Chapter 2

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

This chapter shows the related literature and research studies after

comprehensive and complete. This will also present the theoretical background,

conceptual framework and definition of terms.

Related Literature

According to John White (February,2015) on his study about the purpose of

the Student Information System (SIS) it is to house data regarding a student’s

demographic characteristics, enrollment history in particular schools, attendance

history, disciplinary history, and projected class schedules. During each reporting

period, school districts are required to submit records for students enrolled in school.

For the beginning of the school year data collection (October 1), districts must submit

records of enrollments, exits, and no shows. Enrollments and exits through the end of

this period are encouraged as this information is used to correctly pre-code and source

testing books. Records of disciplinary actions and attendance are also mandatory

during this period because this information is used by Special Education (SPED)

Directors and helps to identify issues early during the school year. 504records are

required if a student meets 504 eligibilities. Certain districts are required to submit

Address Records to identify the district the student would have normally attended

which is used to determine which district the funding will be pulled from for MFP

purposes. For the End-of-Year (EOY) data collection, records of enrollments, exits,

attendance, and any disciplinary actions.

According to Robert M. Davison (November 2017), The Information Systems

Journal (ISJ) is an international journal promoting the study of, and interest in,

information systems. Articles are welcome on research, practice, experience, current

issues and debates. The ISJ encourages submissions that reflect the wide and

interdisciplinary nature of the subject and articles that integrate technological

disciplines with social, contextual and management issues, based on research using

appropriate research methods.

According to Eileen Bayangan-Cosidon (September 2016), the online Student

Information System of Benguet State University (2013) it would be a new way of

record management and transaction processing that would achieve efficiency on

processing student information. It would be a Great help to the administrative

personnel, academic personnel, grantors or stakeholders, and student updating,

retrieving and generating student data. The main objective of the study was to design

us standalone student information System of Benguet state University.

Medel (2015) mentioned that a manual information system is one that does not

rely on any computerized systems and a computer-based information system does. A

manual-based system will see information recorded and kept in different ways such as

files in paper form. Whereas a computer-based information system will see data

stored on various computer programs including on databases, Word documents, Excel

etc.

This study supports the proponents’ proposed system by using a database technology

for Barangay Unang Sigaw’s Computerized Barangay Resident Information

Management with Issuance System; this can help them to have an accurate

information about their residents which they can use for their reports that will help

them in their upcoming LGU meetings.

In a study of Martinez (2018) The Computerized Barangay Information System is

appropriate for use of barangay employees, who have access to profile information of
barangay residents for the direct reports. Moreover, departmental organizational staffs

which have a business need for this information for their business unit can also

benefit. This is responsible for an effective and efficient approach for barangay

employees and residents. It will help them accomplish tasks faster and would also

eliminate the need of a large staff. It will provide profile-based information for

residents.

According to Patricia Faulhaber (2015), Record management is a systematic,

organized, planned and controlled process of managing or tracking the life cycle of

records. A record can be a tangible paper object or it can be in digital or electronic

form. Records can keep on financial, medical, informative, formal documents, office

documents, payroll, government forms and emails among hundreds of other types of

records. Record management addresses the three phases of the life cycle of records:

The creation or the receipt of a record; the maintenance, safe storage, retrieval, or

general use of a record; the disposal of a record.

According to Opeyemi Abisoye and Abisoye Blessing (June 2015), on their

study the Web Based Career Guidance Information System for Pre-Tertiary Institution

Students in Nigeria this system is very important to our Educational System. We have

an existing Manual Career Guidance System with human counselors in charge, but

this system is plagued with the following problems: few numbers of human

counselors, unavailability of a counselor in a good number of schools, few numbers of

counselors attending to students during school hours and the office of a counselor in

schools are so unpopular that students hardly meet them for career counseling. We

have been able to design an Online Career Guidance Information System targeting

students in pre tertiary institutions in Nigeria to solve the afore-mentioned problems.

The Online Web Based Career Guidance system was designed and implemented using

data collected from interviewing human counselors and surveys. 

According to USAID website (April 26,2016), on their study The Employee

Information Management System (EIMS) is the Office of Human Resources' web-

based employee information system. Direct-hire employees can access and review

their USAID personnel information, such as personal locator, employee data records,

FS performance report cards, FS assignments, and incentive awards. Employees can

also update their emergency contact information. EIMS is a single sign-on intranet

application containing seven sub-systems: Emergency Locator system, Biographic

Register system, Foreign Service Report Card system, Foreign Service Assignment

system, Annual Evaluation Tracking system, Incentive Awards system, Employee

Data Record (EDR) reporting. EIMS is an Oracle Database providing HR personnel

data from the prior Agency Personnel System and the National Finance Center (NFC).

According to Eileen Bayangan-Cosidon, (September 2016) on their study the

“A proposed Student Information System for Kalinga State University-Rizal

Campus”. This study aimed to improve the efficiency of the existing Student

Information System of Kalinga State University Rizal campus. To attain this

objective, an assessment of the existing system was done through observation and

interview methods from the Acting Registrar, Campus Secretary, Faculty Members

and students. Results reveal that the existing student information system met the five

requirements: reusability, maintainability, security, usefulness and functionality and

evaluation on the system appeal of a quality software only to a “moderate extent”.

Moreover, reliability of the existing system was given a “low extent” rating. Based on

the assessment results, the existing student information system was refined to include

suggestions such as the inclusion of online query access, online accessibility of

student information, and role-based security in the system. During the try-out of the

developed student information system, it was assessed with “high extent” of

effectiveness in terms of all system components except for its usability and efficiency

which is rated as “moderate extent”. The developed Student Information System

provided greater satisfaction to the users compared with the existing system for an

efficient querying of student information records, keeping the student records in a

more secure manner, and it gives more reliable information records of students in

Kalinga State University Rizal campus.

According to Maria Cecilia G. Cantos (October 5,2016), on her study the

Mobile Web-Based Student Integrated Information System. This paper describes a

conducive and structured information exchange environment for the students of the

College of Computer Studies in Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation in Lucena

City, Philippines. The system was developed to help the students check their

academic result every end of the semester, make self-enlistment that would assist the

students to manage their academic status that can be viewed in their mobile phones.

This system would also help the dean to predict how many numbers of sections to be

created for the next semester.

Theoretical Framework

One of the most well-known models investigating resistance to new

technologies in the workplace was developed by Davis (1989) in the Technology

Acceptance Model (TAM). In its simplest 1989 form, Davis devised a scale that

produced measures on two factors, ease of use and perceived usefulness. Scores on

these two sub-scales have been shown to correlate with the use/acceptance of

technology, particularly in information system (Davis, 1989).

 The TAM takes forward the idea that an individual’s actions can be predicted

from a number of known variables, which constitute two factors: perceived ease of

use and perceived usefulness. Perceived ease of use is defined by Davis (1989) to be

the degree to which an individual believes that a particular system would be free of

effort, while perceived usefulness is the degree to which an individual believes that a

particular system will enhance job performance. Both these two constructs achieved a

reliability measure of Cronbach’s Alpha (Cronbach, 1951) greater than 0.90 in two

successive studies (Davis, 1989), suggesting high internal reliability within each

scale. Correlations between the subscales and actual system use in figure 1, suggest a

causal pattern where perceived ease of use predicts perceived usefulness, which in

turn predicts use. Additionally, usefulness is more strongly linked to Usage than Ease

of Use is linked to Usage. This suggests users will put up with some difficulty in use,

if the system provides some critical function.

Figure 1

Model suggesting causal direction of influence on technology acceptance

(Davis, 1989)
Both subscales also correlated significantly with reported indicators of

technology use for those systems under investigation. This specification of the link
 between self-report and usage is encouraging and the TAM is a good instrument to

understand how people come to accept technology and continue in its use. The

widespread use of the TAM also suggests it is applicable to many areas of use, such

as education and social applications of technology. However, the interaction between

technology and its acceptance for use is multi-faceted and so the TAM with just its

two constructs of ease of use and usefulness may not capture all the components

necessary to predict user acceptance.

Conceptual Framework

 This study was anchored on the development of Web-Based Information

System for Masinloc Rehabilitation Center which has been assessed by respondents’

and client in terms of system quality and acceptability respectively. 

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

System Engineering
using Agile
  
Survey Questionnaire WEB-BASED
Functionality Interviews INFORMATION
Level of Acceptability Statistical Tools: SYSTEM FOR
Level of System Frequency MASINLOC
Quality Mean REHABILITATION
Percentage CENTER
Likert scale Masinloc, Zambales

FEEDBACK
Figure 2

Figure 1
Paradigm of the Study
Hypothesis

A research hypothesis is an educated guess about relationships/differences in the

possible result of scientific research. It should be a precise and testable testament. A

good hypothesis converts the research question into a specific statement about the

relationship between two or more research variables to predict an expected outcome.

It is important to know about the research hypothesis and its type to every researcher.

This research study establishes the following hypothesis.

1. There is no significant difference between the employees and patients on the

software quality of Web-based Information System using the ISO/IEC 25010

metrics.

2. There is no significant difference between the employees and patients on the

level of acceptability of Web-based Information System for Masinloc

Rehabilitation Center. 

Definition of Terms

Information System. An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and

processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products.

Rehabilitation. The action of restoring someone to health or normal life through

training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.

  Rehabilitation Center.  Is a facility that seeks to help individuals recover from a

variety of ailments, some physical and others caused by substance abuse or mental

illness patients. Web-Based Application.  Is application software that runs on a web
server, unlike computer-based software programs that are run locally on the operating

system (OS) of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a web

browser with an active network connection. 

EIMS. Employee Information Management System 

ICT. Information and Communication Technology

TAM. Technology Acceptance Model