj

hgtjrgd bje kusei, ehkhtdgbi jg su pdrtj bjedgtjrd `ig je pjfjrrjy y jg ed pistjrhir
`ig ed `dnjzd bj eiki. Pj unh`d sinrj je oujsi hsquhðg, punhs y cèkur, ehkhtdgbi
`ig ed tunjrishbdb kjbhde bj ed thnhd. Ndsj kus`uedr6 rj`ti hgtjrgi,
sjkhkjknrdgisi, sdrtirhi, pj`tëgji, dbu`tir, inturdbir jxtjrgi, mjkjeis y
`udbrdbi cjkirde.

- @irdzðg bj tdpd (gdemd bj dbjgtri)6 Pj inthjgj bje `irtj dgtjrhir (vèdsj

dpdrtdbi n.>.4) rjthrdgbi ed `igtrdtdpd.
- @igtrdtdpd (tdpd)6 ^j`ti hgtjrgi (mrd`hehs).

- @dbjrd (`udbrhe ))66 Znh`dbi jg ed rjmhðg pjevhdgd sinrj je oujsi `ixde, hehðg

y cèkur, ehkhtdgbi od`hd bjedgtj `ig ed kdedyd y je eiki y dndfi `ig je `udbrdbi.

- @irdzðg bj `dbjrd  (`irdzðg bj `udbrhe )6 )6  @irrjspigbj d eis kös`ueis

meötji kjbhi, meötji pricugbi y meötji d``jsirhi cushigdbi de meötji kjbhi,
dpiyägbisj sinrj je oujsi `ixde,
- @iehtd bj `dbjrd  (`iehtd bj `udbrhe )6
)6 @irrjspigbj de kös`uei tjgsir bj ed
cds`hd edtd. Pj dpiyd sinrj ed `dnjzd bj eiki.
- Dsdbi bj `dbjrd  (tdpd bj `udbrhe )6)6 Pinrj ed ndsj ðsjd bje oujsi sd`ri y je
oujsi `ixde `irrjspigbj d ed pugtd prixhkde bje kös`uei në`jps cjkirde.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
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><4.<::
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\J^ZDGD 40 bj >>

- @dnjzd bj eiki (nied bj eiki)6 Znh`dbi jg ed pdrtj dgtjrhir bje kusei,

sinrj je `ujrpi
`iehtd bj bje oujsi
`dbjrd od`hd dträs `ixde, cèkur
y dcujrd `ig yje rðtued, ehkhtdgbi
`udbrdbi, od`hd bjedgtj
od`hd dbjgtri `ig ed `ig
tdpd edy
od`hd drrhnd `ig ed kdedyd.
kdedyd. @irrjspigbj d eis kös` kös`ueis
ueis `udbrë`jps cjkirde,
cjkirde, vdsti
edtjrde, vdsti kjbhde, vdsti hgtjrkjbhi y rj`ti cjkirde.

- \jfjrrjy ( pj`jti
 pj`jti)6 Znh`dbi jg ed pdrtj pistjrhir bje kusei sinrj je oujsi
hsquhðg y `de`ägji, ehkhtdgbi od`hd bjedgtj `ig je `udbrdbi y od`hd dndfi `ig ed
tirtumd. @irrjspigbj de kös`uei sjkhtjgbhgisi.

- @udbrdbi (`drgdzd `udbrdbd)6 Znh`dbi sinrj je oujsi `ixde, jxtrjkhbdb

 prixhkde bj ed thnhd y `de`ägji, sj shtöd pir bjedgtj bje pjfjrrjy y ehkhtd dgtjrhir y
edtjrdekjgtj `ig ed tdpd. @irrjspigbj
@irrjspigbj de kös`uei në`
në`jps
jps cjkirde. Jvjgtudekjgtj,
 pibrëd rjthrdrsj jstj `irtj shg sj``higdr je kös`uei, bj kibi quj gi sj pribu`hrëd
je dsdbi bj `dbjrd.

- Rirtumd (tirtumuhtd)6 Znh`dbi jg ed rjmhðg bj ed phjrgd, pir bjträs bje

isinu`i, sinrj je oujsi bj ed thnhd, `ikprikjthjgbi d eis oujsis cèkur y
`de`ägji. Ndsj kus`uedr6 trë`jps `rurde, `igsthtuhbi pir je mdstrigjkhi, sieji y
cejxir bhmhtde supjrch`hde.

- Rirtumd shg mdrrðg  (tirtumuhtd shg ndgdgd)6 @irrjspigbj d eis kös`ueis

mdstrigjkhi y sieji.
- Mdrrðg (ndgdgd)6 @irrjspigbj de kös`uei cejxir bhmhtde supjrch`hde.

3.0  Kjgubjg`hds

3.0.4  Dirtd6 Drtjrhd kdyir bje `irdzðg, shjgbi `ikjr`hdehzdbd sðei ed pir`hðg
 prixhkde. 

3.0.>  Ndzi6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj de ðrmdgi bje khski giknrj. Bjnjrä

jxpjgbjrsj ehkphi y shg rjstis bj mrdsd. 

3.0.0 @dnjzd6 @ikprjgbj eis oujsis bje `rägji y `drd dsë `iki eis tjfhbis
 nedgbis quj eis ribjdg1 hg`euyjg
hg`euyjgbi
bi ejgmud y sjsis. Jxjgtd bj phje, irjfds, `ujrgis y
meägbueds pdrðthbds. \ujbj `ikjr`hdehzdrsj jgtjrd.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
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><4.<::
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\J^ZDGD 42 bj >>

3.0.2 @ied6 @ikprjgbj eds vèrtjnrds `ixëmjds (d jx`jp`hðg bj ed prhkjrd) y eis

tjfhbis nedgbis quj eis ribjdg, ehnrjs bj ed pir`hðg tjrkhgde bje dpdrdti bhmjsthvi.

3.0.: @irdzðg6 @ikprjgbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj je ðrmdgi bje khski giknrj, pujbj

i gi jstdr privhsti bj drtjrhds, vjgds, durë`ueds y mrdsd. Pj rj`ikhjgbd jxpjgbjrsj dnhjrti y
ehnrj bj `idmueis.

3.0.3 @rhdbheeds6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj d eis tjstë`ueis, ehnrjs bj `irbðg

jspjrkäth`i.

3.0.= Jstðkdmis6 @igsthtuhbi pir je rökjg i ―pdgzd‛, je rjtë`uei i ―rjbj`heed‛,

ehnrheei, ikdsi i ―rd`oh‛ y dnikdsi i ―`udfi‛. Bjnjräg jxpjgbjrsj ehkphis, jxjgtis bj
ku`isd, prj`i`hbis y ehnrjs bj trhpds.

3.0.? Oëmdbi6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj de ðrmdgi bje khski giknrj y

bjnjrä jxpjgbjrsj ehnrj bj vjsë`ued nhehdr y mdgmehis dbyd`jgtjs.

3.0.8 Ejgmud6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj de ðrmdgi bje khski giknrj y de

trig`i i ndsj bj ed khskd (dmdeed), ehnrj bj eds meägbueds sunehgmudejs. \ujbj i gi hg`euhr
je oujsi ohihbjs, jg `dsi quj gi ei eejvj sj bjgikhgdrä ―ejgmud ehkphd‛.

3.0.4< Kieejfd nedg`d6 @irrjspigbj de thki.

3.0.44 Kieejfd gjmrd6 @irrjspigbj de päg`rjds

päg`rjds..

3.0.4> Kigbigmi6 @irrjspigbj de rukjg. \ujbj i gi `ikjr`hdehzdrsj `ig je

rjtë`uei.

3.0.40 \dtds6 Khjknris dgtjrhirjs y pistjrhirjs bje dghkde cdjgdbi. @ikprjgbj

eis oujsis kjtd`drpis, kjtdtdrsis y eds cdedgmjs, dsë `iki eis tjfhbis nedgbis quj eis
ribjdg. Bjnjräg jxpjgbjrsj shg pjeis gh pjzuôds.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 4: bj >>

3.0.42 \uekigjs6 Bjgikhgdbi tdknhèg ―nicj‛, `irrjspigbjg dgdtðkh`dkjgtj d

eis ðrmdgis bje khski giknrj.

3.0.4: ^hôigjs6 @irrjspigbjg dgdtðkh`dkjgtj d eis ðrmdgis bje khski giknrj y

bjnjräg jxpjgbjrsj bjsprivhstis bj mrdsd pjrhrjgde y shg `äpsued.

3.0.43 Pjsis6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj de jg`ècdei (`jrjnri, `jrjnjei y nueni

rdquëbji) `igchgdbi jg ed `dvhbdb `rdgjdgd.
`rdgjdgd.

3.0.4= Rrhpd bjemdbd06 Bjgikhgdbi tdknhèg  ―@oig`oieë‛. @irrjspigbj de

hgtjsthgi bjemdbi, je `ude bjnjrä `ikjr`hdehzdrsj ehnrj bj mrdsd kjsjgtèrh`d y prj`i`hbd.

3.0.4? Rrhpd mrujsd6 @irrjspigbj de hgtjsthgi mrujsi. Pj `ikjr`hdehzd prj`i`hbd.

3.0.48 Znrjs6 @irrjspigbj dgdtðkh`dkjgtj d eds meägbueds kdkdrhds, ehnrjs bj

 phje, pjzigjs y tjfhbi mrdsi pj
pjrhcèrh`i.
rhcèrh`i.

=.  ^JTZHPHRIP \D^D EDP @DGDEJP I @D^@DPDP, @I^RJP BJ

@D^GJ X KJGZBJG@HDP

=.4  Mjgjrdejs

=.4.4 Bjnjg pri`jbjr bj dghkdejs sdgis, cdjgdbis ndfi hgspj``hðg vjtjrhgd

vjtjrhgdrhd
rhd y
bj pedgtds cdjgdbirds i `dkdejs dutirhzdbis pir ed dutirhbdb `ikpjtjgtj.

=.4.>  Bjnjg `ukpehr `ig ed GR\ ><4.<4?.

=.4.0   Gi bjnjräg tjgjr rjshbuis bj dgthnhðth`is, `igsjrvdb

`igsjrvdbirjs,
irjs, dnedgbdbirjs
dnedgbdbirjs i
sustdg`hds quj pir su gdturdejzd dtjgtjg `igtrd ed sdeub bje `igsukhbir.

0
  Jg je `dsi bje hgtjsthgi bjemdbi uthehzdbi `iki jgvieturd pdrd ed hgbustrhd, sj `ikjr`hdehzd `rubi y
bjnhbdkjgtj sdghthzdbi pdrd su pistjrhir `urd`hðg.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 43 bj >>

=.4.2  Bjnjräg `ukpehr eis rjquhshtis chfdbis pir eds girkds bje @ibjx

Dehkjgtdrhus sinrj ^jshbuis bj \edmuh`hbds y Dbhthvis Dehkjgtdrhis.

=.>  @drd`tjrësth`ds irmdgieèpth`ds

=.>.4  Dspj`ti mjgjrde, bjnjg prjsjgtdr ug nujg tjrkhgdbi.

=.>.>  @ieir, rifi `jrjzd `drd`tjrësth`i.

=.>.0  Ieir, suh mjgjrhs y jxjgti bj `udequhjr ieir dgirkde.

=.>.2  @igshstjg`hd, chrkj y jeästh`d de td`ti, tdgti ed mrdsd `iki je tjfhbi

kus`uedr.

=.0  @drd`tjrësth`ds cësh`i-quëkh`ds

 pO jgtrj
jgtrj ::,:
,: y 3,2

=.2  @drd`tjrësth`ds kh`rinhieðmh`ds

kh`rinhieðmh`ds (`drgj ccrjs`d
rjs`d y `igmjedbd)

^j`ujgti bj kh`riirmdghskis djrinhis kjsðcheis Kjgir d 4<3 uc`/m

Bjtj``hðg bj Pdekigjeed Dusjg`hd jg >: m
^j`ujgti bj Js`ojrh`ohd `ieh  Kjgir d 4<> uc`/m
 Gukjrd`hðg bj
bj nd`tjrhds ps
psh`rðcheds
h`rðcheds Kjgir d 4<: GK\/m
^j`ujgti bj `iehcirkjs titdejs Kjgir d 4<> uc`/m
 Gukjrd`hðg bj
bj Ptdpoyei`i``us durjus  Kjgir d 4<> GK\/m

=.:  Rjkpjrdturd y pri`jbhkhjgtis bj `igsjrvd`hðg pir crëi

c rëi

Eds tjkpjrdturds y pri`jbhkhjgtis pdrd ed `igsjrvd`hðg pir crëi6 rjcrhmjrd`hðg y

`igmjed`hðg bjnjräg sdthscd`jr eis pdräkjtris tj`gieðmh`is bj uthehzd`hðg quj dsjmurjg y
 prjsjrvjg ed `dehbdb bj ed ``dr`dsd
dr`dsd y bj tibds eds pir`higjs `i
`ikjsthnejs
kjsthnejs bj ed khskd
khskd..
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 4= bj >>

=.:.4  ^jcrhmjrd`hðg

Ed tjkpjrdturd jg ed zigd bj dekd`jgdkhjgti sj bjnjrä kdgtjgjr jgtrj ‐> ¼@ y 2 ¼@. Eds

`dr`dsds y `irtjs sj bjnjräg dekd`jgdr bj kibi bj jvhtdr je bjtjrhiri y ed kuethpeh`d`hðg
bj kh`riirmdghskis. Pj bjnjrä hgspj``higdr y bjspd`odr tjghjgbi jg `ujgtd ugd dbj`udbd
ritd`hðg y kdgtjghjgbi eds `igbh`higjs bj ehkphjzd j ohmhjgj quj mdrdgth`jg ug nujg
jstdbi sdghtdrhi bj eds
e ds `äkdrds.

=.:.>  @igmjed`hðg

Eds `dgdejs i `dr`dsds, `irtjs y kjgubjg`hds quj jstäg bjsthgdbis d ed `igsjrvd`hðg pir
`igmjed`hðg, bjnjräg sjr sikjthbds d ug pri`jsi bj `igmjedkhjgti räphbi odstd eejmdr d
ugd tjkpjrdturd käxhkd bj ‐4? ¼@ jg je gö`eji. Eujmi bj ed `igmjed`hðg eis pribu`tis
bjnjräg pdsdr d ugd `äkdrd bj dekd`jgdkhjgti d ugd tjkpjrdturd käxhkd bj ‐4? ¼@ .

=.3  Rrdgspirtj

Eis vjoë`ueis quj sj utheh`jg pdrd je trdgspirtj bj dghkdejs vhvis bjsbj ed zigd bj
 pribu``hðg bjnjg sjr dbj`udb
dbj`udbis
is de chg pjrsjmuhbi y bj kdtjrhdejs bj `igstru``hðg quj
 pjrkhtdg ugd ehkphjzd titde. Bjnjräg ehkphdrsj, bjshgcj`tdrsj y `igsjrvdrsj bj kibi quj
gi `igsthtuydg ugd cujgtj bj `igtdkhgd`hðg.

Eis vjoë`ueis bjsthgdbis de trdgspirtj bj `dr`dsds, `irtjs y kjgubjg`hds rjcrhmjrdbis

bjnjräg jstdr privhstis bj shstjkds bj rjcrhmjrd`hðg i sjr hsitèrkh`is bj kdgjrd quj
dsjmurj ugd tjkpjrdturd bj rjcrhmjrd`hðg gi kdyir d 2 ¼@ .

Jg je `dsi bje trdgspirtj bj pribu`tis `igmjedbis, eis vjoë`ueis bjnjräg `igtdr `ig ug
shstjkd bj rjcrhmjrd`hðg dbj`udbi quj pjrkhtd kdgtjgjr tjkpjrdturds bj `igmjed`hðg
(-4? ¼@) jg je pribu`ti.

Ed `drri`jrëd bjnjrä sjr bj kdtjrhdejs dhsedgtjs j hkpjrkjdnejs quj pjrkhtdg su cä`he

ehkphjzd.
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 4? bj >>

=.=  Jgvdsj y jkndedfj

Pj rj`ikhjgbd quj eis `irtjs pri`jbjgtjs bj nivhgis sjdg `ikjr`hdehzdbis jgvdsdbis i

jkpd`dbis, `ig ed chgdehbdb bj mdrdgthzdr ed hgi`uhbdb bje pribu`ti y tjgjr ug `igtrie
dbj`udbi bj su pri`jbjg`hd kjbhdgtj je rituedbi.

=.=.4  Je jgvdsj y jkndedfj bjnjräg sjr hgi`uis y gi bjnjräg `ikugh`dr ieirjs i

sdnirjs jxtrdôis de pribu`ti.

=.=.>  Eis kdtjrhdejs bj jgvieturd bjnjräg sjr ehkphis j ohmhègh`is.

=.=.0  Je jgvdsj y jkndedfj bjnjräg sjr hkpjrkjdnejs rjshstjgtjs y pritjmjräg de

 pribu`ti.

=.=.2  De jehkhgdr je jgvdsj, gi bjnjräg qujbd

qujbdrr rjshbuis bj èstj sinrj ed `drgj.

=.?  ^ituedbi

Jg `dsi bj jstdr jgvdsdbds i jkpd`dbis bjnjräg `ukpehr `ig ed GK\ <<4 y ed ejmhsed`hðg
vhmjgtj.

?.  DGRJ@JBJGRJ

?.4   GR\ ><4.<

><4.<::6><
::6><<0
<0 @D^GJ X \^IBZ \^IBZ@RIP @RIP @D^GH @D^GH@IP.
@IP.
Bjchgh`higjs y rjquhshtis bj eds `drgjs rifds
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD 48 bj >>

DGJ_I D
(HGCI^KDRHSI)

@I^RJP BJE @ZD^RI DGRJ^HI^

\JP@ZJVI

@IMIRJ

@OZ^^DP@I ^JBIGBI NHCJ DG@OI

\J@OI \ZGRD

DPDBI BJ RH^D

@ZD^RI DGRJ^HI^
NHCJ BJ \DEJRD

^JBIGBI

^ZPI

\DEJRD

MD^^IG

IPINZ@I BJ N^DVI
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD >< bj >>

DGJ_I N
(HGCI^KDRHSI)

@I^RJP BJE @ZD^RI \IPRJ^HI^

Kdtdknrj

Kdedyd Nhcj bj vd`ëi

@istheedr
Cdebd

Jgtrdôd

\j`oi @jgtri
Nhcj dg`oi

@ZD^RI \IPRJ^HI^ @ourrds`i Edrmi

@igtrdtdpd

Eiki

Eiki `ig @irbðg Eiki Chgi

Oud`odeiki
\hstied

Isinu`i bj \hjrgd
@irdzðg bj tdpd

Rdpd
^ujbd @igtrdtdpd

@irdzðg bj `dbjrd

\jrd @dbjrd @iehtd bj `dbjrd

 Dsdbi bj `dbjrd

@dnjzd bj eiki

\ j jr
jrrj

@udbrdbi

Rirtumd shg mdrrðg

Rirt
Rirtu
u d

Mdrrðg
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD >4 bj >>

DGJ_I @
(HGCI^KDRHSI)

@^IGIKJR^ËD BJGRD^HD

S D  @ 
BHJGRJP BJ EJ@OJ > BHJGRJP 2 BHJGRJP
\J^KDGJGRJP \J^KDGJGRJP

Z  G I 
3 BHJGRJP ? BHJGRJP ? BHJGRJP
\J^KDGJRJP \J^KDGJGRJP \J^KDGJGRJP @IG
 GHSJED
 GHSJED@HÐG
@HÐG BJ EIP
EIP
PJMZGBIP KJBHDGIP
 

 
 GI^KD RÈ@GH
RÈ@GH@D
@D GR\ ><4.<
><4.<::
::
\J^ZDGD >> bj >>

DGJ_I B
(HGCI^KDRHSI)

@IGCI^KD@HÐG

J_@JEJGRJ (J) NZJGI (N) ^JMZED^ (^) HGCJ^HI^ (H)