LEARNING AREA MATHEMATICS 10

GRADING PERIOD THIRD QUARTER

TEACHER’S NAME TIFFANY JOY L. GAMBALAN
MODULE NO. MODULE 3.4
DATE JANUARY 3 – 7, 2022

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 Illustrate the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles and percentiles
 Calculate a specified measure of position (e.g. 90th percentile) of a set of data
 Interpret measures of position
 Solve problems involving measures of position that shows honor and righteousness

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, the learner shall be able to:
 illustrate the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles and percentiles
 calculate a specified measure of position (e.g. 90th percentile) of a set of data
 interpret measures of position
 solve problems involving measures of position that shows honor and righteousness

TOPIC: MEASURES OF POSITION: QUARTILE

VALUE FOCUS: HONOR & RIGHTEOUSNESS

EXPLORE (S)

In the diagram, ̅̅̅̅

𝑨𝑩 represents a ranked data.

𝒙+𝒚
The midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑩 represented by 𝑪 is 𝟐 .

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What does 𝑪 represent?

2. If 𝑫 is the midpoint of 𝑨𝑪
̅̅̅̅, find the coordinates in terms of 𝒙 and 𝒚.

3. If 𝑬 is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

𝑩𝑪, find its coordinates in terms 𝒙 and 𝒚.

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 EXTENSION (S)

THE QUARTILES (Q1, Q2, Q3)

The quartiles are points that divided a ranked data into four parts. Each set of data has three quartiles.

1. FIRST QUARTILE (Q1) is represented by 𝐷 in Exploration.

𝑄1 is a number such that at most one – fourth or 25% of the data are smaller in value than 𝑄1 ,
and at most three – fourths or 75% are larger. 𝑄1 is sometimes called the lower quartile.

2. SECOND QUARTILE (Q2) is represented by 𝐶 in Exploration.

𝑄2 is a number such that at most one – half or 50% of the data are below and above in value
than 𝑄2 . 𝑄2 is obviously the median.

3. THIRD QUARTILE (Q3) is represented by 𝐸 in Exploration.

𝑄3 is a number such that at most three – fourths or 75% of the data are smaller in value than
𝑄3 , and at most one – fourth or 25% are larger. 𝑄2 is sometimes called the upper quartile.

Quartiles can be represented by the diagram below when the given data is arranged in increasing order.

(𝑛+1)
If there are 𝑛 observations in a set of data, then 𝑄1 can be identified as the 𝑡ℎ observation, and 𝑄3 as the
4
3(𝑛+1)
𝑡ℎ observation.
4

EXAMPLE 1:
Consider the date set 𝐴 = {15, 19, 23, 25, 37, 39, 43}. Find the lower quartile and the upper quartile.

SOLUTION:
List the date in increasing order.

15 19 23 25 37 39 43

𝑛+1 3(𝑛 + 1)
𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4 4
7+1 3(7 + 1)
𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4 4
𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟔𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

The lower quartile (𝑄1 ), which is the 2nd observation is 19.

The upper quartile (𝑄3 ), which is the 6th observation is 39.

The difference between the upper quartile (𝑄1 ), and the lower quartile (𝑄3 ) in a set of data is the
interquartile range.
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

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EXAMPLE 2:
Consider the data set 𝐵 = {48, 39, 57, 32, 28, 63, 51,54, 36}. Find (a) the median, (b) 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 and (c) the
interquartile range.

EXAMPLE 3:
The final exam scores of 18 students are (in increasing order):
𝟐𝟒, 𝟓𝟖, 𝟔𝟏, 𝟔𝟕, 𝟕𝟏, 𝟕𝟑, 𝟕𝟔, 𝟕𝟗, 𝟖𝟐, 𝟖𝟑, 𝟖𝟓, 𝟖𝟕, 𝟖𝟖, 𝟖𝟖, 𝟗𝟐, 𝟗𝟑, 𝟗𝟒, 𝟗𝟕 Find the lower quartile (Q1), the median, and the
upper quartile (Q3).

YOUR TURN:
Consider the data set 𝐶 = {43,44,52,37,23,68,46,59,31}. Find (a) the median, (b) 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 and (c) the interquartile
range.

Pause for a while! ANSWER W.S 3.4, No. 1

QUARTILES FOR GROUPED DATA (Q1 and Q3)

The steps in the computation of the median are also followed in the computations of 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 . We know that
when we calculate for the median, we determine first the mean of the median class. In the same manner, the
𝑄1 class and the 𝑄3 class must be determined first before computing for the 𝑄1 and 𝑄3 .

FORMULA: QUARTILES FOR GROUPED DATA (Q1 and Q3)

𝑁 3𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏 − 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄1 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖 𝑄3 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑞1 𝑓𝑞3

Where:
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑄1 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑁 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑄1 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑓𝑞1 /𝑓𝑞3 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑄1 /𝑄3 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑖 = 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙

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EXAMPLE 1:
The following table shows the daily wages of 40 workers.

Daily Wages (₱) Frequency

426 – 450 3
401 – 425 12
376 – 400 9
351 – 375 8
326 – 350 5
301 – 325 3
N = 40

a. Find 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 and 𝑄3 .
b. Find the interquartile range.

SOLUTION:
Prepare a cumulative frequency table.
Daily Wage of 40 Workers

Daily Wages (₱) Frequency <cf

426 – 450 3 40
401 – 425 12 37
376 – 400 9 25
351 – 375 8 16
326 – 350 5 8
301 – 325 3 3
N = 40
𝑁 40
a. 𝑄1 class: = = 10
4 4
Class Interval : 351 − 375
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 350.5
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 8
𝑓𝑞1 = 8
𝑖 = 25
𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄1 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑞1
10 − 8
= 350.5 + ( ) 25
8
= 356.75

𝑄2 = 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
2𝑁 40
𝑄2 class or median class: 4 = 4 = 20
Class Interval : 376 − 400
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 375.5
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 16
𝑓𝑞1 = 9
𝑖 = 25
𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄2 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 2 )𝑖
𝑓𝑞2
20 − 16
= 375.5 + ( ) 25
9
= 386.61

3𝑁 3(40)
𝑄3 class: = = 30
4 4
Class Interval : 401 − 425
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 400.5
𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 25
𝑓𝑞1 = 12
𝑖 = 25

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 3𝑁
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄3 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + ( 4 )𝑖
𝑓𝑞1
30 − 25
= 350.5 + ( ) 25
12
= 410.92

b. Interquartile range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
= 410.92 − 356.75
= 54.17

YOUR TURN:
The table below shows the hourly wages of the 50 workers in the Paradise Farm

Hourly Wages of 50 Workers in Paradise Farm

Daily Wages (₱) Frequency <cf

134 – 139 10 50
128 – 133 9 40
122 – 127 8 31
116 – 121 1 23
110 – 115 5 22
104 – 109 2 17
98 – 103 9 15
92 – 97 5 6
86 – 91 1 1
N = 50
Calculate 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 and 𝑄3

ALMOST DONE! ANSWER W.S 3 .4, Nos. 2

REFERENCES:

 Oronce, O. A., & Mendoza, M. A. (2015). E-Math 10 Work text in Mathematics (1st ed., Vol. 1). Rex Book Store, Inc.
 Mathematics Learning Materials by Department of Education
 https://edu.glogster.com/glog/interquartile-range/23a0utin25w (Quartile Image)

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 WORKSHEET 3.4 Score:
January 3 – 7, 2021 /50

Answer each question. Show your simple solution on the space provided. Make your work as neat as possible. (10 points each)
1. The following are the scores of selected Grade 10 students during their 70 – item Quarterly Examination.
Calculate the 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 and 𝑄3 . (25 points)

45 48 34 23 24 60 68 38 30 34
25 46 35 55 12 63 69 33 35 45
23 43 36 56 68 62 70 23 40 70
22 42 23 58 69 66 70 30 44 66
19 40 12 50 70 67 23 70 45 67

2. The table below shows the daily wages of the 30 employees of XYZ Construction. Determine the 𝑄1 , 𝑄2
and 𝑄3

Daily Wages (₱) Frequency

426 – 450 3
401 – 425 5
376 – 400 4
351 – 375 8
326 – 350 7
301 – 325 3
N = 30

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