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“ఉ�త ��ల �దయ్ �ం�ష�” �వ్� ��వ�, ��య్ల� ��న �దయ్ ఉ�తం� + �లభం� + ఆకరష్�యం� +
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ఈ �ం�ల� ఉ�తం� ఆ� �� చ��ట�, ��మ�(��ల్�) ��ట� గల ��గ్�:

1) �హ� ప�ల్�ష�స్ �� : www.mohanpublications.com
2) ఉ�త ��ల �దయ్ �ం�ష� �� : www.freegurukul.org
3) �� : https://sites.google.com/site/sairealattitudemanagement
4) �� ఆ�: Free Gurukul
గమ�క: భ�త్,�ఞ్న,ధరమ్ ��రధ్ం ఉ�తం� eBook �పం� �హ� ప�ల్�ష�స్ �� స�యం� ఇవవ్డం జ��ం�.
ఇ� ��రజ్న దృ�ట్�� ఉ�త �వ. ఈ �వ� అంత�జ్లం��(ఇంట�న్�) ��స్ / �� అభయ్ంత�� అ��నన్
�సత్�ల� ��ంచటం జ��న�. అ��ం� ఏ�� అభయ్ంతరకర�న� ఉనన్� �� ప మన�, ��
�ల�ంచగల� అ� మన� ��ం��న్�.
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P[ºáêó Ñ≤`«~°ã¨Î fi~°…ºO QÆ$Ç¨Ï‚O `«fiÑ≤K«™È=∞áê ÉèíHÍÎ#∞„QÆÇ¨Ï^•O ^ÕgO – „áê^Œ∞~°∂ƒù`åO #=∂q∞`åfiOI
Jyflëêfi`åÎk Ñ≤`«$Éè’º#=∞ó I W^Œ=∞~°…ºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ II 13 QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó ^è•ºÜ«∂q∞ ^è•º# Ñ¨Ù+¨ÊO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ II

3
P"åÇ¨Ï#O : JÑ¶¨∞Hõ∆Ü«∞ Hõˆ~^Õq – K«O„^ŒK«∂_» „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞-#¿Ñ¶∞ PÉèí~°}O : ã¨∞ã¨∂„`« „QÆkè`«O k=ºO I Ñ¨q„`«O Ñ¨~°=∞O â◊√ÉèíO
x[~°∂ÑÖ ã¨=∂^è•Ü«∂ – ã¨=∂QÆKåÛù„`« â’Éèí<Õ QÆ$Ç¨} HõO~î° Éèí∂ëê~°÷O – QÆOˆQ QÆOQÍ^èŒ~° „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
FO Ç≤Ï~°}º=~å‚O ....... =Ç¨ FO ‰õ∆ΩuÊáê™ê ..... QÆ$Ç¨`ü
NQÀ^•=Ô~Âº#=∞ó I P"åÇ¨Ï#O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I PÉèí~°}Ïx ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
Pã¨#O : J#O`å|Ì^Œà◊ Ñ¨„`«O – J#O`åYºO =∞Ç¨ã¨#O QÆO^èŒO : Hõ~°∂Ê~åQÆ~°∞ Hõã¨∂Îs – ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂_è»ºO =∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°O
M
¿ÇÏ=∂„k ˆHã¨~°O ã¨=∞ºQÍºã¨<å~°÷O „Ñ¨HõeÊ`«O QÆ$Ç¨} K«O^Œ#O ^Õg – QÀ^•=i #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ
O
FO `åfiO=∞ P=Ç¨ .... #Ç¨ÏO FO QÆO^èŒ^•fi~åO ....... „tÜ«∞O
.C
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞óI Pã¨<åˆ~ú ~°`«flã≤OÇ¨ã¨#O ÑïHõÅÊÜ«∂q∞. N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I N QÆO^èŒO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
.C
ã¨Ñ¨ffl ÉèÏ~°=∂Ç¨`«‡ºO Hõe`åHÍ =∞ÉèÏã¨∞ˆ~
S
JHõ∆`å<£ : JHõ∆`å<£ ^èŒ=àÏ<£ k"åº<£ âßbÜ«∂<£ `«O_»∞ÖÏO â◊√ÉèÏ<£
S
QÆ$Ç¨}Ï~°…ºO =∞Ü«∂^Œ`«ÎO – „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡} „`å} HÍ~°}Ë
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JHõ∆`åO"Õ∞ =∂Ü«∂^Õg „Ñ‘`«º~°úO „ÑüQÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO
N
FO Jâ◊fiÑ¨Ó~åfiO .... A+¨`åO FO =∞#ã¨óHÍ=∞ ....Ü«∞â◊ó
IO
IO
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I Ç¨Ïã¨ÎÜ≥∂^Œ~°… ºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I JHõ∆`å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
: Ö’HÀ`«Î~° â◊≈OHõ~°™êÎ fi – =Ú`«Î=∂OˆQ-d Éèí~°ÎÜ«∞`ü
T
T
áê^ŒºO ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ „^Œ"åºÅ∞ : ÔH·ÖÏã¨"åã≤h ^Õg Hõã¨∂Îs uÅHÍ^èŒˆ~
A
A
áê^ŒºO QÆ$Ç¨} ¿ÇÏQÆOˆQ – áêÑ¨ÉèíOˆQ ÉèíÜ«∂=¿ÇÏ H“oh yi*Ï ^Õg ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞O =∂`«$ˆH~°ÊÜÕ∞
IC
IC
FO HÍ™Èã≤‡`åO ....„tÜ«∞O QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞óI ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂k ™œÉèÏQÆº „^Œ"åº}˜ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó áê^ŒºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞
L
L
Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ : =∞e¡HÍ-â’Hõ Ñ¨Ù<åflQÆ – K«OÑ¨ HÍKÀ`«ÊÖÏxK«
B
PK«=∞#O : `«fi^Œ∞^Œ∂ƒù`«O =∞Ç¨Ñ¨Ù}ºO L^ŒHõO Ç¨Ïº=∞$`À =∞Ç¨Ï
B
QÆOˆQ=∞Ü≥∂Ñ¨g`åx – Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ „Ñü QÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO
U
QÆ$Ç¨}ÏK«=∞#O QÆOˆQ Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂ ÉèíHõÎ=`«ûÖË
U
FO Hõ~°Ì"Õ∞#.......‰õΩÖË
P
FO K«O„^•O „Ñ¨Éèí™êO ... `åfiO=$}Ë
P
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞.
N
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I =ÚMË PK«=∞#O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
N
A
ÑÖKå=∞$`«™êfl#O : H©∆~À^Œkè ã¨=Ú^Œ∂ƒù`«O – H©∆~°O ™êfl<å~°÷ =Ú`«Î=∞O
A
J^ä•OQÆ Ñ¨Ó*Ï
H
=∞Ü«∂ ™êfl<å~°÷ =∂h`«O – ã‘fi‰õΩ~°∞`«fiO #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ
H
O
FO Pk`«º=ˆ~‚ ...... JÅH©;ó FO Ñ¨^Œ‡<åÉèí Ñ¨^À^Œƒù"åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – áê^Ò Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
O
M
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞óI ÑÖKå=∞$`« ™êfl#O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. FO QÆ∞}„`«Ü«∞ ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}ˇÂº #=∞ó – QÆ∞Ö∫Êù Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
M
FO [QÆ[˚#<≥Âº #=∞ó – *Ï#∞h Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞

â◊√^Àú^ŒHõO : ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨ t~°¿ã ^Õg – Ñ¨q„`«O q=∞ÅO[ÅO FO [OÑ¶¨∂Ñ≤`« „Ñ¨ÉèíO[<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – [O¿Ñ¶∞ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
™êfl<å~°÷O Ü«∞`«û=∂h`«O – ~°∞„^ŒÑ¨ffl #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ FO TsHõ$`ÕÉèí <å™ÈÑ¨=∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – T~°∂O Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I â◊√^Àú^ŒHõO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. FO Hõ@∞qxi˚`« Ñ¨Ùe<åÉèÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – Hõ\ Õ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
=GO : Åã¨f ˆH∆=∞Ü«Ú`«O ^Õg – QÆ∞}Ïf`Õ-#∞HõOÑ¨Ü«∂ FO #=~°`«fl HÍOK«# Éèí∂+≤`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – <åaèO Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
=∞Ü≥∂Ñ¨g`«O â◊√ÉèíˆQ – QÆ$Ç¨} Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fis FO =~°^•<åã¨HõÎ z`åÎÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – =Hõ∆ã¨÷ÅO Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
FO L"≥·`«∞ =∂O^Õq ...... ^Œ^•`«∞ÜÕ∞ FO Hõ|e`« ã¨fi~°‚ ‰õΩOÉèí `«∞ÖÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – ‰õΩKÒ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I =GÜ«ÚQÆ‡O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. FO Éèí∞=<å Éèí~°} ~°Hõ∆}ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – Éèí∞*∫ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞

4
FO Hõ@HÍOz`« =∞}˜|O^è<Œ åÜ≥∞ÿ #=∞ó – Hõ~“ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO =∂x<≥Âº #=∞ó FO Q“`«=∂Ñ¶¨∞ ãÖÇ¨ÏÔ~Âº #=∞ó
FO HõfiWf ¢^≥Âæ"ÕÜ«∞ ~°Ol`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó– HõO~î°O Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO Hõ~åÉÏ˚Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Éèí∂hÖÏk ãÖ¿ãq`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO h~°*ÏÔH∆Âº #=∞ó – <Õ„`Ò Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO =∞`üã≤OÇ¨ã¨<Õâ◊fiÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO =∞Ç¨<å™êÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO Hõ„^Œ∞ =∞}˜ ‰õΩO_»ÖÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó – Hõ~“ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO =H∆ÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Ç¨<Õ„`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO #=QÆO^èŒ Ñ¶ë<å™êÜ«∞ #=∞ó – <åã≤HÍO Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO Ñï*Ï˝<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞<À~°^ä•Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
M
FO [QÆ[˚#<≥Âº #=∞ó – t~°ó Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞
M
FO N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó – ã¨~åfi}ºOQÍx Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ FO [\ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO <å"≥∞Âfl# #=∞ó
O
FO ã≤`åã¨<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Ç¨=∞`≥Âº #=∞ó
.C
.C
FO PQÆ=∞ ãÖ"Õ^•ºÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Ç‘ÏÉèí∂+¨}ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO "Õ^•O`« „Ñ¨nÑ≤`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO â◊`åOQÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
S
N QÀ^•=i JëÈì`«Î~° â◊`«<å=∂=o
S
FO t=[\ÏE@ x"å™êÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO k"åº=∞$`« "åÇ≤Ï<≥Âº #=∞ó
N
FO N QÆOQÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^Œ#O`«Ñ¶¨Å^•Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Éèí„^•ã¨# =∞^èŒº™ê÷Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =Úxãü |$O^Œ¿ãq`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
IO
IO
FO =∞Ç¨ ^Õ"≥Âº #=∞ó FO c*ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO HõiÛ`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Åáê^Œ∞HÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO HõÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO Hõ~å=~åÎÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO g}ÏQÍ#Ö’Å∞áêÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞`«∞û~°|$O^Àã¨`«∞¯KåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
T
T
FO Ñï„QÆÇ¨Ü≥ÿ∞ Q“`«"≥∞Âº #=∞ó F O FO [Ü«∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO z„`åOÉèí~°^èŒ~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO qÅã≤`« `«~°Oy}ˇÂº #=∞ó
A
A
Éèí"å<≥Âº #=∞ó FO q~ål`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^•Ñ¨QÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO QÀÇ¨Ï`åºáêáœÑ¶¨∞ Ç¨Ïi}ˇÂº #=∞ó
IC
IC
FO =∂„`Õ #=∞ó FO =¸ÖÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^ŒOaHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ¢ã‘Î Ç¨Ï`åºÑ¶¨∞ x"åi}ˇÂº #=∞ó
L
FO QÆ∞}ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
L
FO [Ü«∂xfi`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^Œ∂ƒù=∞^èŒº=∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Q“`«=∞ `«áÈÜ≥∂QÆ ãÖÉèí∂`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
B
B
FO âßOHõÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO =ã¨∞O^èŒ~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^Œ∞Ñ¶¨∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO HõOK«∞Hõ ^è•i}ˇÂº #=∞ó
U
FO t"åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO `ÀÜ«∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^ŒÅHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞O„`«~å[ Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^•Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
U
P
FO ^Œ∞~°O^èŒ~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =ÚMÏºÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ‰õΩK«^ŒfiÜ«∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO yi=~å`«‡*ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
P
N
FO ^Œ∞~åæÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO xˆH`«<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ^ŒO`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO J^Œ∞ƒù`« Kåi„`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
N
A
FO Ñ¨^•OÉè’*ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO qÖÏã≤<≥Âº #=∞ó FO Hõ=KåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =`åûOH˜`« =H˜∆}ˇÂº #=∞ó
A
H
FO =∞O„uÑ¨Ù~°ã¨∞O^ŒÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO „Éèí∂Ü«ÚQÍ‡Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO HÍOK«#Ñ¨ÙëêÊÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Ñ¨Ù~å}˜"≥∞Âº #=∞ó
H
O
FO HÍoÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^ŒOÉÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO HÍtHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Éèí∂+¨}Éèí∂+≤`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
O
M
FO Ñ¨^•Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ã≤OÇ¨ã¨#ã≤÷`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨~°fiÑÖ_ç`«ãÖÑ¨Ó*ÏºÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
M
FO =∞kOk~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO [OÑ¶¨∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO q„QÆÇ¨Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO PQÆ=∞ =∞Ç¨ #^≥Âº #=∞ó
FO K«„Hõ^è•i}ˇÂº #=∞ FO ÉèíQÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO qâıëêÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO tëêìk =Úxã¨Î=hÜ«∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO =∞^•ƒÖÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞`«∞¯K«„Hõ~ål<≥Âº #=∞ó FO ÉèÏëêÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨Ñ¨Î^è•<åQÍ~åxfi`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fiÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO =∞^èŒº=∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ^èŒ~å`«‡*ÏÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO PQÆ=∞ =∞Ç¨ #^≥Âº #=∞ó
FO K«„Hõ~å[ xÅÜ«∂Ü≥ÿ∞#=∞ó FO qâßÖÏÔH∆Âº #=∞ó FO <å~åÜ«∞} Ñ¨^•|˚*Ï =∞~°O^•Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =tëêìk =ÚxÎ=hÜ«∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO Hõ~å‚Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO q^•ºÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∂`«$ãÖQÆ=∞ áê=<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨Ñ¨Î^è•<åQÍ~åxfi`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
FO Ñü „=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Ç¨#^≥Âº #=∞ó FO =∞^Àæ^•=s =∞Ç¨ #^≥Âº #=∞ó
FO =∞^Àæ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó FO Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó <å<åq^èŒ Ñï=∞à◊ Ñ¨„`« Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞

5
^èŒ∂ÑÖ : ^ŒâßOQÆO QÆ∞QÆ∞æÖ’¿Ñ`«O ã¨∞QÆO^èŒO ã¨∞=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°O #=∞™ê¯~°O : =∞O^•H˜h #=∞ã¨∞ÎÉèíºO #=∞¿ãÎ ã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`Õ
^èŒ∂ÑÖ QÆ$¿ÇÏ} ^Õ"Õt ã¨~°fi™œYº q=~°‚"Õ QÀ^•=i #=∞ã¨∞ÎÉèíºO Ç¨Ï~°QÆOˆQ #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ
FO PÑ¨¢ã¨û[O`«∞ ...... ‰õΩÖË N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I #=∞™ê¯~å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº#=∞óI ^èŒ∂Ñ¨=∂„Ñ¶¨∂Ñ¨Ü«∂q∞ J<Õ# ^è•º<å"åÇ¨Ï<åk â’_»ëÈÑ¨Ñ¨Kå~° Ñ¨Ó[<Õ#
nÑÖ : Ju=~Àæ [˚fiÅOnÑÖ J*Ï˝<åO^èŒ q<åâ◊#O ã¨~åfiu‡HÍ N QÀ^•=s ^Õ=`å ã¨∞„Ñ‘`å ã¨∞„Ñ¨ã¨<åfl
M
*Ï˝#„Ñ¨^ŒO =∞Ç¨QÆOˆQ QÆ$Ç¨} ã¨∞~°=∞Okˆ~ =~°^ÀÉèí= – „Ñ¨™ê^ŒO QÆ$Ç¨‚q∞.
O
FO P¢~åÌO Ñ¨Ù+¨¯i}©O .... =∞=∂=Ç¨Ï
O
.C
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I nÑÖ ^Œ~°≈Ü«∂q∞
.C
J#flO K«`«∞ifi^èŒO ^Õg ~°Ãã·+¨¬_çƒã¨ûxfi`«O
J^äŒ |$Ç¨Ïã¨Êu Ñ¨Ó*Ï~°OÉèíó
S
<≥·"Õ^ŒºO :
S
x`«º `«$Ñ≤ÎHõˆ~ QÆOˆQ <≥·"Õ^ŒºO „ÑüQÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO
N
PK«=∞º, ˆHâ◊"åÜ«∞ ™êfiÇ¨ ............NHõ$ëê‚Ü«∞#=∞ó I <å=∞^èÕÜ«∞=`åºó =∞=∞
N
FO P¢~åÌÜ«∞ó Hõ~°}©O .... =Ç¨Ï PK«O`« – „=`« HõÖ’ÊHõÎ ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚ ã¨HõÅ Ñ¶¨ÖÏ"åÑ¨Îº~°÷O – |$Ç¨Ïã¨Êu Ñ¨Ó*ÏO Hõi¿+º
IO
IO
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I <≥·"Õ^ŒºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ – `«^ŒOQÆ „Ñü=∂â’^èŒ#O Hõi¿+º I „Ñü=∂O – ãÖâ’^èŒº I JáêºÜ«∞ – ã¨∞QÆO^èÕ I
T
=∞^èÕº =∞^èÕº áêhÜ«∞O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞
T
^Œkè„HÍ .... i+¨`«∞I ã¨∞„Hõ=∞ã≤ ..... ~°t‡aèó I =∞^èŒ∞"å`å – Éèí=O`«#ó I ™êfi=∞ó
A
L`«Î~åáÈâ◊#O Ñ¨Ó~åfiáÈâ◊#O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞
A „Ñ¨ã¨ã¨fi .... J^è•Éèíºó I `åâ◊≈~°¯~° – HÍ=∞ã¨º I PáÈÇ≤Ïëêª .... ^è•K«#ó I „Ñü=∂O
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FO `åfiO P=Ç¨Ï ..... #Ç¨ÏO I FO Jã¨∞h`Õ .... Ç¨ÏfiÜ«∞`Õ I „áê}„ÑüëêªÑ¨# =ÚÇ¨˙~°Î....ã≤÷~ÀÉèí= I W+¨ìHÍ=∂º~°÷
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N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I `åO|∂ÅO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. Ñ¶¨Åã≤kú`ÀÉèí= I `«^ŒOQÆ HõÅâß~å^èŒ#O Hõi¿+º II
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^ŒHõ∆} : ã¨∞=~°‚O ã¨~°fi^è•`«∂<åO „âı+¨ªO ^Õg=~°O ã¨^•
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N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I ^ŒH˜∆}ÏO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
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â’¡II PQÆK«Ûùk`«∞û~åKå~°º – ã≤OÇ¨Ïã¨÷ ã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`«
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h~å[#O [QÆnƒ[O h~°*Ïã¨# =Ok`Õ `«= Ñ¨Ó*ÏO q^è•<åºq∞ – Q“`«=∂º ã¨Ç¨Ï`«ã¨º"≥·
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FO =∞â◊√Ûzó „Ñ¨Ü«∞f .... [¿Ñ`ü
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N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I h~å[#O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. â’¡I P"åÇ¨Ï#O – ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨j~å¬Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ––– QÆ∞ÅO ^è•º#O K«`«∞~°∞ƒù[O ^Õ=
QÆ∞~°∞O Ñ‘`åO|~° ^èŒ~°O qÉèí <å<åÅOHÍ~° – ~°∞z~°O #=∂q∞
=∞O„`«Ñ¨Ù+¨ÊO : „|Ç¨‡„ktY~À^Œ∂ƒù`Õ „uHõ@Hõ q~ål`Õ ã¨∞~°=Ok`« II
Q“`«g∞ „áêi÷`Õ ^Õg Ñ¨ÙëêÊO[e^Œ^•=∞ºÇ¨Ï
FO P#O^Œó.... ^Õ=`å II â’¡I Pã¨#O – Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ U "Õ^Œ#O ––– Ç¨Ïu |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`Õ I ã¨∞~å^èŒºHõ∆ –
ã¨~fi° HÅõ ‡+¨<åâ◊# I ã≤OÇ¨ã¨#O ~°`fl« =∞Ü«∂ – QÆ$Ç¨} ã¨∞~°ÑÓ¨ l`«II
„Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆} : „Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆}O Hõ~À=∞º^Œº Q“`«=∂-Ñ¶¨∞ q<åth
ã¨~°fiáêÑ¨Ç¨Ïˆ~ ^Õg QÀ^•=i #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ â’¡I áê^ŒºO – =`å"å#ã¨º=∞Ç≤Ï – kqI ~°HÍÎOÉè’~°∞Ç¨Ï ™ê~å_è»º I
N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I „Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆}O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. #g<åÜ«∞`«Ö’K«# I QÆ$Ç¨} áê^Œº=∞Ñ¶¨∞ – ã¨∞~å}ÏO K«Ç≤Ï`Õ~°`«I

6
â’¡I J~°º… O – „uáê^Œ∂~°úºL"≥· – Jaè I ã¨∞~å^èŒºHõ∆ =∞Ç¨ÉÏÇ¨ÏŸ
QÆ∞~À`«= #=∞ã¨¯ $`«I J~°…ºO QÆOQÍ[Ö’¿Ñ`«O QÆ$Ç‘Ï‚_»fiã¨∞~°ã¨`«Î=∞ N |$Ç¨Ïã¨Êu JëÈì`«Î~° â◊`«<å=∂=oó
â’¡I PK«=∞#O – `«™ê‡^Œfi~å[*ÏÜ«∞`« – Ñ¨Ù~°ó I ^ŒO_®Hõ∆ã¨∂„`«=~°^•
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â’¡I â◊√^Àú^HŒ õ ™êfl#O– Ü«∞`«∞Ê~°∞¿+} – ~°qó I Åã¨#‡‰õΩ@ =∂}˜Hõºâ’Éèí
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â◊√^ŒúOQÆOQÍ[Öˇ·â◊√≈Éèˇ·ó JáêºÜ«∞¿ãºu – ÑÖKå=∞$`«™êfl#O. FO ÉèíÜ«∂Ñ¨Ç¨Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO Ç¨Ï~°ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó
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FO POw~°™êÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO POw~°™ê|Ì ~°Ol`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
â’¡I =GÜ«ÚQÆ‡O – ã¨áêÎ™êºã¨<£ –––Ñ¨â◊√O ã¨fi~°‚=~°‚=∞Ü«∞O "å™È – FO J^èŒ~åfiã¨HÍÎÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO POw~°™ê=∞Ö’^Œƒù"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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QÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO „QÆÇ¨Ï<åÜ«∞HõI QÆ∞~À ÉèíˆHÎ+¨ìÑ¶¨Å^Œ – ã≤ O Ç¨ Ï ã¨ ÷ FO z„`«tYO_ç*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ã≤O^èŒ∞^ÕâßkèáêÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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Hõ$Ñ¨Ü«∂=∞~Ú II FO |$Ç¨Ï¢^ŒæO^ä•Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO nè=∞`Õ #=∞ó
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â’¡I Ü«∞*’˝Ñg¨ `«O – `«O Ü«∞[˝O|i›+≤ – Ü«∞â◊ÛÜÕ∞ I LÑ¨g`«O =∂Ü«∂g`«O FO QÀK«~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨fi~°‚ =~å‚Ü«∞ #=∞ó
#=`«O`«∞ qxi‡`«O I „|Ç¨Ï‡„QÆOkè ã¨=∂Ü«ÚHõÎO – QÆ$Ç¨}
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FO QÀÑü „Ñ≤Ü«∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO K«`«∞~°∞ƒù*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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qÉèí∞^Õâ◊fi~å II A FO QÆ∞}˜<Õ #=∞ó FO ¿ÇÏ=∂OQÆ^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó
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FO QÆ∞}=`åO „âıëêªÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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â’¡II QÆO^èŒO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ – FO ¿ÇÏ=∞=$¿+ #=∞ó
`«™ê‡^Œº*Ï˚`«û~°fi – â◊ÛÜÕ∞ I FO QÆ∞~°∂}ÏO QÆ∞~°"Õ #=∞ó FO PKå~åºÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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Hõ~°∂Ê~åQÆ~°∞ Hõã¨∂Îs ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O K«O^Œ#O t=O FO J=ºÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO ^•#Ç¨Ï~°ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó
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ã¨~°fiâß¢™êÎ~°÷ `«`«fi[˝ – ã‘fi‰õΩ~°∞+¨fi #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ FO *ˇ·„`Õ #=∞ó FO ã¨∞~°=∞O„u}Ë #=∞ó
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`«™ê‡^Œº[˚`«û~°fi –––– Ü«∞`« JHõ∆`å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ FO [Ü«∞O`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO qqHÍÎÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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â’¡II Ñ¨ÙëêÊù}˜ I `«™ê‡^Œâßfi^Œ*Ï ––– J*Ï=Ü«∞ó
N
FO r"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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K«OÑ¨HÍâ’Hõ Ñ¨Ù<åflQÆ ––– ˆH`«H© =‰õΩàÏxK«
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FO J#O`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ^•#ã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó
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J<åºxK« #∞Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ – ã‘fi‰õΩ~°∞ kfi[<åÜ«∞Hõ II
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FO kè+¨}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =t<Õ #=∞ó
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FO k=ºÉèí∂+¨}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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FO =âßºÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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J^è•OQÆÑ¨Ó*Ï FO ^Õ=Ñ¨Ól`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =iëêªÜ«∞ #=∞ó
M
~°HÍÎO|∞[ Ñ¨^•Ü«∞#=∞ó áê^Ò Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ I QÆ∞~°∞"Õ#=∞ó QÆ∞Ö∫ÊùÑ¨Ó[ I FO ^èŒ#∞~°÷~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO "åyfiK«Hõ∆}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó
[QÆkfif`åÜ«∂#=∞ó – Ñ¨Ó*ÏI r"åÜ«∞#=∞ó – [O¿Ñ¶∞Ñ¨Ó[ I w+¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó FO ^≥·`«ºÇ¨ÏO„`Õ #=∞ó FO z`«Îâ◊√kú Hõ~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
T~°∂ I ã¨∞~åKå~åºÜ«∞#=∞ó Hõ\ ÕÑ¨Ó[ I ã¨∞~°=Ok`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó L^Œ~°O Ñ¨Ó[ I FO ^ŒÜ«∂™ê~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
=∞Ç¨`«‡<Õ #=∞ó I <åaèOÑ¨Ó[ I WO„^Œ=~°^•~Ú<Õ #=∞ó =Hõ∆ã¨÷ÅO Ñ¨Ó[ I P*Ï#∞ FO N=∞`Õ #=∞ó
ÉÏÇ¨Ï"Õ#=∞ó – ÉÏÇ¨˙<£ Ñ¨Ó[ I HõOK«∞HõO~îåÜ«∞#=∞ó – HõO~î°O Ñ¨Ó[I ~°`«fl‰õΩO_»Å FO ^ŒÜ«∂Hõ~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO *ˇ·„`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
^è•i}Ë #=∞ó – Hõˆ~‚Ñ¨Ó[ I ã¨∞<å™êÜ«∞#=∞ó – <åã≤HÍO Ñ¨Ó[ I ã¨∞=^Œ<åÜ«∞#=∞ó FO ^•i„^Œº<åâ◊HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ¿ÇÏ=∞Éèí∂+¨} Éèí∂+≤`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
– =^Œ#O Ñ¨ÙO_»sHÍH∆ÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó <Õ„`ÒÑ¨Ó[ I |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó t~°ó Ñ¨Ó[ I FO ^èŒ<åºÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO Ñ¨Ù}º<å^è•Ü«∞ #=∞ó
ã¨~åficè+¨ì Ñ¶¨Å„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó I ã¨~åfi}ºOQÍx Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ I FO ^ŒH˜∆}ÏÜ«∞# ãÖÉèÏ"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO Ñ¨Ù+¨º~åQÆ=∞}˜ #=∞ó

7
FO =∞^èŒº=∞O_ç`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ^èŒ<åºÜ«∞ #=∞ó ^èŒ∂ÑÖ : Ü«∞`«∞Ê~°∞+Ö .... LKÕº`Õ
FO HÍâ◊Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê ã¨=∂<åÉèÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO w+¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó =#ã¨Ê`«∞º~°ƒù"Õ iÌ"≥Âº ~åfl<åQÆO^è≥· ã¨∞ãÖÜ«Ú`«O
FO Hõe^À+¨ x"å~°HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO yiâßÜ«∞ #=∞ó P„¿Ñ¶∞Ü«∞ã¨û~°fi^Õ"å<åO ^èŒ∂áÈÜ«∞O „ÑüQÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO
FO W¢<åÌk ^Õ=`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO J#Ñ¶¨∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó nÑÖ : „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}Àã¨º......*ÏÜ«∞`«
FO ^Õ"ÕâßÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO nè=~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó ™œ[ºO „u=iÎ ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎ =Ç≤Ïfl<åÜ≥∂l`«O „Ñ≤Ü«∞O
M
FO ^Õ=`åcè+¨ì`å~°HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO |∞∞Hõ∆~åt =∂~°æ „Ñ¨Kå~°HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó QÆ$Ç¨} =∞OQÆà◊O nÑÖ ¢`≥·Ö’HõºO uq∞~åÑ¨Ç¨
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FO J==∂# |ÖÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨^•#<åÌÜ«∞ #=∞ó
K«O„^Œ=∂ =∞#™È ... *ÏÜ«∞`«
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FO ã¨~°fiQÆ∞} ã¨=∞$kfiÉèÏã¨∞~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ã¨`«ºã¨<åúÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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FO ã¨`«ºãÖHõÅÊ =∂#™êÜ«∞ #=∞ó <≥·"Õ^ŒºO +¨„_»™È¿Ñ`«O – <å<å=ºO[# ãÖÜ«Ú`«O
FO Éèí∂ã¨∞~åcè+¨ì^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó
S
FO qâ◊fiÜ≥∂#"Õ #=∞ó ^Œ^è•º[ºÉèíHõ∆ ºO ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎO – ãÖQÆ$Ç¨}Ï-Ñ¶¨∞<åâ◊#
FO Éèí∂iÜ«∞â◊¿ã #=∞ó
N
FO JÜ≥∂x*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó =∞^èÕº=∞^èÕº áêhÜ«∞O ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞.
FO Ñ¨Ù}º=~°ú<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
IO
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FO ^èŒ~°‡~°∂áêÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO |∂~°∞ƒù"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó `åO|∂ÅO : <åÉèÏº P¿ã ^ŒO`« ...JHõÅÊÜ«∞<£
FO ^èŒ#^è•„`Õ #=∞ó
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Ñ¨ÓwÑ¶¨Öˇ·ã¨º Hõ~°∂ÊÔ~· ~åflQÆ=m¡ ^Œà‹·~°∞º`«O
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FO J^èŒºH∆ÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó
FO ÉèíÔ~ÂÎº #=∞ó
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FO ^èŒ#^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó
A =ÚHÍÎ K«∂~°‚ ã¨=∂Ü«ÚHõÎO `åO|∂ÅO „ÑüQÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO.
FO r"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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FO ^èŒ~°‡áêÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =∞Ç¨|ÖÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó h~å[#O : "Õ^ŒÇ¨Ï"Õ∞`«O ........^•¿ãÎ
FO ã¨~°fi"Õ^•~°÷ P*Ï˝Ü«∞ #=∞ó
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FO |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó h~å[#O [QÆr˚=O – h~å*Ïã¨# =Ok`«
L
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FO ã¨~åfiÑ¨kfix"å~°HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó ÉèíHÍÎiÎ ÉèíO[#O ^Õ=O – ã‘fi‰õΩ~°∞+¨fi =∞Ü«∂iÊ`«O
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FO HÍâ◊º¿ÑÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó
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FO ã¨~°fiáêÑ¨„Ñ¨â◊=∞<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ^ŒÜ«∂=`Õ #=∞ó
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FO ã¨fi=∞`å#∞QÆ~åQÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó =∞O„`Ñ« Ù¨ +¨ÊO : ^è•`åÑ¨Ù~°™êÎ .....q^Œº`Õ
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FO â◊√ÉèíÅHõ∆}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó
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J[OeO `«= ^•™êºq∞ – ã¨~°fiÑ¨Ù+¨Ê=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°O
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FO |∞∞ˆQfi^Œ áê~°QÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO Jcè+¨ì Ñ¶¨Å^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó
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QÆ$Ç¨} `å~°HÍ~°∂Ñ¨ ã¨~°fi^Õ"åaèÑ¨Ól`«.
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FO Ñ¨Ù~ÀÇ≤Ï`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO N=∞`Õ #=∞ó
A
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FO HÍÅ*Ï˝Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO â◊√Éèí„QÆÇ¨Ü«∞ #=∞ó „Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆}O : Ü«∞*Ë˝# ......^Õ"å
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FO HÍÅ|∞∞yfi„`Õ #=∞ó #=∞¿ãÎ ^Õ= QÆ∞~°"Õ – #=∞¿ãÎ qÉèí∞^•kèÑ¨
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FO ã¨∞~åKå~åºÜ«∞ #=∞ó
`«"≥∂-Ñ¶¨∞ <åâ◊<Õ `«∞ÉèíºO – #=∞¿ãÎ Ö’Hõ=Ok`«
O
FO |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó
M
FO ^Õ"åã¨∞~°ã¨∞Ñ¨Ól`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó
M
FO JcèëêìÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO z`«ÎQÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó N |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆} #=∞™ê¯~å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞

FO ã¨∞~åKå~åºÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO Éèí∂Ñ¨`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó =∞O„`«Ç‘Ï#O ......ÜÕ∞
FO ã¨∞~å~å^è•ºÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ˆHâ◊"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó J#Ü«∂â’_»ëÈÑ¨Kå~° Ñ¨Ó[<Õ# I N |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`« ^Õ=QÆ∞~°∞
FO ã¨∞~°HÍ~°ºÇ≤Ï`«OHõ~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO <å~åÜ«∞}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó ã¨∞û„Ñ‘}Ï`åã¨∞
FO w~åfi} áÈ+¨HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =∂^èŒ"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó `«`«ó Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° Ñ¨Ó*ÏO ‰õΩ~åº`ü
N |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó qq^èŒ Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞. ãÖHõÅÊ=Ú KÕã≤ q+¨µ‚ JëÈì`«Î~° / ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∂~°Û#`À Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ã¨∂HõÎ
–/– q^è•#OQÍ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°∞x Ñ¨ÓlOK«=Öˇ#∞.

8
QÀ^•=s Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÅÖ’ Ñ≤O_» „Ñ¨^•#=Ú – q^è•#=Ú
12 ~ÀAÅÖ’ KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# ^•#^èŒ~°‡=ÚÅ∞ â’¡II P^Ò Ñ≤`å `«^ä•=∂`å ™êÑ¨ffl [#h `«^ä•
~À ã≤^•úãÖ∂`«~°s`åº
º ^Œ$H˜û^•úOu
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Q“`«=Úx =Å# Hõey# âßÑ¨=Ú WO„^Œ∞_»∞ áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘#∞@ =ÚÖ’¡Hõ "åã¨∞Å∂ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍqOK«∞ ÃÑ¶∂~°"≥∞ÿ# ãÖ„QÍ=∂Ö’¡ QÍqOz# #~°"Õ∞^è•xH˜ x+¨¯ $QÆeyOK«∞
Pâ◊Û~°º=ÚQÍ K≥Ñ¨CH˘# ™êQÍ~°∞. Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°∞x =ÚYº=ÚQÍ Éèí∂Ö’HÍxH˜ =K«∞Û#@∞¡ ^•<åkèHõ=ÚÅ∞ ÖˇHõ¯ÖË#xfl KÕ™ê_»∞.
KÕÜ«∞ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOz =∞Ç¨Ï~°∞¬ÅO^Œ~°∂ „|Ç¨Ï‡^Õ=Ùx ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ <Õy J`«x #<ÕHõ q^è•Å ã≤OÇ¨Ï~åtÖ’ |$Ç¨Ïã¨Êu „Ñ¨"tÕ Oz# „áê~°OÉè=í Ú# 12 ~ÀII P ãÖ=`«û~åO`«#
„áêiúOKå~°∞. „|Ç¨Ï‡ Hõ~°∞}Õz =∞Ç¨Ï~°∞¬ÅO^Œih J_»∞QÆQÍ ''F Hõ=∞ÖÏã¨<å! 12 ~ÀII QÀ^•=s #kH˜ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=ÚÅx JO`«Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞#fl#∂ ~å[ ~åA P Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°
Éèí∂Ö’Hõ"åã¨∞Öˇ·# =∂#=ÙÅ∞ ÜÕ∞^Àq^èŒ=ÚQÍ áêÑ¨=Ú KÕã¨∞ÎO\Ï~°∞. "åi áêáêxfl ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# ^Õâ◊=Ú #Å∞=¸ÅÅ‰õÄ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëâß_»∞. P
ÉÏÑ¨Ù@ `«=∞ Hõ~°Î=º=Ú. Hõ#∞Hõ `«=∞~°∞ =∂ÃÑ· Hõ~°∞}Õz Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°∞x Éèí∂Ö’HÍxH˜ ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú á⁄_»=Ù<å ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú# ~ÚO\Õ\Ï HõÖÏº}=Ú =Öˇ ã¨=∞ãÎ̈
=K«∞Û#@∞¡ J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«O_ç—— Jx n#=ÚQÍ, Ö’HõHõÖÏº}=Ú H˘~°‰õΩ QÍqOK«∞ â◊√Éèí=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#@∞¡ [#∞Å∞`åûÇ¨#O^•Ö’¡ ^ÕeÜ«∂_»∞#@∞¡ `«y# ÜÕ∞~åÊ@∞¡
=∞Ç¨Ï~°∞¬Å „áê~°÷# =∞xflOKå_»∞ „|Ç¨Ï‡^Õ=Ù_»∞. QÍqOKå_»∞.

11
#QÆ~åxH˜ Dâß#ºk‰õΩ¯QÍ 70 "≥∞àÿ ¡◊ ^Œ∂~°=∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ <åã≤H‰õ Ωõ „Ñ¨H¯õ #∞#fl ''„`«ºO|Hõ=Ú——
„H©I â◊I 1024 ãÖI QÀ^•=s Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=Ú# QÍqOz# ^•#=ÚÅ∞ J<Õ Ñ¨Ù}ºã¨Å÷ =ÚÖ’ Ñ¨Ù\˜,ì PˆQflÜ∞« =ÚQÍ ^ŒH¯õ #∞ Ñ‘~É°î ∂íè q∞ÃÑ· „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOz 1,12,000
K«^Œ∞~°Ñ¨Ù "≥∞ÿà◊¡ P~°QÍ}˜ #∞O_ç ^Œ∞q∞H˜ KÕi# "å# h\˜`À 900 "≥∞ÿÅ∞¡ ^Œ∂~°=Ú
QÆ∞~°∞_»∞ ã≤OÇ¨Ï~åtÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „Ñ¨"ÕtOz# P ãÖ=`«û~å~°OÉèí=Ú# "≥Ú^Œ@ 12 „Ñ¨Ü«∂}=ÚKÕã≤ `«∂~°∞Ê Hõ#∞=∞ÅÖ’ K˘~°|_ç z=~°‰õΩ |OQÍàÏMÏ`«=ÚÖ’
~ÀII QÍqOz# ^•#=ÚÅ∞. PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâ◊=Ú# ™êQÆ~°=Ú# Hõeã≤Ok.
M
^Œâ◊q^èŒ ^•#=ÚÅ∞ – ëÈ_»â◊q^èŒ ^•#=ÚÅ∞ Ñ≤O_» „Ñ¨^•#=Ú ¿ÇÏ=∞„âß^Œú=Ú
M
PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ß# „Ñ¨Ü∂« }=Ú QÍqOz# ^Œ∂~°=Ú 225 "≥∞àÿ √◊ § ''„`«ºÜ«∞O|Hõ=Ú——
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– ã¨ ∞ =~° ‚ „âß^Œ ú = Ú. ~° [ `« „âß^Œ ú = Ú, #=~° ` « fl „âß^Œ ú = Ú#∞ ~å[ ~åA
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Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=∂kÜ«∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ 12 ~ÀAÖÖ’ ã¨∞Hõq, ÑÖ_ç`«, =~°∞Å‰õΩ ÖˇHõ¯ÖË#@∞¡ XHõ H˘O_»ÃÑ· Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# z#flHÀ<Õ~°∞ =O\˜k P H˘O_»‰õΩ 690 "≥∞@∞¡#flq. H˘O_»~åà◊¡
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^•#=ÚÅ∞ QÍqOKå_»∞. ~ÚO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k f~°÷ „âß^Œú=Ú. nxx `«# Ñ≤`«$ QÆ∞OÑ¨ÙÖ’ JHõ¯_» HõÑ¨Ê|_ç LO_Õ XHõ ~åu`À K≥Hõ¯|_ç# =ÚY=Ú <À\˜#∞O_ç
K«∞Hõ¯K«∞Hõ¯Å∞QÍ KÕi ã¨#flx ^è•~°QÍ *ÏiÑ¨_»∞K«∞#fl QÀ^•=iÖ’ ''=∞Or~° – =∂<Õ~°∞
S
Ñ≤`å=∞Ç¨ïÅO^ŒiH© Hõeã≤ =K«∞Û#@∞¡ KÕ~ÚOKå_»∞.
– „áê}Ç≤Ï`« – WO„^•=u – â◊|i—— J<Õ ÑÖK«#^Œ∞Å∞ HõÅ∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú ''áêÖòÑ¶¨∂@∞——
N
=∞Ç¨ =∞Ç¨ïÅQÆ∞ ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞x HÍÅ=Ú# QÆÅ *’ºuifi^Œ∞Å#∞ ~°ÑÊ≤ Oz H˘O_»ÅÖ’ Ñ¨Ù\˜#ì ''=∞Or~å#k—— =∞Ç¨ ~å¢+=ì¨ ÚÖ’ QÆÅ <åO^Õ_∞» lÖÏ¡ ''H˘O_»Å"å_ç——
IO
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"åi "åi âßG=ÚÅÖ’ QÆÅ qq^èŒ q+¨Ü«∞=Ú ã¨=∞#fiÜ«∞=Ú "åiKÕ`« KÕ~ÚOz =^ŒÌ HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. HõsO#QÆ~°∞ lÖÏ¡ ã≤iã≤ÖÏ¡ H˘O_»ÅÖ’ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# ''=∂<Õ~°∞#k——
12 #^Œ∞ÅO^Œ∞ 12 ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅÖ’ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=ÚÅ∞ =zÛ##∂ XHõ¯ QÀ^•=i#kˆH
T
T
=∞Ç¨^Õ=Ñ¨Ù~°O =^ŒÌ HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. PkÖÏÉÏ^Œ∞ lÖÏ¡Ö’ QÆÅ z#∂fl~°∞ =^ŒÌ
A
"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ 12 ~ÀAÅ∞. P ãÖ=`«û~åO`«=Ú# 12 ~ÀII Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° Ñ¨q„`« k#=ÚÅ∞QÍ
A ''„áê}Ç≤Ï`«#k—— ‰õÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. ~¸ „áê}Ç≤Ï`« #k XHõ #k=∂„`«=Ú HÍ^Œ∞ ''"å~åú
P<å\˜ "åi x~°‚Ü«∂#∞ ™ê~°=ÚQÍ <Õ\ ˜H˜h J^Õq^èŒ=Ú H˘#™êQÆ∞K«∞#flk. `«H˜¯#
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– ÃÑ<£QOÆ QÆ – #Ü«∞<£ QÆOQÆ ~¸ „u"Õ}ã© O¨ QÆ=∞"Õ∞ „áê}Ç≤Ï`« #k ~¸ „áê}Ç≤Ï`«‰Ωõ
11 #^Œ∞Å‰õÄ ~¸ q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# „áê~°OÉèí, JO`«º Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=ÚÅ∞ ^ÕxH© ÖË=x "å~°∞ =O^Œ"≥∞ÿà◊√§ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ<Õ `≥ÅOQÍ}, #∞O_ç =∞Or~° – KÕiOk. P `«~°∞"å`«
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L
x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. „áê}Ç≤Ï`«——‰õΩ =ÚÑ¨Êk "≥∞ÿà◊√§ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ Éèí„^•K«ÅO `åÅ∂HÍ ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞ K«∞\˜ì
B
B
=ÚÑ¨Êk =¸_»∞HÀ@∞¡ ^Õ=`«ÅO^Œ~∂° Ñ¨q„`«"∞≥ #ÿ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°f~°=÷ Ú QÀ^•=i#n=∞ =zÛ# ''WO„^•=u——Ü«Ú JHõ¯_çH˜ =O^Œ"∞≥ àÿ √◊ § ^Œ∂~å# ~ˆ HõÑe¨ ¡ H˘O_»Å#∞ K«∞\˜=ì zÛ#
U
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`«e¡Ö’ Hõeã≤ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ LO_»∞@ =Å¡ "å~°∂ ã¨=∞ã¨Î f~°ú=ÚÅÖ’ Hõeã≤ ''ã¨"Õs—— J<Õ â◊|i#k KÕ~°∞@`À Ñ¨_»=∞\˜ Hõ#∞=∞ÅÖ’Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# Ñ≤Å¡ QÀ^•=i `«e¡
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QÀ^•=i#kÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí=Ú# QÆÅ 12 ~ÀII ÅO^Œ∂, P ãÖ=`«û~åO`«=Ú# 12 QÀ^•=iQÍ `«∂~°∞Ê Hõ#∞=∞Å#∞ KÕiOk. H˘xfl „Ñ¨^âÕ =◊ ÚÅO^Œ∞ ~Ô O_»∞ ~Ô O_»∞#fl~"° ∞≥ àÿ §◊
N
N
~ÀAÅO^Œ∂ xez Ü«Ú#flO^Œ∞# QÀ^•=s Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åxH˜ ~ÚO`«Q˘Ñ¨Ê „áê=ÚYº=Ú "≥_»Å∞ÊQÍ ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOzOk.
A
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=zÛOk. JO`«Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ~¸ QÀ^•=iH˜ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÖˇ<Àfl =zÛ<å, ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞
H
Ñ¨\Ïìaè+≤‰õΩÎ_≥·# Ô~O_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ<å_»∞ =zÛ# Q“`«g∞ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=Ú (1024 H©ÅHõ D â◊|i#k qâßYlÖÏ¡ Ñ¨~°fi`åÅÖ’ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì "åÜ«∞=º=ÚQÍ „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOz
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ãÖII ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ¨^Œ â◊√^Œú K«qu P<å\˜ #∞Oz ^Õâ◊q^ÕâßÅÖ’ QÆ∂_® Ü≥∞O`À Q˘Ñ¨Ê H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ |ã¨Î~°∞ lÖÏ¡ ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌQÍ K«∞@∞ìH˘x Ü«Ú#flk. â◊|i KÕi# `«~°∞"å`«
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„áê=ÚYº`« =zÛOk. [#∞Å Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∂Ö’¡ ~¸ #n=∞`«e¡ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=∞#QÍ<Õ `«∂~°∞ÊHõ#∞=∞Å =^ŒÌ‰õΩ =K«∞ÛãïH˜ "≥_»Å∞Ê`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ #∞<åfl áêÑ≤H˘O_»Å =∞^èŒº
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P#O^Œ`«~°OQÍÅ∞ Lá⁄ÊOy á⁄~°∞¡`å~Ú.) =∂~°æ=Ú# K˘K«∞ÛH˘x „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOK«=Åã≤ =zÛOk. áêÑ≤H˘O_»Å #_»∞=∞ xO_»∞QÍ
200 J_»∞QÆ∞Å ^Œ∂~°=ÚQÆ∂_® LO_»^Œ∞.
áÈÅ=~°=Ú `«~°∞"å`« ã¨=∞`«Å=ÚÖ’ „Ñ¨"ÕtOz, ~ÚHõ™êQÆ~° ãÖQÆ=∞ ^Œ$+≤ì`À
QÀ^•=i #n q=~°=Ú `«# `«#∞=Ù K«~°=∞ ^Œâ◊Ö’ #∞#fl^Œx QÍÉ’Å∞, ^•# ^èŒ~å‡Å∞ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞#fl ^èŒ#=O`«∞x
=∞#ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊=ÚÖ’ QÆOQÍ#k `«~°∞"å`« QÀ^•=i#^Õ Q˘Ñ¨Ê =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k. =Öˇ „Ñ¨*ÏÇ≤Ï`« HÍ~°º^•~ÚÜ«∞~ÚOk.
P~°∞"ÕÅ J_»∞QÆ∞Å Ü≥∞`«∞Î 200 JOQÆ∞àÏÅ =~°¬áê`«=Ú QÆÅ Ñ¨_»=∞\˜ Hõ#∞=∞ÅÖ’ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú =K«∞ÛãïH˜ 4 1/2 "≥∞àÿ √◊ § "≥_Å» ∞Ê JO^Œ∞H˘#flk QÀ^•=i
QÀ^•=i [x‡Oz Jˆ~aèÜ«∂ ã¨=Ú„^•xH˜ 50 "≥∞ÿà◊§ ^Œ∂~°=∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ ÉÁOÉÏ~Ú ~ÚkQÀ^•=i K«i„`«.

12
ã¨~°fiãÖÑ¨^ŒÅ∂ ‰õÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. |OQÍ~°=Ú`À Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°∞x KÕã≤Ñ¨ÓlOz ^•#q∞zÛ# "åiH˜
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=Ú# KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# ^•#=ÚÅ∞ K«„Hõ=iÎ Ü≥∂QÆ=Ú Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. =∞OK«=ÚÅ∞ ^•#"≥Ú#i¿ãÎ =∞¿ÇÏO„^ŒÖ’Hõ=Ú#
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÅ∞ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# J#O`«~°=Ú 3= ~ÀA 5= ~ÀA#, 7= ~ÀA#, Ç¨ÏOã¨`∂« eHÍ`«ÅÊ=Ú# Ç¨~ÚQÍ #∞O^Œ∞~°∞. ~åy K≥O|∞ ^•#q∞zÛ# „|Ç¨Ï‡Ö’Hõ=Ú
9= ~ÀA# f~°ú=∞O^Œ∞ „âß^ŒúHõ~°‡Å∞ J`«ºO`« L`«Î=∞=ÚÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. `À@Å∞ ^•#"≥Úãÿ# "å~°∞‰õΩÉË~°Ö’Hõ=ÚÖ’ #∞O^Œ∞~°∞. ÑÖ@á⁄Å=Ú
Ñ≤`$« Hõ~‡° Å∞ QÍqOz# Ü≥∞O`À „âı+Oª¨ J=HÍâ◊=Ú ÖËx"å~°Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ 12 k#=ÚÅÖ’ ~ÚzÛ# t=Ö’Hõ=Ú# #∞O^Œ∞~°∞. ^è•#º=Ú ^•#q∞zÛ# QÆ~°∞_»Ö’Hõ=Ú# #∞O^Œ∞~°∞.
M
ÜÕ∞ k#"≥∞#ÿ #∂, JO`«º=∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ 12 k#=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ÜÕ∞ k#=∞O^≥#· #∂ „âß^ŒHú ~õ ‡° Å∞ Ñ¨@∞ì=G=Ú ÖÁãÿ# ^Õ=Ö’Hõ=Ú# #∞O^Œ∞~°∞.
M
O
QÍqOK« =K«∞Û#x âßG=Ú K≥Ñ¨CK«∞#flk.
O
12 ~˘IIÅ∞ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=Ú# KÕÜ«Ú ^•#=ÚÅ∞
.C
.C
Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# 12 ~ÀAÅ∂ `«ÑÊ¨ ‰õΩO_® ™êfl#"≥ÚiOz# "åiH˜ XHõÅHõ∆
QÀ^•#=ÚÅ∞, Ñ¨k"ÕÅ Jâ◊fi"Õ∞^èŒ Ü«∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ KÕã≤# =∞Ç¨Ñ¨Ù}ºÑ¶¨Å=Ú Åaèã¨∞ÎOk. 1= ~ÀA, |OQÍ~°=Ú, "≥O_ç QÀ=ÙÅ∞, LÑ¨C, ~°`åflÅ∞
S
"åi "åi â◊H˜Î##∞ãïOz ÜÕ∞ ^•#=ÚÅ∞ KÕã≤##∞ J#O`« Ñ¶¨Å=ÚÅ∞ Åaè™êÎ~Ú. 2= ~ÀA, =G=ÚÅ∞, QÀ=ÙÅ∞, LÑ¨C, ~°`åflÅ∞
N
K«„Hõ, Kå=∞~°, JO^ÀoHÍ^Œ∞Å∞, QÆ$Ç¨Ï, â◊Hõ@, ^è•#º, Éèí∂=G, â◊Ü«∂º, QÆ*Ï, 3= ~ÀA, ÉˇÅ¡=Ú, ‰õÄ~°Å∞, ÑÖ_»∞¡, QÆ∞=∞‡_çHÍÜ«∞
IO
IO
Jâ◊fi, Hõ<åº, uÅ, ã¨~°ã¨fif („QÆO^èŒO) #=~°`«fl ~°l`«, ã¨∞=~°‚=ÚÅ∞ Ç¨Ï$^ŒÜ«∞ 4= ~ÀA, <≥~Úº, #∞=ÙfiÅ∞, #∂<≥, `Õ<≥, áêÅ∞
T
T
Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ=ÚQÍ ~¸ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# ^•# "≥Úãÿ# "åiH˜ Ü≥∞#ÖËx Ñ¨Ù}º=Ú 5= ~ÀA, ^è•#ºO, P=ÙÅ∞, Z^Œ∞ÌÅ∞, |O_ç, <åQÆe
A
A
Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k. Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°ã=¨ ∞Ü«∞O 12 ~ÀAÅ∞ xÜ«∞`åÇ¨~°∞Öˇ· ~¸ ^•#=ÚÅÖ’ Ü«∞^è•â◊HÎ˜ 6= <å_»∞, F+¨^èŒ∞Å∞, Hõ~°∂Ê~°=Ú, Hõã¨∂Îi, K«O^Œ#=Ú
IC
IC
^•#O KÕã≤#"å~°∞ ~ÚK«Û@ ã¨~°fiÉè’QÍ Å#∞ÉèíqOz q+¨µ‚Ö’HÍ# âßâ◊fi`«=ÚQÍ 7= <å_»∞, WÅ∞¡, ÃÑ>ˇì, =∞OK«=Ú, "Õ∞<å, Q˘_»∞QÆ∞Å∞, Kå=∞~°=Ú
xeÛÜ«ÚO\Ï~°∞.
L
8= <å_»∞, QÆO^èŒO, K≥Hõ¯, Ñ¨ÓÅ^ŒO_»Å∞, =Ú`åºÅÇ¨~åÅ∞.
L
B
B
9= <å_»∞, Ñ≤`«$ „âß^Œú=ÚÅ∞, ^ŒH˜∆}Å∞, Hõ#º, =∂<åºÅ∞

Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# ^•#"≥ÚãÖy# Ñ¶¨Å=ÚÅ∞
U
U
10= <å_»∞, „|Ç¨Ï‡ – q+¨µ‚ – =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞Å – „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ „Ñü=∞Å∞
P
™êÅ„QÍ=∞=Ú ^•#=Ú KÕã≤#"å~°∞ =∞Ç¨~åAÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~°∞. 12 ~ÀII Ñ≤O_»
P
11= <å_»∞, =G=ÚÅ∞, "åÜ«∞<åÅ∞
N
„Ñ¨^•#=Ú KÕã≤# "åi "åi Ñ≤`«$ ^Õ=`«Å∞ Ñ¨~°=∂#O^ŒO á⁄O^Œ∞^Œ∞~°∞.
N
12 <å_»∞, HõqÑÖ_ç`«∞Å‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó[KÕã≤ "åix ã¨<å‡xOK«∞@.
A
PO^ÀoHÍ^Œ∞Å∞ ^•#"≥Ú#iOz# =∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ Ö’Hõ=Ú# âßâ◊fi`«=ÚQÍ xeÛ LO\Ï~°∞
A
H
Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=ÚÅ∞ ^•#=Ú KÕã≤#"å~°∞ ^Õ"ÕO„^Œ#O^Œ# =#=ÚÖ’ QÆÅáêi*Ï`«=$Hõ∆=Ú D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ 12 ~ÀII „Ñü"å~°∞ "åi "åi â◊H˜Î##∞ãïOz [iÑ≤# "åiH˜
H
~ÚÇ¨Ï=Ú# ã¨~°fi™œYº=Ú Å#∞ÉèíqOz, J#O`«~°=Ú ã¨fi~åæ# ã¨HõÅÉè’QÆ=Ú
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„HÕ^Œ P#O^Œ=∞#∞ Éèíq™êÎ~°∞. U^Õx Pã¨#=Ú ^•#=Ú KÕ¿ãÎ ã≤OÇ¨ã¨# Ü≥∂QÆ=Ú
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Å#∞ÉèíqOÑ¨QÆÅ~°∞.
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á⁄O^Œ∞`å~°∞. QÆ$Ç¨Ï=Ú ^•#"≥ÚãÖy# "å~°∞ =∞Ç¨Éèí=#=ÚÅÃÑ· |OQÍ~°∞
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@∂QÆ∞@∂Ü«∞ÅÖ’ #∂y P#Ok™êÎ~°∞ K«O^Œ<åk ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ „^Œ"åºÅ∞ ^•#"≥Úãÿ#

"å~°∞ K«O„^ŒÖ’Hõ=ÚÖ’ K«O„^Œ∞x`À QÆ∂_ç LO\Ï~°∞. H©∆~°=ÚÖÁãÿ# "å~°∞
áêÅã¨=Ú„^Œ=ÚÃÑ· ÅH©∆ ‡<å~åÜ«∞}∞Å`À QÆ∂_ç LO\Ï~°∞. `≥·Å^•#"≥ÚãÖy# "å~°∞
~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°O Ñ¨Ù~å} K«i„`«
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4. ~å[gkèH˜ ‰õΩ_ç „Ñ¨Hõ¯ QÀ^•=i QÆ@∞ì=~°‰õΩ „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å, ~å[H©Ü≥∂^ÀºQÆ∞Å
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"Õ~°∞KÕÜ«∂Ö’ x~°‚~ÚOÑ¨ ÖË‰õΩO_® L<åflO ^•fiÑ¨~° Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# =∂ˆH ™ê^èŒº=Ú
O
QÍ‰õΩOk. ~ÚHõ ~åÉ’=Ù HõeÜ«ÚQÆ "åã¨∞Å ÔH@∞¡ ™ê^èŒº=∞ø`«∞Ok? HÍ=Ù# "≥·kHõ Éèí=<åÅ∞, Z_»=∞ "≥·Ñ¨Ù# `«∂~°∞ÊQÍ "≥·â◊º – â◊¥„^•^Œ∞Å ~ÚO_»∞¡ QÆÅkQÍ ~¸
O
M
q*Ï˝<åxfl JO^Œ~°‰õÄ JO^Œ∞ ÉÏ@∞Ö’ L#fl@∞¡QÍ KÕÜ«Ú—— =∞x „Ñ¨É’kèOKå~°∞. #QÆ~°=Ú#flk.
M
"åi „Ñ¨É’^èŒ"Õ∞ ÉèíQÆ=^•fi‰õΩ¯QÍ <≥OKå_»∞ "åºã¨ =∞Ç¨Ïi¬. 5. <Õ\ ˜ÃÑ·Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ K≥~°∞=ÙÅ∞ „áêO`å# ''N g~°Éèí„^•ÅÜ«∞=Ú—— LO_Õk. N ~å[
Hõ~°∞}Ï=∞Ü«Ú_≥·# "Õ}∞QÀáêÅ∞# HõO[eOz ''<Õ<Õq∞ KÕÜ«∂e? ZÖÏ? Z@∞¡? ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞x HÀ@Ö’<Õ ''=∞$HõO_Õâ◊fi~åÅÜ«∞=Ú—— QÀ^•=i #k Ü≥Ú_»∞¤# LO_Õk.
Jx P ~å„`«O`å JK«Û>Ë x„kOKå_»∞, P x„^ŒÖ’ XHõ =∞Ç¨â◊H˜Î "åºã¨∞x <å"ÕtOz <Õ\ ˜ QÀ^•=i ¿ãì+¨#∞‰õΩ ~¸=Å HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡=ÚO_Õk.
"Õ}∞QÀáêÅ∞<Õ "Õ_»=∞x P^ÕtOzOk "åºã¨ =∞Ç¨Ïi¬x. 6. WÑ¨C_»∞#fl Ñ¨â◊√=ÙÅ Pã¨∞Ñ¨„u „áêO`«=∞O`å XHõH˘O_» ~¸ H˘O_» "≥∞~°Hõgkè
JÖÏˆQ L+¨ó HÍÅOÖ’ ÖËz ™êfl#O KÕã≤ H˘O_»`À HõeÑ≤ LO_Õk. JO^Œ∞=Å# Ô~·Å∞ „áê~°OÉèí=∞Ñ¨C_»∞ ™⁄~°OQÆ=ÚQÍ „`«qfi Ô~·Å∞
â’¡II #=∞¿ãÎ ^Õ= ^Õ"Õâ◊I â◊OY K«„Hõ QÆ^•^èŒ~° I Ñ¨\ÏìÅ∞ "Õâß~°∞. \∫#∞Ç¨Å∞ =~°‰Ωõ P<å\˜ „QÍ=∞=Ú ~å[gkèÖ’ Tiz=~°<Õ QÀáêÅ™êfiq∞
ã¨~°fiâ◊H˜Î^èŒ~å-#O`«I `åfi=∞Ç¨ÏO â◊~°}O QÆ`«ó II "åi PÅÜ«∞=Ú xi‡Oz<å~°∞.

15
7. <Õ\ ˜ âßº=∞ÖÏO|QÆ∞_ç #∞O_ç `«∂~°∞ÊQÍ L#fl <ÕÅO`å ÃÑ^ŒÌ P=QÍ LO_Õk. JÑ¨C_»∞ ÉÁOÉÏ~Ú x"åã≤ ZO._ç KÒ^Œi "å~°∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz #_»∞Ñ¨ÖËHõ áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
QÀ^•=iH˜ QÆ@∞ìÖË^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞=Å# P~åºÑ¨Ù~°=Ú Ñ¨Å¡Ñ¨Ù „áêO`«=Ú #∞O_ç QÀ^•=i =zÛ 1950 ãÖII PO„^è• – =∞„^•ã¨∞ L=∞‡_ç ~å¢+¨ì=Ú# PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò QÆ=~°fl"≥∞O@∞
PÜ«∂=Ö’ Ñ¨_»∞K«∞O_Õk. ~ÚÑ¨C_»∞ Whflã¨∞¿Ñ@Ö’ QÆÅ ''¿+ì_çÜ«∞O—— Hõ$ëê‚\ÏH©ãπ "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·# "å~°∞ ~¸ ¿ÑÑ¨~°∞q∞Å∞¡#∞ #_»∞Ñ¨Ù@‰õΩ Ñ¨Ó#∞H˘x##∂ "å~°∂ ãïQÍ #_»Ñ¨ÖËHõ
„Ñ¨^Õâßxfl ''<åÅ∞QÆ∞K≥~°∞=Ù—— J<Õ"å~°∞ ~¸ K≥~°∞=Ù‰õΩ L`«Î~° ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞Ì ¢>ˇÿxOQ∑ HÍÖËr áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
„áêO`«=Ú. `«~°∞"å`« H˘O`«HÍÖÏxH˜ ~ÚK«Û@ Pk"å~°=Ú <å_»∞ ãÖ`« ™êQÆ∞@ KÕ`« ãÖ`«
K≥~°∞=Ù QÆ@∞ì J<Õ"å~°∞. ÉÁOÉÏ~Ú "åã¨∞Å∞, =∞Oz ^≥·"å~å^èŒ<åÑ¨~°∞Å∞. N QÆOQÆ∂b – ™È=∂hÅ
M
8. ~ÚÑ¨C_»∞#fl Ñ¨_»=Å ˆ~=Ù „Ñ¨^ÕâßÖË JÑ¨C_»∞ ~°∞„^ŒÉèí∂=ÚÅ∞. „QÆ∂Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ "å~°∞ =∞Oz áêi„âßq∞Hõ "Õ`«ÎÅQÆ∞@ =Å# 1954 ãÖIIÖ’ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi
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ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞=Ú =Å# ~¸ ''PO„^è• ¿ÑÑ¨~°∞q∞Å∞¡—— =¸_»∞ Ñ¨Ó=ÙÅ∞ P~°∞HÍÜ«∞Å∞QÍ
9. WK«Û@ =∞^Œ#QÀáêÅ™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∂xfl =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ `«∞QÆ¡H± H©.â◊. 1325 ãÖII
.C
#_»∞Ñ¨ÙK«∞<åfl~°∞.
.C
„|^ŒÌÅ∞ H˘\˜ìOz =∞ã‘^Œ∞QÍ =∂iÊOKå~°∞.
S
14. Ç¨i¡‰õΩû á¶êºHõìs : WOQÍ¡O_»∞ "å~°∞ =∞#"åix "å\Ï^•~°∞Å∞QÍ KÕã≤H˘x
S
10. ~ÚÑ¨C_»∞#fl áê`«‰Äõ ~°QÍÜ«∞Å =∂Ô~¯@∞ì „áêO`å# <å~åÜ«∞} Éè@í ∞ì. ##flÜ∞« Éè@í ∞ì
N
1973 ãÖII nxx ~ÚK«Û@ xi‡Oz<å~°∞. ~Úk k#kxaè=$kúQÍOz H˘xfl
N
QÆ$Ç¨Å∞O_Õq "≥·ã¨‚= – â‹·=– ™ê‡~°Î – *ˇ·# – É∫^Œú – =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡nÜ«ÚÅ∞ D #QÆ~°OÖ’ Hõeã≤
"ÕÅ=∞OkH˜ r=<Àáêk HõeÊã¨∞ÎOk.
IO
IO
"≥∞Åã≤ LO_Õ"å~°∞.
11. ÑÖK«y~°∞Å∞ : 15. ~ÚÑ¨C_»∞ QÀ^•=i ¿ãì+¨#∞ ˆQ@∞ #∞O_ç JÑ¨û~åÇ¨ÏŸ@Å∞ „Ñ¨Hõ¯QÍ
T
T
P~åºÑ¨Ù~°O g∞^Œ∞QÍ HÀ\˜eOQÍÅ ˆH∆„`«=Ú =~°‰õΩ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú# ãÖ`«
A
1. ¿ÇÏ=∞yi – ~ÚÑ¨C_»∞#fl "Õ=∞yiA
[iˆQk. ~¸ ãÖ`«‰õΩ ^Õâ◊, q^ÕâßÅ"å~°∞ `«=∞ ã¨~°∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ü≥∞QÆ∞=∞u kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞
IC
IC
2. ^èŒ=à◊yi – ^èŒ=àıâ◊fi~°=Ú# QÆÅ^Œ∞.
KÕã≤H˘<≥_ç"å~°∞.
3. Ñ¨^Œ‡yi – „áê`«„a_ç˚ ˆ~=Ù
L
L
B
4. Éèí„^Œyi – Ñ¨\ ˜ìã¨Ñ¨Ù g~°Éèí„^Œ H˘O_» (Ñ¨\ ˜ìã‘=∞)
N ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°O Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° qâı+¨=ÚÅ∞
B
U
5. ~å=∞yi, QÀ^•=i yi#O\˜ LO_ç ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ =~åxH˜ Ñ¨k„HÀã¨∞Å
U
P
^Œ∂~å# QÆÅ – ~å=∞yi ^Œ∞~°æ=Ú. =∞#k ÉèÏ~°`«Éèí∂q∞, "Õ^Œ|∞∞+¨µÅ Ñ¨q„`« P`«‡â◊H˜ÎKÕ`« ZO`À Ñ¨q„`«=Ú
P
N
12. Hˆ O„^ŒHÍ~åQÍ~°=Ú – 1850 ãÖII _»zÛ"å~°∞ `«=∞ Ãã<· åºxfl ~ÚK«Û@ LOz<å~°∞ QÍOz#k. =∞Ç¨Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µÖˇO^Œ~À ~ÚK«Û@ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì ~¸ <ÕÅ#∞ Ñ¨q„`«=Ú KÕâß~°∞.
N
A
<Õ_»∞#fl _ç.S.l QÍi |OQÍ¡ÜÕ∞ JÑ¨Ê\˜ ¿ã<å <åÜ«∞‰õΩx q_çz 1880 ãÖII POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ Ü«∂=`ü „Ñ¨ÑÖKåxH˜ ''^Õ=Ù_˘Hõ_»∞<åfl—— _»x =∞# =∞Ç¨Ï~°∞¬ÖË `≥eÜ«∞*Ëâß~°∞. Ñ¨_»=∞~°
A
^Õâ◊"åã¨∞ÅQÆ∞ =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«Ú ÖˇO^Œ~À =∞# "Õ^•Å#∂, =∞# ~å=∂Ü«∞}, ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊
H
P ¿ã#Å∞#fl ã¨úÖÏ<Õfl *ˇ·Å∞QÍ =∂~åÛ~°∞. JO`«=~°‰õΩ QÀ^•=i X_»∞¤# áê`« ã¨Éò
H
B#fl`«º=Ú#∞ ZO`À á⁄QÆ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.
O
HõÅHõ~ì ∞° "åi PÑ¶ã‘ ∞¨ Ö’ *ˇÅ· ∞O_Õk. 1930 ãÖII =~°‰Äõ *ˇÅ· ∞ JkèHÍ~°∞Q¡ Í POˆQÜ
¡ Ú« ÖË
O
M
LO_Õ"å~°∞.
PO„^èŒ ~å¢ëêì=`«~°}=Ú
M
13. PO„^è• ¿ÑÑ¨~°∞q∞Å∞¡ – 1921 ãÖII =∞^Œ~åã¨∞ "åã¨∞Å∞ N PÖÏfi~ü

â‹\ ˜ìQÍ~°∂, HÍH˜<å_» "åã¨∞Å∞ N H˘q∞‡Ô~_ç¤ ÉèÏã¨¯~°~å=Ù QÍ~°∞ Hõeã≤ ''Hõ~åfl@Hõ J@∞=O\˜ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊=Ú# XHõ Q˘Ñ¨Ê ~å¢+¨ì=Ú =∞# PO„^èŒ~å¢+¨ì=Ú. =∞# ~å¢+¨ì=Ú
¿ÑÑ¨~üq∞Å∞¡—— J<Õ ¿Ñ~°∞`À eq∞>ˇ_£ HõOÃÑhx ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~å# ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. H˘~°‰Ωõ 1952 ãÖII JHÀì|~°∞ ~Ô O_»= `Õnx N á⁄\˜ì N~å=ÚÅ∞ LÑ¨"åã¨nHõ∆ „áê~°OaèOz
JÑ¨C_»∞ ~ÀA‰õΩ 10 @#∞flÅ∞ ¿ÑÑ¨~°∞ #∞`«ÎuÎ KÕ~ÚOKÕ"å~°∞ `«~°∞"å`« H˘O`«HÍÅ=Ú 58 ~ÀII LÑ¨"å™êO`«=Ú# PÜ«∞# PÇ¨ïuJ~Ú<å_»∞. J@∞=O\˜ J=∞~°rq =Å#
q∞Å∞¡ PyáÈ~ÚOk. 1953 ãÖII# =∞# PO„^èŒ~å¢+ì̈=Ú J=`«iOz#k.
`«~°∞"å`« N @OQÆ∞@∂~°∞ „Ñ¨HÍâ◊O ÑÖ`«∞Å∞QÍ~°∞ ''PO„^èŒ ¿ÑÑ¨~°∞q∞Å∞¡——QÍ H©IIâ◊II 892 – 918 "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ Kåà◊√Hõº cè=∞~åA ÑïáêeOKÕ"å_»∞ P`«x
=∂iÛ ''"≥∂`Õ – ÃÑO· _®—— HõOÃÑhÅ∞QÍ ¿+~°∞¡ =ã¨∂Å∞ KÕã<≤ å x~°fiÇ≤ÏOÑ¨ ÖËHáõ ÈÜ«∂~°∞.

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‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ J=∞‡~å[ q+¨µ‚ =~°ú#∞_»∞ ~å*ÏºxH˜ =KåÛ_»∞. W`«_Õ 945 ãÖII ~ÚÑ¨Ê\˜ "ÕOwÑ¨Ù~°=Ú ~å[^è•xQÍ =∂iOk. ~å[ ~å[#ˆ~O„^Œ∞x áêÅ#Ö’ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ
~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ = ~° = Ú#∞ xi‡OKå_» ∞ . DÜ« ∞ # P<å_» ∞ xi‡Oz# D =~°=Ú ~å[^è•xÜ≥ÿ∞~ÚOk.
~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú WÑ¨C_»∞#fl Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÅ ˆ~=Ù#∞O_ç `«∂~°∞ÊQÍ HõO^ŒHõ=Ú #∞O_ç, „H©IIâ◊II 1022 PQÆã¨∞ì 16= `ÕnH˜ ãïÜ«∞QÆ∞ N [Ü«∞<å=∞ ãÖ=`«û~° „âß=}
L`«Î~°OQÍ QÆ∞O\ÏÅ=∞‡ QÆ∞_ç gkèQÍ "≥∞~°HõgkèQÍ =zÛ Ñ¨_»=∞~°QÍ \∫#∞Ç¨Å∞ |Ç¨ïà◊ qkÜ«∞<å_»∞ N ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~° ~å[^è•xx Ñ¨@=ì Ú
(Ñ¨Ó~°fiÑ¨Ù ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å É*Ï~°∞) =OHÍÜ«∞Å "åi gkè#∞O_ç QÀ^•=i QÆ@∞ì#‰õΩ QÆ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. JkÜÕ∞ ã¨∞=ÚÇ¨˙~°Î"≥∂ K≥Ñ¨ÊÖË=Ú QÍx JÑ¨Ê\˜ #∞O_ç `«# ã¨=u
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QÆÅkÜÕ∞ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú. nx<Õ N J=∞‡~åA q+¨µ‚=~°ú#∞_»∞ Hõ\ ˜ìOz<å_»∞.
M
™È^Œ~°∞_»QÆ∞ q[Ü«∂k`«∞ºx =Å# K≥Ñ¨ÊÖË#xfl ÉÏ^èŒÅ‰õΩ QÆ∞iÜ≥ÿ∞<å_»∞ ~å[ ~å[
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#ˆ~O„^Œ∞x ã¨=u`«e¡ ~ÚO`«O`« J#ÖËx HõëêìÖÏ`«xH˜ HõÅQÆ*Ëã≤ UÖÏÔQ·<å `«#
O
PO„^èŒ^Õâßxfl áêeOz# ~å[=OâßÖ’¡ `«∂~°∞Ê Kåà◊√Hõº =Oâ◊=Ú KåÖÏ ¿Ñ~°∞
.C
QÍOzOk. Ñ¨tÛ=∞ Kåà◊√Hõº~å*ˇ·# Ô~O_»= Ñ¨ÙÅˆHt „H©IIâ◊II 625 „áêO`«=Ú# ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ q[Ü«∂k`«∞º<Õ ~åAQÍ KÕÜ«∂Åx <å<åuÑ¨ÊÅ∂ Ñ¨_çOk. ~å[ ~å[
.C
q+¨µ‰‚ Ωõ O_ç# ~åAÅ<À_çOz, PO„^èŒ „áêO`«=∞O`å `«# =â◊=Ú KÕãH≤ ˘x `«# `«=Ú‡_≥#· #ˆ~O„^Œ∞#‰õΩ |^Œú â◊„`«∞=ÙÖˇ·# HõàÏº} Kåà◊√‰õΩºÅ∞, HõoOQÆ~åAÅ`À KÕ`«∞Å∞ HõeÑ≤,
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‰õΩ|˚q+¨µ‚ =~°ú#∞x, Ñ≤~îåÑ¨Ù~°O ~å[^è•xQÍ KÕã≤, ~å[ „ÑüxkèQÍ #∞O_≥#∞. Ô~O_»= "åi`À ^ŒO_≥uÎ ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞x HõëêìÅ∞ áêÅ∞KÕâß~°∞. ã¨qu`«e¡ ã¨qu ™È^Œ~∞° _»∞
N
Ñ¨ÙÅˆHt =∞~°}Ï#O`«~°=Ú ‰õΩ|˚ q+¨µ‚ =~°ú#∞_»∞ ã¨fi`«O„`«∞_≥· Kåà◊√Hõº =Oâ◊™êúÑ¨‰õΩ_≥· ~Ú~°∞fi~°∂† JO^Œ∞=Å# ~å[ ~åA Ñ¨\Ïìaè+≤‰õΩÎ_≥·<å `«# ~å*Ïºxfl ^èŒ~°‡Ñ¨~°=ÚQÍ
IO
IO
áêeOKå_»∞. áêeOK«_®xH˜ QÍx, `å#∞ K«kq# „QÆO^è•Å∂, P „QÆO^èŒHõ~°ÎÅ∂, ÑÖ_ç`« áÈ+¨}Ö’
#∞O_ç „Ñ¨*Ï~å[º=Ú KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ QÍx ÜÕ∞ =∂„`«=¸ gÅ∞ zHõ¯‰õΩO_® KÕã≤,
T
T
~¸`«x =Oâ◊Ñ¨Ù"å~°Å∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ J~Ú^Œ∞#fl~° â◊`åÉÏÌÅ∞ ÑïáêeOKå~°∞. ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú H˘~°‰õΩ "Õz `«#ÃÑ·|_ç# â◊„`«∞~åAÅ <≥kiOz "åi`À ~°}~°OQÆ=Ú
A
A
JO^Œ∞Ö’ <˘Hõ_≥·# J=∞‡~å[ q+¨µ‚=~°ú#∞_»∞ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú#∞ xi‡Oz ^•xx QÍqOz q[Ü«∞=∞Ok<å ~å[~åA =∞u ã≤÷q∞`«=ÚQÍ LO_Õk QÍ^Œ∞ U Hõ∆}=Ú#
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~å[^è•xQÍqOz ÑïáêeOKå_»∞. ~¸`«x ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ q=∞ÖÏk`«∞º_»∞. ~¸ â◊„`«∞=Ù Öˇki™êÎ~À Jx JÇ¨ÏŸ~å„`«∂Å∂ =∞O„`åOQÆ=ÚÖ’<Õ J„Ñ¨=∞`«∞_Î ·≥ LO_Õ"å_»∞.
q=∞ÖÏk`«∞º_»∞ `«O*Ï=Ó~°∞#∞ ÑïáêeOK«∞ KÀà◊~å*ˇ·# ~å[~åA#‰õΩ JÅ∞¡_»∞,
L
=∞Ç¨ÉèÏ~°`«=ÚÖ’ ^èŒ~°‡~åA =O\˜ Ñ¨q„`« ^èŒ~°‡„Ñ¨=~°Î#`À, cè=∂~°∞˚##‰õΩÅ
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~¸ ~å[~åA‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì# ''‰õΩO^Œ=∂O|—— #∞ q=∞ÖÏk`«∞º_»∞ ~å}˜QÍ KÕã≤H˘<åfl_»∞.
B
ã¨Ç¨Ï^Õ=ÙÅ=O\˜ ãÖÑ¨^Œ`À Jig~° ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°∞_≥· ~å[~åA â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ J*ËÜ«Ú_≥·
B
D"≥∞ J_»∞QÆ∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì <å\˜#∞O_ç q=∞ÖÏk`«º =∞Ç¨~å*ÏO`«óÑ¨Ù~°=Ú =¸_»∞Ñ¨Ó=ÙÅ∞
U
Ü«ÚO_Õ"å_»∞. Ü≥∞O^Œi<À â◊„`«∞ ~åAÅ#∞ F_çOKå_»∞. ~¸`«xx ÜÕ∞ÖÏÔQ<· å F_çOz
U
P~°∞HÍÜ«∞Å∞QÍ Jaè=$kú QÍOzOk.
P
~å[º=Ú#∞ ~¸`«x ã¨=u ™È^Œ~∞° x Hõ@Éì \ˇ ÏìÅx â◊„`«∞~åAÅ∞ =ÚYº=ÚQÍ KÀà◊√Å∞
P
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`«#ÃÑ· ^ŒO_»Ü«∂„`«QÍqOÑ¨QÍ ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞ `«# "Õ∞#=∂=∞Ü≥ÿ∞#
N
~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞
A
~å*ËO„^ŒKÀà◊√x ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞=Ú #iúOKå_»∞. P Ü«Ú^Œú=Ú# ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_Õ
A
H
q[~Úxfl á⁄O^•_»∞. ~¸`«x g~°`«fi=Ú, ^èŒ~°‡nHõ∆, ã¨^Œ∞æ}ÏÅ#∞ Ez ~å*ËO„^Œ
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‰õΩO^Œ=∂OÉÏ, q=∞ÖÏ^•`«∞ºÅ QÆ~°ƒù J=∞$`« Ñ¶¨Å"Õ∞ N ~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞,
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q=∞ÖÏk`«∞º_»∞ *ˇ·#=∞`åaè=∂#=Ú QÆÅ"å_»∞. S##∂ ã¨~°fi=∞`«=ÚÅ#∂ Ñ¨\Ïìaè¿+Hõ=Ú [iy#k. JÑ¨C_»∞ QÆ∂_® D`«xx „Ñ¨âßO`«OQÍ LOK«‰õΩO_® ã¨qu
ã¨=∂# ^Œ$+≤`ì À ^Œi≈OKÕ"å_»∞. `«∂~°∞Ê Kåà◊√Hõº ~å[K«O„^Œ∞Å∞ ^è~Œ ‡° |^Œ=ú ÚQÍ ÑïáêÅ# ™È^Œ~°∞_»∞ q[Ü«∂k`«∞º_»∞ HõàÏº} Kåà◊√‰õΩºÅ`À Hõeã≤ ''HõekO_ç—— =^ŒÌ 1035
™êyã¨∂Î â‹·==∞`«=Ú #∞^ŒúiOK«∞ =∞#ã¨∞û QÆÅ"å~°∞. "≥·kHõ =∞`«=Ú#∂ áÈ+≤Oz, ãÖII „áêO`«=Ú# Ü«Ú^Œú=Ú#‰õΩ ~åQÍ =∞~°Å KÀà◊√Å ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞=Ú =Å# ~å[ ~å[
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Ñ¨~°fi`«"≥∞uÎ "≥∂ã¨∞Î#fl@∞ìQÍ ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞ KÕâß_»∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH ''áêÜ«∞Hõ áêHõ
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^Œ$+≤ì`À '' F =∞Ç¨HõgO„^•! N "Õ^Œ"åºã¨ =∞Ç¨=Úx Hõ$`«"≥∞ÿ# N =∞Ç¨ÉèÏ~°`« <≥`«∞Î@ÜÕ∞ ##flÜ«∞ QÆO@"≥∞`«∞Î@
=∞O^Œ∞ z‰õΩ¯‰õΩ#fl <å =∞#ã¨∞û‰õΩ P Ü«∞~°=ú Ú =∂~°∞ÊÖË#@∞¡ `«=∞~°∞ PO„^èÉŒ Ïè +¨Ö’xH˜
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S<å `«#‰õΩ Jxflq^è•ÖÏ KÕ^À_»∞ "å^À_»∞ <å~åÜ«∞} Éèí@∞ì<åfl_»∞ Hõ^•! `å<≥O^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ^Œ∞ ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞x TÑ≤i ‰õÄ_® PyáÈ~Ú#k JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞. ã¨=∞ã¨Î PO„^è∞Œ Å
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#O^Œ#=#=Ú#∞ QÍqOz# "å_»∞. qq^èŒ q^ŒºÅ#∞ <ÕiÛ#"å_»∞. JO^Œ∞=Å#
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q^•ºOã¨∞_≥·# áê=ÙÅ∂i =∞Å¡#KÕ`« `≥xyOÑ¨KÕã≤ P`«xH˜ ''#=YO_»"å_»—— J#∞ ~¸ Jx`«e¡ Éèí~°Î PÅ¡_» g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤. HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤H˜ ''HÍ@Ü«∞Ô~_ç¤—— J#∞
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„QÍ=∞=Ú#∞ ^•#"≥ÚãÖy<å_»∞. N ~å[ ~åA `«#™ê÷#=ÚÖ’ ''á⁄#fl ÑÖÑ¨ – ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ QÆ∂_® HõÅ^Œ∞. =∞Ç¨^•`«Ü∞« QÆ∞ ''~åÜ«∞#=∞O„u ÉèÏ+¨¯~°∞_»∞ ~¸ "Õ=∂Ô~_çH¤ ˜
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<åQÆ=~°‡—— J#∞ =ÚQÆ∞æ~°∞ Hõ#fl_» Hõ=ÙÅ∞ QÆ∂_® L<åfl~°∞. ''p^Œ=∂~°∞º_»∞—— J#∞ =∞O„uÜ≥∞ÿ Ü«ÚO_Õ"å_»∞. J#"Õ=∂Ô~_çH¤ ˜ ‰õÄ_® D`«_∞» =∞Ç¨=∂`«∞º_»∞QÍ #∞#fl"å_Õ,
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XHõ„ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞xH˜ ~å[ ~åA ''HÀ~°∞q∞e¡ „QÍ=∞=Ú—— ^•#=Ú QÍqOKå_»∞. N <å^èŒ=∞Ç¨Hõq `«# HÍjYO_» =∞Ç¨HÍ=º=ÚÖ’ ~¸ ''HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤x—
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=∞#∞=Ù=O\˜ "å_»x =i‚Oz<å_»∞. J#QÍ Q˘Ñ¨Ê ^è•i‡‰õΩ_≥· Ü«Ú#fl"å_»x J~°ú=Ú.
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L`«Î~° Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞™ê÷#=Ú# ^ŒO_»Ü«∂„`«Å∞ ™êyOK«∞K«∞#fl ''QÆ[h =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^Œ∞——
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~¸ HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=Ú_≥O`« Éèí∞[|Å=Ú QÆÅ"å_À JO`« |∞kú|Å=Ú QÆ∂_® HõÅ"å_»∞.
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~¸`«x HÍÅ=Ú"å_Õ. ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞xH˜ ~Ú^ŒÌ~°∞ ÉèÏ~°ºÅ∞ ''J=∞‡OQÆ^Õq –
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Q˘Ñ¨ÊÑÖ_ç`«∞_»∞, =∞Ç¨Hõq HÍo^•ã¨∞ <å@Hõ„`«Ü«∂xH˜ ~¸`«x "åºYº J"≥∂Ñ¶¨∞"≥∞ÿ
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~ˆ =Å^Õq—— J#∞ "å~°Å∞O_çi. J=∞‡OQÆ^qÕ =Å# ''‰õΩà’`«∞OÎ QÆKÀà◊√—— x : ~ˆ =Å^Õq
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JÅ~å~°∞`«∞Ok "åºÉèÏº`« Ñ¨~"° ∞Õ â◊fi~∞° _≥#· =∞e¡<å^èŒ ã¨∂i HÍo^•ã¨∞ =¸_»∞ <å@HÍÅ‰õΩ
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=Å# ™È=∞Å^Õq—— J#∞ Ñ¨Ù„uHõ#∞Hõ<åfl_»∞. ™È=∞Å^Õq N „^•H∆Í~å=∞ cè"Õ∞â◊fi~°
"åºMÏº#=Ú ~°zOÑ¨Hõ Ü«ÚO_»∞@ KÕ`« D`«x "åºMÏº Ü≥∞O`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê^À =∞#=¸Ç≤ÏOK«∞
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™êfiq∞H˜ |OQÍ~°=Ú`À KÕÜ«∞|_ç# ''HõÅÊ=$Hõ∆ Ñ¨Ù+¨Ê=Ú – "≥O_ç „Ñ¨q∞^Œ

JYO_»nÑ¨=Ú—— ã¨=∞iÊOz#@∞¡, „^•H∆Í~å=∞=Ú#O^Œ∞QÆÅ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ âßã¨# "≥ÚHõ\ ˜ H˘#=K«∞Û#∞.
LOk ''ã¨`åº„â◊Ü«∞‰õΩÅ âıM~°! ~å[HõOsî~°=! „uÉèí∞=<åO‰õΩâ◊! ã¨=∞ã¨ÎÉèí∞=<å„â◊Ü«∞ D`«_»∞ Q˘Ñ¨Ê q+¨µ‚Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞. „áÈÅÜ«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ Ô~_ç¤~åAÅO^Œ~°∂
a~°∞^•OHõcè=∞! ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ! ~å[=∂~åÎO_»! Ñ¨~°QÆO_» Éèˇ·~°=! ~å[=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°! t=Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞. HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ =∂„`«=Ú =∞Ç¨q+¨µ‚ Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞. ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú#
<å~åÜ«∞}ÏYº q+¨µ=‚ ¸iÎ!—— J#∞ a~°∞^Œ∞Å∞ ~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞#‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ ##flÜ∞« Éè@í ∞ì QÆÅ ''=∂~°¯O_ÕÜ«∞ ™êfiq∞H˜—— D`«_»∞ ''QÀÑ‘<å^èŒ™êfiq∞H˜ „"≥Ú‰õΩ¯H˘#∞@ =ÚYº=ÚQÍ
PO„^èŒ=∞Ç¨ÉèÏ~°`«=ÚÖ’ „"åã≤<å_»∞. ~¸`«x `«~°∞"å`« ~¸`«x ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ QÆ = ∞xOÑ¨ =K« ∞ Û#∞. ~¸ HÍ@Ü« ∞ "Õ = ∂Ô ~ _ç ¤ „Ñ¨ * Ï#∞ ~° O [Hõ = ÚQÍ
''‰õΩÖ’`«∞ÎOQÆKÀà◊√_»∞—— `«O„_çH˜ `«y# `«#Ü«Ú_»#fl@∞QÍ ÑïáêÅ# QÍqOKå_»∞ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú#∞ ÑïáêeOKå_»∞. D`«_»∞ z=~°^Œâ◊Ö’ Ü«Ú^Œú=ÚÖ’
~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞ ^•#Hõ~°∞‚_»∞, â‹·=ÉèíH˜Î Ñ¨~åÜ«∞}∞_»∞ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ÉèÏ+¨#∞ g~°ã¨fi~°æ=∞Ok<å_»∞.

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Jx`«e¡ g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤ ~å[º=Ú#∞ |Ç¨ï ã¨=∞iú`«`À ã¨=∞~°úOK«∞@Ö’ ™êH∆Í`«∞Î
JÖÏ¡_»Ô~_ç¤ (1414–20) ÅH©;^ÕqQÍ ™êH∆Í`«¯iOKÕk. g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤ ‰õÄ_® Jx `«e¡x ~å*Ïºaè+≤‰õΩÎ~åÅ∞QÍ<Õ
HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ `«~∞° "å`« JÖÏ¡_~Ô» _ç¤ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~åx Hõa+è ‰≤ Ωõ _Î Ü
» ∂« º_»∞. ÑïQÆ}O˜ KÕ"å_»∞. ~¸`«_∞» =∂~°¯O_ÕÜ∞Õ â◊fi~™° êfiq∞H˜ J<ÕHõ J„QÆÇ¨ ~°=ÚÅ∞ ^•#=ÚQÍ
HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ Ü«∞#O`«~° HÍÅ=Ú# ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ =~° ~å*ÏºxH˜ ÉÏÇ¨Ïºâ◊„`«∞=ÙÖË <˘ãÿ#@∞¡ âßã¨#=ÚÅ∞<åfl~Ú.
HÍHõ JO`«â≈◊ „`«∞=ÙÅ∞ QÆ∂_® q[$OaèOKå~°∞. "åi`À Ü«Ú^Œ=ú ÚKÕã≤ HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤
~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞x J#O`«~°=Ú ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ =~åxfl ÑïáêeOz#
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‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞ g~°ã¨fi~°æ=∞ÅOHõiOKå~°∞. D`«x ‰õÄ`«∞~°∞ ''Jx`«e¡—— =∂„`«=Ú q∞ye
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LOk. JÖÏ¡_~Ô» _ç¤ â◊„`«∞=ÙÖÏ„Hõq∞OK«∞ H˘#‰õΩO_® ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~° ~å*Ïºxfl ~°HO∆˜ z Ô~_ç¤~åAÅO^Œ~°∂ =∞Ç¨ Ñ¨~å„Hõ=ÚÅ∞. kè+¨}Ï ^Œ∞~°O^èŒ~°∞Å∞. Ñ¨~°=∞Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞,
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Jx`«e¡H˜ WKåÛ_»∞ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~° ~å*ÏºxH˜ JkèHÍi}˜ Jx`«e¡ S##∂, P"≥∞ q+¨ µ ‚ É è í ‰ õ Ω Î Ö ˇ · # #∂ ~¸â◊ fi ~å~° Û # Hõ à ÏjÅ∞~° ∞ , „Ñ¨ * Ï~å[º=Ú`Àáê@∞ Hõ à Ï
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Ü«ÚHõÎ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û#O^Œ∞O_»∞@ KÕ`«#∞, |Å=O`«∞Öˇ·# ÉÏÇ¨Ïºâ◊„`«=ÙÅ∞O_»∞@ =Å##∂ ™ê„=∂[º"Õ∞e# ~°ã≤Hõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ∞. ~ÚO^Œ∞Ö’ H˘O^Œ~°∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ =∞Ç¨Hõq
ÑÖ_ç`∞« Å∞. ÑÖ_ç`« áÈ+¨‰Ωõ Å∞. ãÖã¨¯ $`åO„^èŒ ™êÇ≤Ï`«º=ÚÅO^Œ∞ ã¨~fi° ™œÉèÏQÆº=ÚÅ∞
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~å[ºÉèÏ~°=∞O`å JÖÏ¡_»Ô~_ç¤H˜ HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ =Oâ◊ QÆ∞~°∞"≥·# ÃÑ¶∞Á_Õ
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~åÜ«∞cè"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_˘ãÿ#@∞¡ N<å^äŒHõq cè=∞YO_»=Ú# QÆÅ^Œ∞. "åi "≥·Éèí= „áêÉèí==ÚÅ∞. ã¨~°ã¨fif ^Õq HõK«ÛùÑ‘ xHÍfi}=ÚÅ∞ HõOHõ} ^èŒfi#∞Å‰õΩ
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PÅ"åÅ=∞QÆ∞ HÍÅ=∞k. P ãÖ™ê÷# Hõq`å Ñ¨\Ïìa‰è Ωõ _Î #·≥ N<å^è∞Œ _»∞ ã¨ÇÏ¨ „ã¨ H˜~}° ∞_»∞QÍ
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JÖÏ¡_»Ô~_ç¤ áêÅ#=Ú |Ç¨ï `«‰õΩ¯=. P H˘OK≥=Ú HÍÅ=Ú P`«x ~å[º
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~°Hõ∆}ˆH ãïáÈ~ÚOk ~¸ ~å*ÏºxH˜ "å~°ã¨∞~åÅ∞ HÍ@Ü«∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ ‰õÄ`«∞~°∞ ÉèÏã≤OKå_»∞.
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Jx`«e¡. `«# Éèí∞[|Å=Ú`À |Ç¨ï Éèí„^Œ=ÚQÍ ~°H˜∆OK«∞K«∞#fl ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°
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~å[º=Ú Ñ¨~ånè#=Ú HÍ‰õΩO_® JÖÏ¡_»Ô~_ç¤ `«# ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»QÆ∞ g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤H˜ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú HõqÑÖ_ç`«∞Å∞
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Jx`« e ¡ x zÛ q"åÇ¨ Ï O QÍqOKå_» ∞ . JO^Œ ∞ =Å# ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ = ~°
~å*Ïºaè+≤‰õΩÎ_»Ü«∂º_»∞ g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤. 14= â◊ ` å|Ì = Ú# N=∞_ç H ˜ J##Î Ü « ∞ º LO_Õ " å_» ∞ ~¸ ''Nq+¨ µ ‚
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=∂Ü«∂<å@Hõ=Ú—— „"åã≤ N "Õ}∞QÀáêÅ™êfiq∞H˜ JOH˜`«q∞KåÛ_»∞.
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JÖÏ¡_» "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ – g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤ (1423–45)
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N q#flHÀ@ ÃÑ^ŒÌ#fl, xÜ≥∂y „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞_»∞. `«O„_ç QÀqO^Œ~åA. H“tHõ
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QÀ„f‰õΩ_»∞. ''HÍ"åºÅOHÍ~° K«∂_®=∞}˜—— „"åâß_»∞ D`«_ô Ü«¸i"å_Õ, 14= â◊`åaÌ"å_Õ.
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JÖÏ¡_»Ô~_ç¤ ‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤ ^˘_®¤Ô~_ç¤ J#flÜ«∞º Ô~_ç¤ g~°∞
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N
#Å∞fi~°∞ ^Œâ ◊~ °^ èŒ∞ x ‰õΩ =∂~°∞ Å =O\˜" å~° ∞ . â◊ „ `« ∞ =ÙÅ Ç¨ Ï ã¨ Î = ÚÖ’ #∞#fl N áÈ_»∂i H˘O_»Hõq : ~¸ Ü«¸i"å_Õ ''ÉèÏ~°æ"åÉèí∞º^ŒÜ«∞=Ú—— „"åâß_»∞
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~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~° ~å*Ïºxfl g~°É„íè ^•Ô~_çH¤ ˜ Jaè¿+Hõ=Ú QÍqOz# "å_»∞ "Õ=∂Ô~_çÜ ¤ ∞Õ .
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~¸`«_»∞ 16= âß`åaÌ"å_»∞.
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JO^Œ∞=Å# g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤ ‰õÄ_® `«#‰õΩ ~å*Ïºxfl JÅiOz# ã¨Ç¨ÏŸ^Œ~°∞#‰õΩ
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ã¨~åfikèHÍ~åezÛ ~Ú~°∞=Ù~°∂ ~åAÅ∞QÍ #∞O_»∞@ "åi ™È^Œ~° ÉèíH˜ÎH˜ x^Œ~°≈#=ÚQÍ N H˘_çK~≥ ¡° Nx"åã¨Hqõ : P„`ÕÜ∞« â◊ QÀ„f‰õΩ_»∞. Éè"í åh H˘O_»Ü∞« Å Ñ¨Ù„`«∞_»∞.
O
~¸ Ü«¸i"å_Õ. 1. âı+^¨ ~Œè ‡° ~°`åflH~õ =° Ú, 2. PO„^è=Œ ∞#∞ ^è~Œ ‡° âßG=ÚÅ∞ „"åã≤#"å_»∞,
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K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û#∞.
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JÖÏ¡_» "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ ã¨Ñ¨Î=∂_çÜ«∞ #$Ñ¨ÙÅ#∞ HõoOQÆ~åAÅ#∞ [~ÚOz 17= âß`åaÌ"å_»∞.

ã≤OÇ¨K«Å=Ú# Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëÈ`«Î=Ú# (Hõ@Hõ=Ú) [Ü«∞ãÎ̈OÉèÏÅ∞ <å>ˇ#∞. "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ Ü≥∞O`« N áÈ_»∂i Nx"åã¨∞_»∞ : [QÆ<åfl^èŒ Ç¨Ç¨`«‡º=Ú „"åã≤#"å_»∞. ~¸
g~°∞_À JO`« =∞Ç¨Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞ ~¸Ü«∞# t"å~°Û#=Ú KÕÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Ü«∂# JÑ¨~°â◊OHõ~°∞x Ü«¸i"å_Õ 18= â◊`åaÌ "≥·+¨‚=Hõq.
=Öˇ HÍxÊOK«∞ "å_»x N<å^èŒ∞_»∞ „Ñ¨â◊OzOK≥#∞.
~¸ JÖÏ¡_» "Õ=∂Ô~_ç¤ ãÖã¨¯ $`åO„^èŒ Hõ=ÙÅ <≥O^Œi<À áÈ+≤OK≥#∞. ''ã¨~°ã¨fif N HõO^Œ∞‰õÄi gˆ~â◊eOQÆO ÑÖ`«∞Å∞QÍ~°∞ [##O (16–4–1848†
Éèí@∞ì—— J#∞"å_»∞ „|Ç¨Ï‡. JO`ÕHÍHõ Ñ¨^Œ"åHõº „Ñ¨=∂}q^Œ∞_»∞ ~¸`«_»∞ N <å^äŒHõq 27–5–1919 x~åº}=Ú) DÜ«∞# „"åÜ«∞x „QÆO^ä•Å∞ ÖË=Ù J~Ú^Œ= `«~°QÆu
™ê~°fiÉè∫=Ú_»∞ HÍjYO_»=Ú#∞ ~°zOK«∞K«∞<åfl_»x qx, N<å^èŒ∞x Ñ≤eÑ≤Oz P "åK«H=õ Ú "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ PO„^èHŒ =õ ÙÅ K«i„`«Å=~°‰Äõ „"åã≤# =∞Ç¨Hõq. ¢ãÑÎ‘ Ù¨ #~ü q"åÇ¨Ï=Ú
=∞Ç¨„QÆO^äŒ=Ú#∞ `«# ™È^Œ~°∞_»∞ g~°Éèí„^•Ô~_ç¤H˜ JOH˜`«=Ú QÍqOÑ¨KÕâß_»∞. [iÑ≤# =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«Ú_»∞ ~¸Hõq q^•ºãÖã¨÷Å∞, =∞# ~å¢+¨ì=∞O`«\Ï QÆÅ=Ù.

20
N "åqÖÏÅ "åã¨∞^Õ=âß¢ãÎ≤ : 1851 Ö’ [xOz 1897 =∞i}ÕKå~°∞.DÜ«∞#
QÆ∂_® Q˘Ñ¨ÊHõqQÍ ¿Ñ~°∞ á⁄O^•~°∞. ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz XHõ ã≤hw`«O
N =_®¤k ã¨∞|ƒ~åÜ«∞Hõq : 1854 Ö’ [##O, 1938Ö’ =∞~°}O xÜ≥∂y ( PO„^èŒ ˆHãï ã≤x=∂ #∞O_ç)
„ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞_»∞, DÜ«∞# KåÖÏ „QÆO^ä•Å∞ „"åâß_»∞ ''ÉèHí zÎõ O`å=∞}˜ â◊`H« =õ Ú—— ~¸Ü«∞xk
J`«ºO`« H©iÎ^≥zÛOk. ÃÑ·=ÚQÆ∞æ~°#∂ P<å_»∂ ~¸Ü«¸i ''Hõq„`«Ü«∞O—— J<Õ"å~°∞. Ñ¨Å¡q : "Õ^ŒOÖÏ ÃÑ¶∂+≤OKÕ QÀ^•=i
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J=∞~°^è•=∞OÖÏ â’aèÖË¡ ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„k
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N N áê^ŒHõ$+¨‚=¸iÎ âß¢ã≤Î : 1866Ö’ [x‡Oz 1960Ö’ =∞~°}ÕKå~°∞.
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ã¨∞=∂~°∞ Ô~O_»∞=O^ŒÅ Ü«∂Éèˇ· =∞Ç¨„QÆO^ä•Å∞ „"åÜ«Ú@ÜÕ∞ QÍHõ ~å=∂Ü«∞} – â◊`åÉÏÌÅ K«i`«QÆÅ ã¨∞O^Œ~° #QÆ~°O
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ÉèÏ~°`« – ÉèÏQÆ=`åÅ∞ „"åÜ«∞QÆey# nè~°∞_»∞ Ñ¨Ó~°‚ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨µ_»∞. D`«xH˜ QÆ`« "≥·Éèí= nÑ¨ÙÎÅ`À Hõ=∞‡x HÍ=ºO II "Õ^ŒOÖÏII
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''Hõq™ê~°fiÉè∫=Ú_»∞—— J#∞ a~°∞^Œ∞O_Õk.
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K«~°}O1 : ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞ HÍHõfÜ«ÚÅ∞
N zÅHõ=∞iÎ ÅH©;#~°ã≤OÇ¨ÏHõq, 1867Ö’ [##O, 1946 Ö’ =∞~°}O,
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D`«_»∞ 90 „QÆO^ä•Å∞ „"åã≤# L^ŒÌO_»Hõq ~¸`«x QÆÜ≥∂áêMÏº# <å@Hõ=Ú `Õ[=Ú#fl "Õ∞\˜ ^˘~°Å∞ Ô~_ç¤~åAÅ∞
QÆ[Ñ¨`«∞Å∞ #~°Ñ¨`«∞Å∞ Ue# T~°∞
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=∞Oz¿Ñ~°∞ `≥zÛOk.
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D ~å[=∞¿ÇÏO„^Œ=~°=Ú ~ÚOÔHO^Œ~À =∞Ç¨Hõ=ÙÅ∞ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì ^Õâ◊=Ú#ˆH ¿Ñ~°∞ `≥KåÛ~°∞. P HŒ^äŒÅhfl x#^≥OKÕ Q“`«q∞Ç¨ÏŸ~°∞ II"Õ^ŒOÖÏII
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W@∞¡ : É∫`«ûHõq â’¡Hõ=Ú : N"å}© yi zÛ~åÜ«∞ ^Œ^èŒ`À =H∆À =ÚMÏOˆQâ◊√
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ÜÕ∞Ö’HÍ<åO H˜∆u=∞Ç¨OK« qkè`åO ¢ã‘ÎÑ¨ÙOâ◊ Ü≥∂QÀ
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#^Œ∞Å∞ "å\˜H˜ [~°∞QÆ∞ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~°=ÚÅ∞ ^Œƒù"åO `Õ "Õ^Œ„`«Ü«∞ =¸~°ÎÜ«∞ ¢ã≤Î Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëêÜ«∞#O
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Ñ¨Ól`åã¨∞û~åÜ«∞ Éèí∂Ü«∞ÃãÂûó Ñ¨Ù~°∞ëÈ`«Î=∂O Éèí∞[
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Godavari Pushkara Mahathyam

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Godavari Pushkara Mahathyam

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��వ� �షక్రమ�తయ్ం

ఉ�త ���ల �దయ్ �ం�ష�

ఈ �ం�ల� ఉ�తం� ఆ� �� � చ��ట�, ��మ�(��ల్�) ����ట� గల ��గ్�:

Website: www.freegurukul.org Mobile App: Free Gurukul email: support@freegurukul.org

ఉ�త ���ల �దయ్ �ం�ష� – Free Gurukul Education Foundation

సరవ్ం పర�తమ్ �ద సమరప్ణమ�త్

Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° „Ñ¨Ü«ÚHõÎ =∞Ç¨Ñ¨~°fix Ñ¨Ù}ºHÍÖË N Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fi~° =ÚkÌâ◊º, N Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°

„Ñ‘`«º~°÷O QÀ^•=s JÑ¶¨∞=∞~°¬} ™êfl#=∞Ç¨ÏO Hõi¿+º (=∞Ç¨=ÚkÌâ◊º, N Ñ¨~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°

™êfl# =∞Ç¨ÏO Hõi¿+º) Jx ã¨OHõÅÊO KÕã≤ ^ŒOÑ¨u Ü«ÚHõOÎ QÍ =¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ =Ú#QÍe,

`«^Œ∞Ñ¨i ã¨∂~°∞ºxH˜ J~°…º „Ñ¨^•#O KÕÜ«∂e.

â’¡IIÉèÏ<ÀÉèÏã¨¯~° =∂~åÎO_» – K«O„^Œ~°t‡ k"åHõ~°ó

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

â’¡IIf~°÷~å[ =∞Ç¨ÉèÏQÆ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~å-Ñ¶¨∞ q<åth

Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åYºO QÆ$Ç¨}Ëâ◊ – ã¨~°fif~å÷aè Ñ¨Ól`« QÀ^•=s ^è•º#O

Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó I W^Œ=∞~°…ºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ II 9 â’¡IIÑ¨^•‡™êºO Ñ¨^Œ‡Ñ¨„`åH©∆O – Ñ¨^Œ‡QÆ~°ƒù ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}©OI

zOÜÕ∞`«Ê^Œ‡ K«~°}ÏO – Ñ¨^•‡ã¨# x"ÕthO II

WO„^•k ^Õ=`åÉè’º#=∞ó I W^Œ=∞~°…ºO ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ II 11 k=ºHõ~°∂Ê~° QÆO^è•_è»º – âıfi`« K«ÛO^Œ# K«iÛ`åOI

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ : =∞e¡HÍ-â’Hõ Ñ¨Ù<åflQÆ – K«OÑ¨ HÍKÀ`«ÊÖÏxK«

QÆOˆQ=∞Ü≥∂Ñ¨g`åx – Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ „Ñ¨u QÆ$Ç¨Ïº`åO

N QÀ^•=Ô~Âº #=∞ó I Ñ¨ÙëêÊ}˜ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞.

FO [QÆ[˚#<≥Âº #=∞ó – *Ï#∞h Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

FO [Ü«∂xfi`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^Œ∂ƒù=∞^èŒº=∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO Q“`«=∞ `«áÈÜ≥∂QÆ ã¨OÉèí∂`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó

FO âßOHõÔ~Âº #=∞ó FO =ã¨∞O^èŒ~åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO =∞^Œ∞Ñ¶¨∂Ü≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó FO HõOK«∞Hõ ^è•i}ˇÂº #=∞ó

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

â’¡II PQÆK«Ûùk`«∞û~åKå~°º – ã≤OÇ¨Ïã¨÷ ã¨∞~°Ñ¨Ól`«

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

Hõ~°∂Ê~åQÆ~°∞ Hõã¨∂Îs ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O K«O^Œ#O t=O FO J=ºÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO ^•#Ç¨Ï~°ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó

ã¨~°fiâß¢™êÎ~°÷ `«`«fi[˝ – ã‘fi‰õΩ~°∞+¨fi #"≥∂ã¨∞Î`Õ FO *ˇ·„`Õ #=∞ó FO ã¨∞~°=∞O„u}Ë #=∞ó

`«™ê‡^Œº[˚`«û~°fi –––– Ü«∞`« JHõ∆`å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ FO [Ü«∞O`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO qqHÍÎÜ«∞ #=∞ó

FO [Ü«∞^•Ü«∞ #=∞ó FO J^èŒfi~°Hõ$`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó

FO r"åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =~åÜ«∞ #=∞ó

FO J#O`åÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO ^•#ã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó

FO kè+¨}ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO =t<Õ #=∞ó

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

FO ã¨fi=∞`å#∞QÆ~åQÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó =∞O„`Ñ« Ù¨ +¨ÊO : ^è•`åÑ¨Ù~°™êÎ .....q^Œº`Õ

J[OeO `«= ^•™êºq∞ – ã¨~°fiÑ¨Ù+¨Ê=∞<ÀÇ¨Ï~°O

QÆ$Ç¨} `å~°HÍ~°∂Ñ¨ ã¨~°fi^Õ"åaèÑ¨Ól`«.

FO HÍÅ|∞∞yfi„`Õ #=∞ó #=∞¿ãÎ ^Õ= QÆ∞~°"Õ – #=∞¿ãÎ qÉèí∞^•kèÑ¨

FO JcèëêìÜ«∞ #=∞ó FO z`«ÎQÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó N |$Ç¨Ïã¨Ê`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „Ñ¨^ŒH˜∆} #=∞™ê¯~å<£ ã¨=∞~°ÊÜ«∂q∞

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

^Œ∞Ç≤Ï„`åk `«`À<ÕºëêO – âı+¨O ^ŒH˜∆}`À qkèó

Ñ¨ÙOÑ≤O_»O <å=∞`«¢¿ãÎ}ÏO – `«`«∞Ê„`«O ã¨=ÚÑ¨ã≤÷`«O

8. 30,7,03 6,8,03 Ñ¨ÓÅ∞, HõO^Œ=¸ÖÏÅ∞

9. 31,7,03 7,8,03 Hõ<åº^•#O, Ñ≤O_» „Ñ¨^•#O

â’¡II f~°÷ „âß^Õú QÆÜ«∂„âß^Õú – ^Œ~°≈„âß^Õú =∞Ç¨ÅÜÕ∞

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

HÀáêyfl <å~åÜ«∞}∞x áê^•Å∞ âßOuOKå~Ú. N <å~åÜ«∞}∞x áê^•|˚

Ü«ÚQÍaè¿+Hõ=Ú =Å# Ñ¨q„`«"≥∞ÿ# f~°÷"Õ∞ QÆOQÍ#k, P =∞Ç¨#k ~°OQÆ^Œ∞`«∞ÎOQÆ

`«~°OQÍÅ`À Ñ¨~°=à◊√§ „`˘‰õΩ¯`«∞Ok. JÖÏ Ñ¨~°=à◊√§ „`˘‰õΩ¯`«∞#fl QÆOQÆ=∞‡`«e¡x

Ñ¨@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ Ü≥∞=~°∂ ã¨=∞~°∞úÅ∞ HÍ=_»O ÖË^Œ∞. ~ÚOHõ P =∞Ç¨`«e¡ =ÚÖ’¡HÍbfl

=ÚOK«∞`«∞O^Œx Ü≥∂zOz <å~°^•^Œ∞Å∞ Ñ¨~°=∞t=Ùx „áêiúOKå~°∞. ^ŒÜ«∂=∞Ü«Ú_®

â◊OHõ~° ÉèíQÆ"å#∞_»∞ `«# [\ÏE\Ï_»q Ü«∞O^• QÆOQÍ^ÕqH˜ ™ê÷#=Ú HõeÊOz

QÀ^•=i=∂`«#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx=KåÛ~°∞. Q“`«=∞=Úx =Å# =zÛ#O^Œ∞# ''Q“`«q∞—— Ü«∞x

âßºÅHõó ''QÀ^•=i—— Ü«∞x Ñ≤Å∞=|_çOk.

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

=∞Ç¨ÏŸ^•~°∞_»∞. HõqÑ¨O_ç`« áÈ+¨‰õΩ_»∞, =ÚYº=ÚQÍ PO„^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ P~å^èŒº=∞QÆ∞

™êfl#=ÚQÍqOz Q“`«=Úx =Å# `å#∞ á⁄Ok# âßáêxfl ÉÏã≤ =∞~°Å ã¨∞ˆ~O„^Œ∞_≥·

ã¨fi~°æ=Ú#∞ q_çz Ü≥∞K«Û\˜H© "≥à◊¡=^ŒÌx Hõ@ì_ç KÕâß~°∞. ^•x=Å# Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~° f~°÷=Ú

J=∞~°Ö’HÍxfl q_çz XHõ¯ J_»∞QÆ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "ÕÜ«∞ÖËHõ áÈÜ«∂_»∞.

P^è•ºu‡Hõ, *’ºu+¨, "åã¨∞Î,"≥·^Œº, =∞O„`«âß„™êÎk „QÆO^èŒ=ÚÅ‰õΩ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£Ñ¨a¡ˆH+¨<£û, HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O,~å[=∞O„_ç.

x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. „áê}Ç≤Ï`«——‰õΩ =ÚÑ¨Êk "≥∞ÿà◊√§ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ Éèí„^•K«ÅO `åÅ∂HÍ ã¨iÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞ K«∞\˜ì

=zÛOk. JO`«Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ~¸ QÀ^•=iH˜ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯~åÖˇ<Àfl =zÛ<å, ~å[ ~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ∞_»∞

ఉ�త ��ల �దయ్ �ం�ష�

ఈ �ం�ల� ఉ�తం� ఆ� �� చ��ట�, ��మ�(��ల్�) ��ట� గల ��గ్�:

ఉ�త ��ల �దయ్ �ం�ష� – Free Gurukul Education Foundation