2011 AR 403

History of
Architecture - III
Module - II
Lecture - 3
Modernism - Early European - Auguste Perret, Adolf Loos

Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.
 WESTERN ARCHITECTURE

PRE-HISTORIC
NEO GOTHIC
S1S2

CLASSICAL ROCOCCO
ART DECO
BYZANTINE NEOCLASSICISM

20th Century
MODERNISM
ROMANESQUE ART NOUVEAU
POST MODERNISM

S4
GOTHIC ARTS & CRAFTS
DE- CONTRUCTIVISM
S3

RENAISSANCE BEAUX ARTS

PARAMETRICISM
BAROQUE
 Module - 2
1800 AD - 1950 AD
ART NOUVEAU

ARTS & CRAFTS

BEAUX ARTS

NEO GOTHIC

ART DECO

MODERNISM
Modern Architecture
Modern architecture - Influence of new material and techniques, demand for new types of
building, influence of technology- Chicago School, Eclecticism, Art and Crafts movement,
Art Nouveau, Peter Behrens, Antoni Gaudi, Victor Horta, Louis Sullivan's contribution to
American architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright, Organic Architecture, European Modern
Architecture, Auguste Perret, Adolf Loos.
 Module - 3
1950 AD - 2000 AD
MODERNISM

POST MODERNISM

DE- CONTRUCTIVISM

Modern Architecture
Influence of other visual arts on Architecture, The Bauhaus School, Walter Gropius, Erich
Mendelsohn, Mies Van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Gio Ponti, Pier Luigi Nervi,
Philip Johnson, Eero Saarinen, Oscar Niemeyer, Kenzo Tange, Jørn Utzon, B.V Doshi,
Charles Correa, Geoffrey Bawa - Post modern Architecture- Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry,
Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelblau, Rem Koolhaas,
Daniel Libeskind, and Bernard Tschumi
 Module - 2 & 3
1880 AD - 2000 AD
ART NOUVEAU

ARTS & CRAFTS

ECLECTICISM

MODERNISM

POST MODERNISM
 MODERNISM

AMERICAN MODERNISM EUROPEAN MODERNISM MODERNISM (REST OF

THE WORLD)

CHICAGO SCHOOL EXPRESSIONISM BAUHAUS AUGUSTE PERRET

GROPIUS ADOLF LOOS
CORBUSIER
MIES
LOUIS SULLIVAN

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

PHILIP JOHNSON
GIO PONTI KENZO OSCAR CORREA
P.L. NERVI TANGE NIEMEYER B.V. DOSHI
ALVAR AALTO (JAPAN) (BRAZIL) BAWA
JORN UTZON (SOUTH
(REST OF ASIA)
EUROPE)
 MODERNISM
- replaced Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Arts & Crafts
Movements.

- A global phenomenon - not just in Architecture

but in Arts & Literature eg. Cubism (Pablo Picasso)

- Felt the effects in far of regions like Asia (unlike

previous styles)

- Evolved to Post modernism - but still Modernism

relevant even today.
Factors affecting Modernism :

1. Industrial Revolution (Quick construction of buildings)

2. Housing for Working Class
3. Rise of New Materials - Steel, Concrete
4. Spread of Press & Media
5. Collective Thinking to Individual Thinking
6. Emergence of New Schools
7. Population influx to Cities
8. Seeking Validity for existing Architectural 'Styles'
 MODERNISM
EUROPEAN MODERNISM
EARLY EUROPEAN MODERNISM

1. Auguste Perret (France) : 1874-1954

2. Adolf Loos (Austria) : 1870-1933
1. AUGUSTE PERRET (FRANCE) : 1874-1954
Ru Franklin Apartments
Paris, 1904
Theatre des Champs - Elysees
Paris, 1913
Notre Dame Du Raincy
France, 1922
Perret Tower
Grenoble,1924
Le Havre City Renovation
Le Havre, 1944-
2. ADOLF LOOS (AUSTRIA) : 1870-1933
"Only a very small part of architecture belongs to art: the tomb and
the monument. Everything else, everything that serves a purpose,
should be excluded from the realms of art."
Barcelona Pavilion, Mies Van der Rohe - PLAN LIBRE
Glass House, Philip Johnson - OPEN PLAN
Shodhan House, Le Corbusier - PLAN LIBRE
Villa Muller, Adolf loos - RAUM PLAN
Steiner House
Vienna, 1910
Looshaus (Goldman & Salatsch Building)
Vienna, 1910
Scheu House
Vienna, 1912
Villa Muller
Prague, 1930
"My architecture is not conceived by drawings, but by spaces. I do
not draw plans, facades or sections… For me, the ground floor, first
floor do not exist… There are only interconnected continual spaces,
rooms, halls, terraces… Each space needs a different height… These
spaces are connected so that ascent and descent are not only
unnoticeable, but at the same time functional”