Normal Shock

Waves
Lecture 24

ME EN 412
Andrew Ning
aning@byu.edu

Outline

Normal Shock Waves

Example
 Normal Shock Waves

Normal Shock Waves

2
Prandtl relation

u1 u2 = a∗ 2

u2 ρ1 2 + (γ − 1)M12
= =
u1 ρ2 (γ + 1)M12

P2 2γ
=1+ (M12 − 1)
P1 γ+1

T2 h2 P 2 ρ1
= =
T1 h1 P 1 ρ2
 10

8
P2 /P1
6
ρ2 /ρ1
4
T2 /T1
2

0
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
M1

s
2 + (γ − 1)M12
M2 =
2γM12 − (γ − 1)

1.0

0.8

0.6
M2

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
M1
Total temperature is constant across a shock wave

T0 1 = T0 2

Total pressure decreases.

1  γ
2
  γ−1  γ−1
P0 2 γ+1 (γ + 1)M1
=
P0 1 2γM12 − (γ − 1) 2 + (γ − 1)M12

1.0

0.8

0.6
P0 2 /P0 1

0.4

0.2

0.0
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
M1
For each of these quantities, do they increase,
decrease, or stay the same after passing through a
normal shock wave?

• Mach number
• velocity
• pressure
• stagnation pressure
• temperature
• stagnation temperature
• density
• entropy

1 2 3 4

An Album of Fluid Motion, Van Dyke

 Example

The SR-71 aircraft was design to fly at M∞ = 3.2 at

85,000 feet. Assume there was a bow shock in
front of the aircraft1 , what would the stagnation
temperature and pressure be at the nose.

1
the aircraft is designed with a pointed nose to create oblique shocks,
but we haven’t covered oblique shocks yet, instead think of a blunt nosed
missile