STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

1.1 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARD

The following codes, standards, and references were used in the design of the Structural Works.

1) National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) C101-10, 6th Edition, 2010

2) Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Edition, International Conference of Building Officials

3) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Publications

a. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary – American Concrete
Institute (ACI 318) 2002 Edition

b. Details and Detailing of Reinforcement for Concrete

4) Manual of Steel Construction – American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 9 th Edition

5) Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, ASEP Guide, 1991 Edition

6) Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles

1.2 DESIGN LOADINGS

1.2.1 Live Loads

Room Name kPa

Roof 1.9

1.2.2 Live Load Reduction

The design live load was reduced on members supporting more than 14 m 2, except for floors in
places of public assembly and for floor live loads greater than 4.80 kPa, in accordance with the
following equation:

R = r (A-14)

The reduction shall not exceed 40 percent for members receiving load from one level only, 60
percent for other members or R, as determined by the following equation:

R = 23.1 (1 + D/L)

Where:

A = area of floor or roof supported by the member, square meter.

D = dead load per square meter of area supported by the
member.
L = unit live load per square meter of area supported by the member.
R = reduction in percentage.
r = rate of reduction equal to 0.08 percent for floors.
 For storage loads exceeding 4.80 kPa, no reduction shall be made, except that design live load
on columns may be reduced 20 percent.

The live load reduction shall not exceed 40 percent in garages for the storage of private
pleasure cars having a capacity of not more than nine passengers per vehicle.

1.2.3 Dead Loads

Self-Weight kN/m3
Steel 77.0

1.2.4 Superimposed Dead Load

Material kPa

Partitions :
 Dry wall Partition 0.96
Floor Finish + Topping 1.20
Ceiling + Utilities 0.5

1.2.5 Lateral Loads

1.2.5.1 Wind Load

Design Code: NSCP 2010

Wind Pressure Zone: Zone II
Basic Wind Speed: 200 kph
Velocity Pressure, q: 47.3x10-6 Kz Kzt
V2 Iw Importance Factor, Iw : 1.0
Exposure Category: B
Design Wind Pressure, P: P = q G Cp – qh (GCpi)

1.2.5.2 Earthquake Loads

Seismic Code: Uniform Building Code 1997 / NSCP

2010 Seismic Zone: Zone 4, Z=0.4

Soil Profile Type: SD (Stiff Soil Profile)
Building Base: Ground Level
Seismic Source Proximity: < 5 km from Valley Fault System (Seismic Source Type A)

Design Earthquake Load, E = ρEh + Ev

where :

E = the earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting from the combination
of the horizontal component, Eh, and the vertical component, Ev

Eh = the earthquake load due to the base shear, V or the design lateral force, Fp.
 Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the earthquake ground
motion and is equal to an addition of 0.5CaID to the dead load effect, D, for
Strength Design, and may be taken as zero for Allowable Stress Design.

ρ = Reliability/Redundancy factor as given by the following equation:

ρ = 1, when calculating drift or when the structure is located in Seismic Zone 0,1 or 2

6.1
ρ2
rmax AB

where : rmax = the maximum element-story shear ratio. For a given direction
of loading, the element-story shear ratio is the ratio of the
design story shear in the most heavily loaded single element
divided by the total design story shear.

AB = the ground floor area of the structure in square meter. For any
given Story Level i, the element-story shear ratio is denoted as
ri. The maximum element-story shear ratio rmax is defined as
the largest of the element story shear ratios, ri, which occurs
in any of the story levels at or below the two-thirds height level
of the building.

Design Base Shear for Static Force Procedure:

CvI
V W
RT 2.5CaI
 R W
 0.11CaIW

0.8ZNvI
 R W

where :

V = Total Design Lateral Force or Shear at the Base

Z = Seismic Zone Factor
I = Importance Factor
T = Ct(hn)3/4, Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration of the Structure, in seconds, in
the direction under consideration.
Ct = Numerical Coefficient for Structure
= 0.085 for steel moment-resisting frames.
= 0.073 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames.
= 0.0488 for other structures
hn = the height of structure
Ca = 0.40Na, Seismic Coefficient for Structure
Cv = 0.672Nv, Seismic Coefficient for
Structure Na = 1.0
Nv = 1.0
R = Numerical Coefficient Representative of the Inherent Overstrength and Global
Ductility Capacity of the Lateral-Force-Resisting System
W = Total Seismic Dead Load
 Seismic Parameters
Seismic Zone, Z 0.4
Importance Factor 1.0
Seismic Source Type A
R (Shear-Wall-Frame Interaction System) 8.5

1.3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.3.1.1 Structural Steel

Yield strength, Fy
Rolled Sections (ASTM A36) 248 MPa
Cold-formed Sections (ASTM A446) 276 MPa

Tensile strength, Fu
High Strength Bolts (ASTM A325) 830 MPa
Normal Bolts (ASTM A307) 414 MPa
Welding Electrodes (E70XX) 414 MPa
1.4 STORY DRIFT LIMITATION

1.5.1 Wind Load

Maximum drift index limit was set at 0.003 to 0.005. The design wind loads was calculated
using the guidelines of NSCP C101-10. Calculated drift includes translational, torsional
deflections and P∆ effects.

1.5.2 Seismic Load

Calculated story drift using ∆m shall not exceed 0.025 times the story height for structures
having fundamental period of less than 0.7 second. For structures having a fundamental period
of 0.7 second or greater, the calculated story drift shall not exceed 0.020 times the story
height.

The maximum inelastic response displacement, ∆m shall be computed as follows:

∆m = 0.7 * R *
∆s

where ∆s is the resulting deformations from a static, elastic analysis of the lateral force-
resisting system prepared using the design seismic forces. Alternatively, dynamic analysis may
be performed in accordance with UBC97 Section 1631. The mathematical model shall comply
with UBC97 Section 1630.1.2. Calculated drift shall include translational and torsional
deflections.

The design lateral forces used to determine the calculated drift disregard the limitations of
UBC97 Equations (30-6) and was based on the period determined from UBC97 Equation (30-
10) neglecting the 30 or 40 percent limitations of UBC97 Section 1630.2.2, Item 2.

The analysis used to determine the Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, ∆m have
considered P∆ effects.

1.5 ANALYSIS

1.6.1 General

The analysis was carried out in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 /
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2010. A three dimensional model was used
in the analysis using ETABS version 6 - Integrated Building Design Software.
1.6.2 Vertical Load Analysis

Vertical load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.1 to 1.2.4.

Procedure was as follows:

1. Choose a structural framing system considering the material chosen, use or occupancy
and height
2. Layout the vertical load and lateral load resisting framing system
3. Layout the floor framing system
4. Determine floor slab dead and live load
5. Analyze and determine required thickness of floor slab
6. Distribute floor loads to beam using method recommended by ACI.
7. Use a three dimensional model for the structural analysis and apply the corresponding
 dead and live loads.
8. Use Ieffective (Effective Moment of Inertia) of structural members as required by ACI/UBC
e.g. 0.70Igross for columns, 0.35Igross for beams (See ACI318-99 10.11, UBC97 1910.11)