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Contents
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Pressure
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Pressure
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pn sin(θ)
• Since force is vector,
making component pn cos(θ)
balance of forces.
• Summation of forces
must equal zero (no
acceleration) in both
the x and z
directions.
• X-component:
Δs
Δz
Sinθ=Δz/Δs
θ
Δx
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Pressure
8
pn sin(θ)
Z-component balances:
pn cos(θ)
1
p z − pn − ρg∆z = 0
2
In the limit as the fluid wedge shrinks Δs
to a “point,’’ Δz0: Δz
cosθ=Δx/Δs
θ
Δx
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where,
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• Therefore,
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• Substituting gives,
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Absolute Pressure,
Gage Pressure and Vacuum 18
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Pressure Variation in a
Static Fluid 19
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Incompressible Liquids:
Manometers 20
Integrating in limits,
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Incompressible Liquids:
Manometers 21
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Manometers: Application of
Fluid Statics 22
• Manometer (pressure
gauge)
The manometer is an
important device for
measuring pressure
differences.
U tube manometer (or
reverse U tube)
Inclined manometer
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U-tube Manometer
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U-tube Manometer
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ρA
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U-tube Manometer… pa pb
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U-tube Manometer…
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Inclined manometer
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pa − pb = gR(
m ρ A − ρ B) Straight U-tube manometer
R1
p a − pb = g ( ρ A − ρ B ) R1 sin α Rm
Sinα=Rm/R1
α
Inclined manometer
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Example
28
(mathematical
expression)
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Soln
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Soln.
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Example
31
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Continuous Gravity
Decanter 32
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HIwquOWV04
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Continuous Gravity
Decanter 33
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Continuous Gravity
Decanter 34
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Example
(2.4 & 2.5 of T2) 35
Continuous Gravity
Decanter 36
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Centrifugal decanter
37
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDhueH3q6Y4
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium in a
Centrifugal Field 38
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium in a
Centrifugal Field… 39
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium in a
Centrifugal Field… 40
p2 − p1 = ρω 2 rdr
r1
Problem
2.6 of T2 41
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Centrifugal Decanter
42
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Centrifugal Decanter
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Barometric Equation
44
Barometric Equation
45
P M
ln b = − gZ
Pa Rg T
Barometric Equation:
Pb gM
= exp − Z
Pa Rg T
gMZ
if << 1 Taylor expand: e − x ≈ 1 − x if x << 1
Rg T
Pb gM PM
= 1 − Z Pb = Pa − a gZ = [Pa − ρgZ ]
Pa RgT RgT
gMZ
if ≤ 0.1 or Z ≤ 800m
Rg T
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Example
46
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// Thank You //
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