Professional Documents
Culture Documents
b"qx xiqtz
.mi`¦ d© AË § l`© on¦ .dN© l¦ `©p`Ax © wª
ÆxẅÄdÎo © n¦ dnÀ̈ d¥ A§ dÎo
«© n¦
:dŸpEA“§w© Y§ m©p‡bË § l`© e© xw© AË
§ l`© on¦ t§ Îz ¤̀ Eaix†¦ w§ Y© o`ŸS½ dÎo © nE ¦
on¦ dCi© r¦ v§ dŸp`Ax © wª o`M© o`¦ (b
.dŸA“‹¦ w© i§ gig¦ v§ xM‡ © c§ t§ .xw© AË
§ l`© ¨ i i¥pA§ mr¦ .liN¥ n© :m«k
l ¥̀ xU¦ ¤ p§ A© x§ ẅ
`A' © k§ A`A© 'il© `¦ dŸnC§ w© il § t©
.oFkP§ n¦ aix¥ẅ§i ix¥ £̀ .Wp̈¡` .oFdl§ xni © z¥ e§
`‡v© Yx©§ i `n© 'il© r§ .x'vg © nl© `©
Cpq©
¦ ie§ (c :dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA© dPr©
onE
¦ ixFY ¥ on¦ .`xi¨ r¦ A§ on¦ .ï§i mc̈w¢ `p̈ÄxEw
dPr© `‡vx© © ie§ .dŸq`x© 'il© r§ dŸCi§ :oFkp§ ÄxEw zï oEax§ẅY§ ®.`p̈r̈
on¦ ÆFpÄx§ ẅ d³l̈ŸrÎm ¦ b
ld¤ Ÿ ³̀ gz© RÎl
¤̧ ¤̀ EP®¤aix¦ w© § i mi†¦nŸ x¬k̈f̈ xẅ½ Äd©
§ l¦ F†pŸvx§ l¦ Fz½ Ÿ` aix´¦ w©
`z̈l̈r£ m`¦ :d«F̈d§i i¬¥pt § i ÆcrFn
¥
aix¥ẅ§i `p̈n¦f oMW
© n© rxz
© l¦ .Di¥Pa¦ x§ẅ§i mil¦ W§ xk© C§ .ixFY
¥ on¦ Di¥pÄxEw
d®l̈Ÿrd̈« W`Ÿx́ lr†© Fcï
½ K´©nq̈ § c :ï§i mc̈w¢ Dil¥ `ër£ x©l§ ®.Dizï
¥
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
däxr̈§
§ z¦p EN¦t£̀ ,aix§ ¦w©i x¥nF` Ed©n dÏ©g s©` lFkï .dn̈d¥ A§ d© :l¥fB̈©d o¦n Eaix§
¦w©i aix§ ¦wY© `l
z©g`© lM̈ aix§ ¦w©i ,oFr§nW ¦ z©lFr§A o¥aE`x§ z©lFr .dn̈d¥ A§ d© on¦ :o`vë xẅÄ x©nFl cFn§lY¦ ,ll̈§MA©
Ex§kÖ¦i ,oi¦Ngªa§ dl̈Fr o¥k§e .`EdW § i¦n m¥W§l :rÄx¦ §Pd© z¤̀§e r© a¥ Fxd̈ z¤̀ `i¦vFd§l ,DN̈ª M `l§e
zFlFr oN̈ª M o¤d ix£ ¥d©e ,zFlFr i¥kxv̈§ § l oi¦Ngªd© .oŸ`Sd© on¦ :cä¡r¤Pd© z¤̀ `i¦vFd§l .xẅÄd© on¦
EN¦t£̀ lFkï .`Ed§W i¦n m¥W§l z©g`© lM̈ axT̈¦ ¥ z§e `i¦vFd§l .oŸ`Sd© onE ¦ :d¤vw§ O© ªd z¤̀ `i¦vFd§l
cFn§lY¦ ,Fpi¦n Epi¥̀ W § A¦ F` oi¦lEq§tA¦ däxr̈§ § z¦p o¦n dḦ©n§l x¥nF` `EdW § M¦ .zi¦nd¥ W¤ g© ¥bFP©d z¤̀
oi¦tFMW ¤ c¥O©ln§ .FzŸ` aix¦ w© § i :EP¤aix§¦w©i x©nFl ,x©nFl cFn§lY¦ oi¥̀ W § ,xẅÄ©d o¦n (b weqt) oï§pr¦ d̈
,FpFvx¦§l x©nFl cFn§lY¦ ,FgxM̈ § l©rA© lFkï .FzF` c¥O©ln§ .Eaix¦ w§ Y© :dẗx§ ¥Hd© z¤̀ `i¦vFd§l
:i¦p£̀ d¤vFx x©n`I¤W c©r FzF` oi¦tFM c©vi¥M `©d :zEtŸEW§A dl̈Fr mi¦aC© §pz§ n¦ m¦i©pX§W ¤
:dn̈Ä©A dk̈i¦nq§ oi¥̀ .Kn© q̈e§ 'd i¥pt§ l¦ ,xEA¦v z©ac¦ §p d¨`Ä `i¦dW § c¥O©ln§ .mk§ ¤ pA© x§ẅ
däFg z©lFr `i¦ad̈§l .dl̈Frd̈ W`Ÿx lr© c :zFxz̈FO©d o¦n d¨`Ä©d g© A¥§fO¦ d© u¦iw© z©lFr `i¦d
hx§ ¨R .dl̈Ÿrd̈ :o`S©d z©lFr `i¦ad̈§lE dk̈i¦nq§ l¦ ,dḦ©n§l xk̈f̈ x¥nF` `EdW § M¦ .dä¥w§p `l§e .xk̈f̈ b
d¤Sx§ ©n `Ed d©n l©r .Fl dv̈x¦§pe§ :sFrd̈ z©lFr§l mFh§nEh `l§e xk̈f̈ ,x©nFl cFn§lY¦ oi¥̀ W §
oiC¦ zi¥A zFzi¦nE zFzixM̈ ¥ l©r x©n`Y m¦` ,Fl gz© R¤ l ¤̀ :mEn `l§A .min¦ Ÿ :qFpi¦Be§x§C§ ©p`© §e
oẄ§pr̈ ix£
¥d ,zEw§ln© F` m¦in© Ẅ ici¦ ¥ A dz̈i¦n F` .dẍf̈£rd̈ c©r Fz¨`ä£dA© l¥Rh© n§ .crFn ¥ ldŸ¤`
:qxha `l o`bizd lka `lf`a gzt zaiz .cren ld` gz© R¤̧ l` b :wecwcd wlg
.dpey`xd `"dd mirhdl bdpnd .dnÀ̈ d¥ A§ dÎo
© n¦ (a) xend ony
b `xwie ` `xwie 3
b"qx xiqtz
jFnq¦ie§ :eil̈
« r̈ x†¥Rk© l§ Fl½ d´v̈x§ p¦ e§ ‡z“l © `© gA‡c © i¦ e§ (d :dŸl xt‡b © iªe§
®.Dil¥ ir¥ xz¦
§ ie§ .`z̈l̈r£ Wix¥ lr© .Dic§¥i ip¦ A§ A“¦ wi © e¦ .dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA©
b"qx xiqtz
oEC‡vp© § ie§ .gA‡c © nË © l`© 'il© r§ `x`© © p
mi†¦vr¥ E¬kx§ r̈« e§ g®¥ © A§fO¦ dÎl
© r©
ip¦ A§ C‡vp©ª ie§ (g :`A© h© g§ `di © l© r§ § ie§ :W«¥̀ d̈Îlr
.`p̈£dM̈ oŸxd£ `© i¥pA§ .oEpY¦ ©
`‡vr © `Ë© l`© .dO‹© ii¦ `Ë
© l`© oExd©
lr© `Ïr© `¨ oExC§ qi
© e¦ ®.`g̈Ac
§ n© lr© `z̈Ẅi`¦
'il© r§ .dA© v§ w˧ l`e© q`xl` © e©
.x`©Pl`© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© Ah© gË § l`© ÆoŸxd£ `«© i³¥pA§ EkÀ x§ r̈« § g :`z̈Ẅi`¦
dŸtEBe§ (h :gA‡c © nË © l`© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `©
.`nË © l`A¦ `dl © q‡b©
¦ i dŸrx` § M© `§ e© Îz ¤̀ mig¦½ z̈P§ d© z`¥µ mip£ ¦½ dŸḾd©
'il© r§ lMË
o`Ax © wª
ª l`© m`n© `Ë
dCi© r¦ v§
¦ l`© xY¦ wi
.gA‡c
© nË
© e¦
© l`©
Îlr© xc®R̈ © ¤̀ e§ W`Ÿx†d̈
¤ dÎz
o`M© o`¦ e§ (i :dN© l¦ i'vx
on¦ t§ .m©p‡bË § l`© on¦ dŸp`Ax
¦ n© lEAwn©
© wª
W ¥̀½ d̈Îlr© x´¤W£̀ Æmiv¦ r¥ d̈«
dCi© r¦ v§ fr` ¦ nË © l`© on¦ e`© o`‡Sl © `© © e¦ :g«
i¥pA§ .oExC§ qi © A§
¥ fO¦ dÎl
© r© x†¤W£̀
`Ẅix¥ zï .`Ïxa
© ¤̀ zï .`Ï©pd£ M̈ oŸxd£ `©
FA¬ x§ w¦ § h :`g̈Ac§ n© lr© C§ ®.`z̈Ẅi`¦ lr© C§ `Ïr© `¨ lr© .`ÄxY© zïe§
ÆlŸMdÎz © ¤̀ o³¥dŸMd© xih¸¦ w§ d¦ e§ m¦i®ÖA© u´©gx¦§ i eir†¨ẍkE §
Di¥Eb© e§ :d«F̈dil
«© gF© gi
† pΦ gi © x«¥ d¬¥X`¦ d²l̈Ÿr dg̈A§ ¥½ fO¦ d©
oAxEw
© ®.`z̈l̈r£ .`g̈Ac
§ n© l§ `l̈FM zï `p̈£dM̈ wiQ©
¥ ie§ .`Ïn© A§ liN¥ g§
© i idFr
¦ xkE
¨
Îon¦ Fp̄Äx§ ẅ o`ŸŞdÎo
© nÎm ¦ `¦ § i q :ï§i mc̈w¢ `ër£ x©A§ lA© wz
© n¦ C§
:EPai †¦ Ÿ x¬k̈f̈ d®l̈Ÿrl§ mi†¦Gr«¦ d̈Îon¦ F`¬ mia
«¤ x¦w§ i© min ²¦ ÜM§ d©
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
.dX ¥ `¦ :EPxi¦ ¤ hw§ ©i dl̈Fr m¥W§l .dl̈Ÿr h `©d ,mp̈Ed¥kA§ m¤dW § M¦ .mi¦pd£ ŸMd© oŸxd£ `© i¥pA§ g
dX ¤ `¦ lk̈§e .W¥̀ d̈ m¥W§l Fh£gFW `¤d§i EP¤hg̈§W¦IW ¤ M§ Fzc̈Fa£r ,micb̈§ ¦ A dp̈FnW¦A c©ar̈¤W hFic¦ §d o¥ M
g© Ex z©g©p .gFgi© p¦ :f"rla `"c`iet W¥̀ oFW§l i¦t§l .W`Ÿxd̈ z ¤̀ mig¦ z̈P§ d© z ¥̀ :dl̈Eq§R
on¦ m`¦ e§ i :i¦pFvx§ dÜ£r©pe§ i¦Yx© §n`¨ W ¤ ,i©pẗ§l fŸdª xä§MW ¤ ,hW ¥ t§ d¤ l©lk§ A¦ W`xd̈ oi¥̀ W §
dÖl̈§e .oFW`x¦ oï§p¦r l©r si¦qFn e"ië .oŸ`Sd© z ¤̀ e§ :Fn§vr© l§ FzFp§nl¦ Kx§
¨vdª KM̈i¦t§l ,dḧi¦gW § A¦
dẄxR̈ ¨ oi¥A o¥pFAz§ d¦ §l d ¤ n§l g©ex¤ oY¤ ¦l ,wi¦qt§ d¦ m¦r Ed¥l£rO© W ¤ Kc̈§O©l§l ,xn̈¡`¤p dÖl̈ .xc¤R̈d©
on¦ F` miU¦ äM§ d© on¦ oŸ`Sd© on¦ :dẄxẗ§ ¨l Ed¤f§e ,dḧi¦gX § d© zi¥A z¤̀ FA d¤Qk© n§ E W`xd̈
,o¥wf̈§l hx§
¨R oi¦hEri¥n d ¨ l§W EN¥̀ ix£ ¥d .mi¦Gr¦ d̈ .g© A§
¥ fO¦ d© lr© xW£̀ ¤ :dl̈§rn© §NW ¤ cFaM̈ Kx¤C¤
:md̈Ff§n¦l§e d¤lFg§l :dk̈x£ ¨rO© l© uEg oi¦`v§ Fi oixi¦ ¦ fB§ d© Ei§d¦i `N¤W
d `xwie ` `xwie 5
b"qx xiqtz
.`Ïx©O§ `¦ on¦ Di¥pÄxEw `p̈r̈ on¦ m`¦ e§
:`gi © g¦ v§ `x©M‡ § c¦ dŸA“¦ w© il§ t©
xk© C§ ®.`z̈l̈r£ l© `Ï©Gr¦ i¥pA§ on¦ F` Ap`©
¦ B 'il© r§ dŸgA‡c©§ ie§ (`i
Fz¹ Ÿ` hg©¸ Ẅ § `i :Di¥Pa¦ x§ẅ§i mil¦ W§ iC©i§ oiA© `i©il`
dO‹© ii¦ `Ë
¦ n© y§ .gA‡c
© l`© oExd© ip¦ A§ ûxi¦ e¦ .dNl
© nË © l`©
© `©
dp̈Ÿt† v̈ g²¥ © A§fO¦ d© Kx¯¤ ¤ i lr´© gA‡c
© nË © l`© 'il© r§ .dŸnC§
di‡S¦ ri © e¦ (ai :`xi© C¦ Yq§ nª
oŸx̧£d`«© Ái¥pA§ Ew¿ x«§ f̈e§ d®F̈d§i i´¥pt§ l¦ .dŸYA§ v© w© e§ dŸq`x©e§ .``‡ © vr© `¦
b"qx xiqtz
dŸA“§w© il
§ t© .dN© l¦ dCi© r¦ v§ xi` ¦ Hl© `©
§ n¦ F ²̀ mixÀ¦ŸYd©
d†p̈FId© i¬¥pAÎo
‡j`x©t§ on¦ e`© .oip` ¦ t© ûl
§ `© on¦ `z̈l̈r£ .`ẗFr on¦ m`¦ e§ :Fp« Äx§ ẅÎz ¤̀
dŸnC§ wi© e¦ (eh :m`n© gË § l`©
.gA‡c© nË© l`© 'il© `¦ m`n© `˦ l`©
®.F` .`Ï©pipt
¦ W© on¦ aix¥ẅie¦ .ï§i mc̈w¢ Di¥pÄxEw
'il© r§ dŸxY‹§ w© i§ m‡zª .dŸq`x© lvt© ª ie¦ :Di¥pÄxEw zï dp̈Fi i¥pA§ on¦
'il© r§ .dŸnC§ i‡v»¦ ni
r©fp©ie§ (fh :gA‡c
Îl ¤̀ Æod¥ ŸMd© Fai
© e¦ .gA‡c
© nË
© nË
© l`© hi`
© l`©
¦ g©
³ x¦ w§ d¦ § eh
.dŸYvp`§ w© rn© ½ ŸxÎz ¤̀ Æwl© n̈E g© A§
FW` dŸYl§ ve© g© ¥½ fO¦ d©
:g«
© A§
¥ fO¦ d© xiw¬¦ lr†© Fn½ c̈ d´v̈n§ p¦ e§ dg̈®¥A§fO¦ d© xi†¦hw§ d¦ e§
i¥vnz¦
§ ie§ .`g̈Ac
§ n© l§ wiQ©
¥ ie§ .DiWi
¥ x¥ zï wFln¦ie§ .`g̈Ac
§ n© l§ `p̈£dM̈ Di¥Pa¦ x§ẅie¦
Fz† `¨ x§ nÎz
ª ¤̀ xi¬¦qd¥ § fh :`g̈Ac § n© lzFM¤ lr© ®.Din¥ C§
¥ fO¦ d© l¤v³¥̀ Dz¹̈ Ÿ` Kil¸¦ W§ d¦ e§ D®z̈v̈Ÿp« A§
dn̈c§ w¥½ Æ©gA§
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
,xi¦hw§ d¦ §e w©ln̈E `Ed qxFq§
¨ n `x§ ¨wO¦ ©NW¤ FhEX¦tE s©` lFkï ,zFtFrÄ zEx§k©f§e zEO©Y oi¥̀ e§ ,dn̈¥dA§ A©
.Fz`¨ x§nª fh :xä§M Fnc̈ dv̈§n¦pe§ ,dxḧ§ ¨ wd© mcFw§¥ e .mixŸ¦ Yd© :sFrd̈ o¦n x©nFl cFn§lY¦ ,x¤a ¥̀ x©Qgªn§
i¥pA§ m¦r .Dz̈v̈ŸpA§ :wẗ§Gd© d¤fe§ i¦rxd̈ § mFw§n l§e mi¦Ph© w§ .dp̈FId© i¥pA§ :mi¦Ph© w§ `l§e mi¦lFc§B
Evp̈ i¦M Fn§M ,qE`Ö©d xäC̈ oFW§l dv̈Fp§e .d̈i¤rn¥ hx§ ¨R .dp̈FId© i¥pA§ on¦ F` mixŸ¦ Yd© on¦ :mi¦lFc§B
qFl§w§p ª̀ m¤Bx§Y¦ W ¤ d¤f§e (eh c dki`) Erp̈ m©B ,lEqR̈ `Ed§W d¤fA§ W ¤ e§ d¤fA§ W
¤ ,aEd¥Sd© z©Ng¦ z§ l¦
,op̈g̈ o¤A i¥qFi `Ä©`§NW¤ FWx¨c¦ §n Ed¤f§e .Di¥lk§ E`§A :mixFY ¦ l¤v ¥̀ oḧẅ§e dp̈Fi i¥pA§ l¤v ¥̀ `Ed lFcB̈¤W
Epi¥zFAxe¦ .DÖ¦r oä§wxª §Td© z¤̀ l¥hFp x©n`¨ W ¤ odŸ¥ Md© :`i¦aï z©g`© dc̈ix§ ¦R EN¦t£̀ .Faix¦ w§ d¦ e§ eh
wẗ§Gd© ai¦aq§ xcFw ¥ Ex§n`¨ dk̈x§ ¨al¦ mp̈Fx§k¦f
Fn§v©rA§ `l̈¥̀ i¦lk§ A¦ dẅi¦ln§ oi¥̀ .wl© n̈E
l©rW ¤ dv̈FP©d m¦r Fl§hFp§e dÄx£̀ ª oi¥rM§ oi¦Mq© A§
`l̈¥̀ z¤lk¤ F` Dp̈i¥̀ W ¤ ,dn̈¥dA§ z©lFr§A .xFrd̈ K¥zFg§e sxFrd̈ ¤ lEO¦n FpxR̈¦ § vA§ u¥vFw .o¥ M©NW ¤
ax¤ ¤Td© §e (bi weqt) xn̈¡`¤p ,d̈i¤lr̈§A qEa¥̀ A§ dv̈n§ p¦ e§ :ov̈§vFw§e oi¦pn̈i¦Ql© r© i¦BO© W ¤ c©r FY§wx§ ©tn©
oFG¦PW¤ ,sFräE ,xi¦hw§ d¦ e§ m¦iÖ©A u©gx¦ ¨Md© §e q¥t`¨ i¦M ,(bl l ilyn) m¦iR© `© ui¦n oFW§l .Fnc̈
§i m¦ir© x§
l©k`¨ W¤ ,m¦ir© O¥ d© z¤̀ ,Ki¦lW § d¦ e§ xn̈¡`¤p ,l¥fB̈©d o¦n l©r dḧi¦gX § d© zi¥A W¥aFM ,(c fh diryi) u¥Od©
©NW ¥ fO¦ d© l¤v ¥̀ :l¥fB̈©d o¦n ,wl© n̈E :cxFi§
¤ Fgx§¨fn¦ A§ .dn̈c§ w¥ g© A§ ¥ e d¤Sn© z§ n¦ mC̈©d§e g© A¥§fO¦ d© xi¦w
mẄ oi¦pz§ FP¤W mFwn̈ .oW ¤ C̈d© mFwn§ l ¤̀ :W¤aM¤ x©g`© n¥ ,o¥M x©nFl xẄ§t`¦ .dv̈n§ p¦ e§ ,xih¦ w§ d¦ e§
i¦ni¦pR§ d© g© A¥§fn¦ oEXc§
¦e x¤A lk̈§A oW ¤d z©nExY§ dxḧ§
¤ C© ¨ wd© d©n `l̈¥̀ ,d¤vFn `Ed xi¦hw§ n© `EdW §
:on̈Fw§nA¦ mẄ mi¦rl̈§a¦p mN̈ª ke§ .dxFp§ ¨ Od© §e .o¥M dẅi¦ln§ s©` ,Fn§v©rA§ sEB©d§e Fn§v©rA§ W`xd̈
b"qx xiqtz
¥ ie§ :oW
zï iCr© ¤ C̈« d© mFw† nÎl § ¤̀ gA‡c
© nË © l`© wfl¦ `dg
© xh© © ie§
xhq
© A¦ .Dizï¥ inx¦ ¥ ie§ .DilkE`¥ A§ Diw¥ ẗ§f gxh © n© r‡ve © n© it¦ .`i©iwx ¦ y©
:`n̈hw¦ oixw¦ n© C§ xz© £̀ A© ®.`n̈ECw¦ `g̈Ac
§ n© on¦ dŸNSt©§ ie§ (fi :C`n© “l § `©
`p̈£dM̈ Dizï
¥ wiQ©
¥ ie§ .Wixt©
¥ i `l̈ idFtp
¦ k© A§
lA© wz
© n¦ C§ oAxEw
© ®.`Ed `z̈l̈r£ .`z̈Ẅi`¦ lr© C§ `Ïr© `¨ lr© .`g̈Ac
§ n© l§
aixº¦ w§ zÎi
© M¦ Wt¤ p¤À § ` a % ipy q :ï§i mc̈w¢ `ër£ x©A§
w³©vïe§ F®pÄx§ ẅ d´¤id«§ i¦ zl¤ Ÿq† d½F̈dil«© Ædg̈p§ n¦ o³©Ax§ ẅ
.aix¥ẅ§i ix¥ £̀ .Wp̈¡`e¤ :d«p̈Ÿal
§ d̈i†¤lr̈ o¬©zp̈e§ on¤ W
¤½ Æd̈il¤̧ r̈
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
`Ed KExÄ WFcT̈©d x©n`¨ ,i¦pr̈ ,dg̈§pn¦ aC© ¥pz§ d¦ §l x¥nF` `Ed o¥k§e ,cÏ©A `l̈¥̀ r© EQ¦W oi¥̀ .rQ© W¦ e§ fi
zlŸ¤ q :FW§t©p aix§ ¦wd¦ EN¦`M§ eil̈r̈ i¦p£̀ d¤l£rn© :ic§ ¦Bd© r©QW © M§ Ed¥rQ§ W© §ie© (e ci mihtey) oFW§nW ¦ A§
,mz̈§q dg̈§pn¦ i©lr̈ ix£ ¥d x¥nF`d̈ .FpÄx§ẅ d¤id¦ § i i¥t§pM© hFx§n¦l Kixv̈ ¦ Epi¥̀ ,eiẗp̈§M m¦r .eiẗp̈k§ A¦
dp̈FW`xd̈ ¦ `i¦dW§ ,z¤lq z©g§pn¦ `i¦an¥ Kl̈ oi¥̀ `l£d©e .WÖ©n dv̈Fp .eiẗp̈k§ A¦ :Fzv̈Fp
Fn§M ,z¤lq `i¦dW § M¦ z¤vn¤ w§ ¦p§e zFgp̈§OA© W ¤ mi¦tx¨U § ¦p m¦it© p̈§k¦NW¤ rx¨ g© ix¥ g© ix¥ ¦OW ¤ hFic¦ §d
dẌ¦ng£ o`M̈ Ex§n`§ ¤PW ¤ i¦t§l .oï§p¦rÄ WxFt§
¨ OW ¤ aEzM̈©d x©n`¨ dÖl̈§e ,eil̈r̈ dv̈ẅ FW§t©p oi¥̀ §e
dv̈i¦nw§ mcFw ¥ zFiEt£̀ zF`Ä oN̈ª k§e ,zFgp̈§n i¥pi¦n xC̈d§ ªnE ©ra¥ Ü g© A¥§fO¦ d© `¤d§IW ¤ ic§ ¥M ,xi¦hw§ d¦ §e
oi¥̀ .zlŸ¤ q :z¤lq z©g§pn¦ dïEx§w KM̈§l ,FG¦n uEg Fwxẗ§ § n Epi¥̀ .liC¦ a© § i `Ÿl :i¦pr̈¤NW ¤ FpÄxẅ§ § A
(a hk zeny) xn̈¡ `¤PW¤ ,oi¦Hg¦ d© o¦n `l̈¥̀ z¤lq .FA©Bn¦ FrxFw § `l̈¥̀ ,zFMz¦ g£ i¥YW § ¦l ix© ¥nb§ l¦
,oFxV̈¦rn¥ dz̈Eg§R dg̈§pn¦ oi¥̀ e§ ,mi¦Hg¦ z¤lq g© ix¥ dn̈¥dA§ A© xn̈¡`¤pe§ ,©gFgi¦p g© ix¥ sFrÄ xn̈¡`¤p
,dg̈§pn¦ §l z¤lq oFxV̈¦r§e (`k ci 'wie) xn̈¡`¤PW ¤ cg̈¤̀§e d¤Ax© §Od© cg̈¤̀ Kl̈ x©nFl ,©gFgi¦p
l©r .on¤ W ¤ d̈il¤ r̈ w©vïe§ :dg̈§pn¦ lk̈§l oFxV̈¦r :m¦in© Ẍ©l FA¦l z¤̀ o¥Ek© §IW¤ cä§la¦ E ,hi¦rn§ O© d©
g© i¦Pn© ,Dz̈v̈§wn¦ l©r .dp̈Ÿal§ d̈il¤ r̈ ozp̈ © e§ :DN̈ª M lk̈§A W¤t¤p xn̈¡`¤p `l .aix¦ w§ z© iM¦ Wt¤ ¤ pe§ ` a
z̈i¦`x¨ d©nE .cg̈¤̀ c©vl§ d̈i¤lr̈ dp̈Fa§l u¤ w FMx§C© i¦n ,dg̈§pn¦ A§ `l̈¥̀ däc̈§p zFp§Axẅ §
8 `xwie a `xwie g
xteya `l iz` mrha odkd zaiz .dgafnd dzxkf` z` odŸ¥¹ Md© xihwde a :wecwcd wlg
:o`bizd lka d"ke jtedn
h `xwie a `xwie 9
b"qx xiqtz
§ icE :d«F̈d§i i¬¥
x`© YW¦ X`¦ n«¥ mi†¦Wc̈ẅ« oExd© l§ .`dp © n¦ l‡v` ¦ tl`
© e© (b
WcŸ¤w ®.idFpa
¦ l¦ e§ oŸxd£ `© l§ .`z̈g̈pn¦ on¦ on¦ q`Cw © `Ë© l`© u`e'© k§ on¦ .dip¦ AE
§
i¬¦k § c q :ïiC© `Ï©pÄxTª n¦ oiWcEw
¦ YA“©w© o`¦ e§ (c :dNl
oEMYl§ t© .xEPYl
© `© oiA`
¦ x©w§
© `© fA‡kª on¦ di©iC¦ d§
d´¥t£̀ n«© d†g̈p§ n¦ o¬©Ax§ ẅ ax²¦ w§ z© dYEYl
© n© xih¦ t§ Cn¦ qª wC` ¦ x©B§
dYEYl
© n© xih¦ t§ w`w© xªe§ .odCªA§
ÆzŸSn© zFN³ g© zl¤ Ÿq́ xE®Pz© dgEqn
© n© xih¦ t§ w`w© xªe§ odCªA§
b"qx xiqtz
oEMi§ `n© J`'c©M§ .`©pdCª `di © l© r§
q :`id¦ `z̈g̈pn¦ ®.`g̈Wn¦ Dl© r£ wixzE
¦
J©p`Ax © wª o`M© o`¦ e§ (f :di©iC¦ d§ z¬©gp§ nÎm
¦ `¦ § f (iyily)
.xiBp ¦ Hl
© `© ‡drp © v¦ on¦ di©iC¦ d§
Yi`¦ t§ (g :odCªA§ Cn¦ qª lnr © Yl ª t© zl¤ Ÿq¬ L®¤pÄx§ ẅ zW†¤ ¤ gx§ n©
on¦ Yl© nª rª Cw© iY¦ N§ `© .di©iC¦ dË § l`A¦
`dn © C»¦ wi
© e¦ .dN© l¦ d‡c©d© ‡iCg © `¦ `z̈g̈pn¦ m`¦ e§ :dU«¤ r̈Y«¥ on†¤ ¤ XA©
'il© `¦ `dn © C»¦ w© i§ .m`n© `˦ l`© 'il© `¦ :cia¥ rz
£ Y¦ gWn
© A¦ zlFq
¤ ®.jp̈ÄxEw `z̈c§ x¨
`dp © n¦ rtx© © ie§ (h :gA‡c © nË © l`©
.gA‡c© nË © l`© 'il© r§ dŸxY¦ wi© e¦ .`d© gi § t© dgÀ̈ p§ O¦ dÎz
© ¤̀ ´z̈`a«
¥ d¥ § g
`©i'vx ¦ n© `lEAw
oExd© l§ .`dp
© n© `©p`Ax
© n¦ l‡v` ¦ tË
© wª
© l`e© (i :dN© l¦
d®F̈dil«© dN†¥̀ ¤ n¥ d²¤Ur̈«i¥ x¯¤W£̀
on¦ q`Cw © `Ë
rin¦ B§ (`i :dNl
© l`© u`e'© k§ on¦ .dip¦ AE
© `© oiA` ¦ x©w©
§
od¥½ ŸMdÎl
© ¤̀ ÆDäix¦ w§ d¦ e§
`dEA© “§w© Y§ iY¦ N§ `© .`©i`C©dË § l`© ¥ z© e§ :g«
izi © A§
¥ fO¦ dÎl
© ¤̀ D†ẄiB¦ d¦ e§
.ï§i mc̈wl¦ oiN¥ `¦ n¥ .cia¥ rz
£ z¦ C§ .`z̈g̈pn¦ zï
Îon¦ o³¥dŸMd© mix¸¦ d¥ § h :`g̈Ac § n© l§ D©Pa¦ x§ẅie¦ ®.`p̈£dk̈l§ D©Pa¦ x§ẅie¦
d²¥X`¦ dg̈®¥A§fO¦ d© xi†¦hw§ d¦ e§ Dz̈½ ẍ´M̈§f`Îz © ¤̀ Ædg̈p§ O¦ d©
.Dz© x§k̈c`© zï `z̈g̈pn¦ on¦ `p̈£dM̈ Wixt© ¥ ie§ :d«F̈dil «© g© Ÿgi † p¦ gi¬¥
© x
Æzx¤ zFP ¤̧ d© § i :ï§i mc̈w¢ `ër£ x©A§ lA© wz
© n¦ C§ oAxEw
© ®.`g̈Ac
§ n© l§ wiQ© ¥ ie§
i¬¥X`¦ n«¥ mi†¦Wc̈ẅ« Wc¤Ÿw¬ ei®p̈älE § oŸx£ †d`«© l§ dg̈½ p§ O¦ dÎo © n¦
oiWcEw
¦ WcŸ¤w ®.idFpa
¦ l¦ e§ oŸxd£ `© l§ .`z̈g̈pn¦ on¦ x`© YW¦ § icE :d«F̈d§i
d½ëŸdil«© ÆEaix¸¦ w§ Y© x³¤W£̀ dgÀ̈ p§ O¦ dÎl © ¨ `i :ïiC© `Ï©pÄxETn¦
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
W¥gFx§M d¨`x¦ §p d¤wW § n© ic§¥i l©r Kx© xäC̈ lM̈ ,d̈i¤lr̈ x©nFl cFn§lY¦ ,o¥M xEP©z d¥t£̀ n©
cg̈¤̀ n¥ .dN¤ ¥̀ n¥ dU ¤ r©
£ i xW£̀
¤ g :©r¥p§r©pn§ E ,oi¦wi¦wxd̈
§ z¤̀ `i¦vF` `l§e zFN©gd© z¤̀ `i¦vF`
d̈i¤lr̈§A .Däix¦ w§ d¦ e§ :EN©Nd© mi¦pi¦Od© o¦n `Ed i¦lM§ .zW ¤ g¤ x§n© f :`i¦d x©nFl cFn§lY¦
.g© A§
¥ fO¦ d© l ¤̀ :o¥ M©d .DẄi¦Bd¦ e§ :o¥ M©d l¤̀ dẅEn£r `i¦dW § KFY¦nE ,wFnr̈ WC̈§wO¦ A© dïd̈W¤
:©gA¥§fO¦ ©NW
¤ zi¦ax§ ¨rn© zi¦nFxC§ ox¤ ¤w§l DẄi¦Bn© KM̈i¦t§l ,FtxFU§ xE`d̈ oi¥̀ §e xEav̈ Dp̈§nW ©
:u¤nFT©d `i¦d .Dz̈ẍM̈§f`© z ¤̀ h .oi¦
W g
£ Fx Dk̈Fz§
l oi¦
iEU£
r d̈ dg̈§
p n
¦ d U
¥ £
r n©
`i `xwie a `xwie 11
b"qx xiqtz
Îlk̈ i³¦M u®¥ng̈ d†¤Ur̈z «¥ `Ÿl¬ o`© l§ .`xi© n‡ ¦ k§ lnr © Yª `l© .dN© l¦
Î`Ÿl § k̈e§ ÆxŸ`U§
Wa©½ CÎl EA“§w© Y§ `l© .lq© r§ lMª e§ xin‡ ¦ k§ lMª
oM¦ l§ (ai :dN© l¦ `©p`Ax © wª .dPn¦
d†¤X`¦ EP²¤On¦ Exi¯¦hw§ z© .dN© l¦ `dEA © “§w© Y§ .lee© `© o`Ax © wª
Crv© Y© `l© gA‡c © nË © l`© 'il© `¦ e§
mc̈w¢ oEax§ẅzC¦ .`z̈g̈pn¦ lM̈ :d«F̈dil «© o`Ax © wª rin¦ B§ e§ (bi :i'vx ¦ n© lEAw§ l§
xin£
¦ g lk̈ ix¥ £̀ .ri© n£
¦ g cia¥ rz
£ z¦ `l̈ .ï§i `l© e§ .gln¦ A§ dŸgln § `¦ j`©i`C©d§
mc̈w¢ `p̈ÄxEw ®.Di¥Pn¦ oEwQ§ z© `l̈ .Wa© C§ lk̈e§ .glnË ¦ l`© (lHª A© Y§ :p‰i) lH¦ r© Y§
.JY© ii§ C¦ d§ on¦ JA© x© Cdr© dŸP`© l§
Eaix¬¦ w§ Y© zi²¦W`x¥ o¬©Ax§ ¨ ai :ï§i A“¦w© Y§ J©piA` ¦ x©w§ xi` ¦ q© rnE ©
b"qx xiqtz
`di© l© r§ lrB © `¦ e§ (eh :`dA © “¦ w©
ln¤½ x§ M© Ux´¤ ¤ B ÆW ¥̀ Ä iEl³ ẅ
.`©p`A© lª `di © l© r§ xii¦ v© e§ .`©pdCª z¬©gp§ n¦ z†¥̀ aix¾¦ w§ Y©
:di©iC¦ d§ oEMY§ `n© j`c‡© M§
.`d© gi § t© m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© xY¦ wi © e¦ (fh oixEM © n¦ .aix¥ẅY§ m`¦ e§ :LixEM
¦ A¦ zgp «¤ A¦
rin¦ B§ rn© .`d© pd § cªe§ `d© yi § x¦ B§ on¦
.ok̈iM¦ x© ok̈ExiR¥ xEpa§ il¥ w§ .aia¦ £̀ .ï§i mc̈w¢
:dN© l¦ `©p`Ax© wª .`d© p`§ A© lª
gA‡c¦ dŸp`Ax © wª o`M© o`¦ e§ (` b ³Ÿz«© p̈ § eh :jxEM¨ A¦ zgp
© n¦ zï ®.aix¥ẅY§
e`© xM‡ © c§ .xw© AË
iC©i§ oiA© `gi
§ l`© on¦ dn`
© g¦ v§ dŸA“¦ w© il
© l© q§
§ t© .i'zp
© `¦
d̈i†¤lr̈ ¬Ÿn§ U © e§ on¤ W ¤½ Æd̈il¤̧ r̈
q`x© 'il© r§ dŸCi§ Cpq©
A`A© Cpr¦ .dŸgA‡c©
¦ ie§ (a :dNl
§ ie§ .dŸp`Ax
© `©
© wª
Dl© r£ oiY¥ z¦ e§ :`ed«¦ d†g̈p§ n¦ d®p̈Ÿal§
`z̈g̈pn¦ ®.`z̈p§ Fal§ Dl© r£ i¥EWzE
© .`g̈Wn¦
© ¤̀ od¥¹ ŸMd© xih¸¦ w§ d¦ § fh :`id¦
ÆDÜx§ B¦ n¦ DzÀ̈ ẍ«M̈f§ `Îz
wiQ© «© d†¤X`¦ D®z̈p̈Ÿa« lÎl
¥ ie§ :d«F̈dil § M̈ lr†© Dp̈½ n§ X © nE
¦
:ï§i mc̈w¢ `p̈ÄxEw ®.Dz© p§ Fal§ lM̈ lr© .DgW
© O¦ nE
¦ Dqx
© B¦ n¦ .Dz© x§k̈c`© zï `p̈£dM̈
F®pÄx§ ẅ mi†¦nl̈W§ ga¬¤ © fÎm`¦ e§ ` b (iriax) % iyily t
dä½ w¥ pÎm
§ `¦ Æxk̈f̈Îm`¦ aix½¦ w§ n© `Ed́ ÆxẅÄdÎo © n¦ m³¦`
.Di¥pÄxEw `ÏWcEw
© © p¦ m`¦ e§ :d«F̈d§i i¬¥pt
zqk § l¦ EP†¤aix¦ w©
§ i mi¬¦nŸ
:ï§i mc̈w¢ Di¥Pa¦ x§ẅ§i mil¦ W§ ®.`Äwªp m`¦ xk© C§ m`¦ .aix¥ẅn§ `Ed ixFY
¥ on¦ m`¦
ld¤ Ÿ`´ gz†¤ § Fp½ Äx§ ẅ W`Ÿx́Îlr© ÆFcï K³©nq̈ §
© R Fh¾ g̈WE a
b"qx xiqtz
oŸx̧£d`«© Ái¥pA§ Ew¿ x«§ f̈e§ c®¥rFn ip¦ A§ .Eûxi¦ e¦ .x'vg © nl © `© `A' © k§
Îlr© m²C̈dÎz © ¤̀ mi¯¦p£dŸM« d© 'il© r§ .mCl © `© dO© ii¦ `Ë © l`© oExd©
A“¦wi © e¦ (b :`xi© C¦ Yq § nª gA‡c © nË© l`©
lr© Dic§¥i jFnq¦ie§ :aia
«¦ q̈ g†¥
© A§fO¦ d© `©p`Ax © wª dn` © l© Ql § `© gA‡c¦ on¦
oMW
© n© rxz © A¦ .Di¥Pq¦ M¦ § ie§ .Di¥pÄxEw Wix¥ .sEBËl`© iH‡© ¦ bnË
§ l`© Ax‡zl ‹© `© .dN© l¦
'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .mgûl © `© xi` ¦ q© e§
®.`n̈C§ zï `Ï©pd£ M̈ oŸxd£ `© i¥pA§ .oEwxf¦
§ ie§ .`p̈n¦f
mgûl © `© e© oiY© el§ MË
¦ l`e© (c :sEBËl`©
Æaix¦ w§ d¦ § b :xFgq§ xFgq§ `g̈Ac
§ n© lr© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .`n© di ª l© r§ i'c¦ N§ `©
rn© .CA¦ MË § l`© ‡dC`© © if¦ e§ .`yg © `Ë
© l`©
d†¤X`¦ min¦½ l̈X§ d© ga´¤
© Gn¦ ExY¦ wi © e¦ (d :`dr© © fp©i 'il© MË ª l`©
b"qx xiqtz
.x`©Pl`© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© Ah© gË § l`©
gi´
© x d²¥X`¦ W®¥̀ d̈Îlr© x¬¤W£̀
:dN© l¦ i'vx ¦ n© lEAwn© o`Ax © wª i¥pA§ Dizï
¥ oEwQ© «© g© Ÿgi
§ ie§ :d«F̈dil † p¦
on¦ dŸp`Ax © wª o`M© o`¦ e§ (e
.dN© l¦ dn` © l© q§ gA‡c¦ .m©p‡bË § l`©
`Ïr© `¨ lr© C§ .`z̈l̈r£ lr© .`g̈Ac
§ n© l§ oŸxd£ `©
dŸA“§w© il § t© .i'zp © `¦ e`© xM‡ © c§ `ër£ x©A§ lA© wz
© n¦ C§ oAxEw
© ®.`z̈Ẅi`¦ lr© C§
dŸp`Ax
:dNl
© wª o`M© o`¦ t§ (f :`gi
© `© iC©i§ oiA© dŸA“§w© il
© g¦ v§
§ t© .`l© n© g§
o`ŸS̄dÎo© nÎm
¦ `¦ § e t :ï§i mc̈w¢
q`x© 'il© r§ dŸCi§ Cpq© ¦ ie§ (g d®F̈dil«© mi†¦nl̈W§ ga¬¤ © fl§ F²pÄx§ ẅ
iC©i§ oiA© dŸgA‡c© § ie§ .dŸp`Ax © wª
ip¦ A§ Eûxi¦ e¦ .x'vg © nl
© `© `A' © k§ mi†¦nŸ dä½ w¥ p§ F`´ Æxk̈f̈
gA‡c© nË © l`© 'il© r§ .dŸnC§ oExd©
gA‡c¦ on¦ A“¦wi © e¦ (h :`xi© C¦ Yq
§ nª .Di¥pÄxEw `p̈r̈ on¦ m`¦ e§ :EP«ai¤ x¦ w©
§i
.dN© l¦ `©p`Ax © wª dn`© l© Ql§ `© ®.`Äwªp F` xk© C§ .ï§i mc̈w¢ `ÏWcEw
© zqk
© p¦ l§
,dgi © g¦ v§ d©il`Ë © l`e© Ax‡zl ‹© `©
`Ed aU²¤ ¤ MÎm ¦ f :Di¥Pa¦ x§ẅ§i mil¦ W§
:d«F̈d§i i¬¥pt§ l¦ Fz† Ÿ` aix¬¦ w§ d¦ e§ F®pÄx§ ẅÎz ¤̀ aix†¦ w§ n©
K³©nq̈ § g :ï§i mc̈w¢ Dizï¥ aix¥ẅie¦ ®.Di¥pÄxEw zï aix¥ẅn§ `Ed .xO© `¦ m`¦
i†¥pt§ l¦ Fz½ Ÿ` h´©gẄe§ Fp½ Äx§ ẅ W`Ÿx́Îlr© ÆFcïÎz ¤̀
Fn² C̈Îz ¤̀ oŸx£ ¯d`«© ip¥̧ A§ Ewx«§ f̈e§ c®¥rFn ld¤ Ÿ`´
qFM¦ie§ .Di¥pÄxEw Wix¥ lr© Dic§¥i zï jFnq¦ie§ :aia «¦ q̈ g†¥
© A§fO¦ dÎl
© r©
xFgq§ `g̈Ac
§ n© lr© ®.Din¥ C§ zï oŸxd£ `© i¥pA§ .oEwxf¦
§ ie§ .`p̈n¦f oMW
© n© mc̈w¢ .Dizï
¥
dF̈di
¼ l«© d´¤X`¦ mi » n¦ l̈X§ d© ga´¤
«© Gn¦ aix¸¦ w§ d¦ § h :xFgq§
dP̈®¤xiq§
¦ i d†¤vr̈«d¤ z¬©Orª l§ dn̈½ in¦ z§ d´ïl§ `© d̈« ÆFAl§ g¤
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
:z`Ḧ©g `l̈¥̀ rħv ¤̀ Ä oz¥ Fp Epi¥̀ §e d©n aU ¤ M¤ d© ixEni¥̀
¥ A§ W¥IW ¤ i¦t§l .aU ¤ M¤ m`¦ f
dï§l`© d̈ ,d¤f Ed©nE .FAW ªd .FAl§ g¤ h ,däx§
¤ xg̈§aO© ¥w Fzï§l`© aU ¤ M¤ d© W
¤ ,f¥rd̈ ixEni¥̀
¥ A§ oi¥̀ W §
zFil̈§Md© o¥n dl̈§rn© §l .d¤vr̈d¤ zO© rª l§ :dn̈i¦nY§ i¥YW§ .Ewxf̈§ e§ g :zFI¦WxR̈¨ i¥YW § l¦ Ew§lg§ ¤p KM̈§l
:zFv£rFI©d ,wxFf
¥ `Ed i¦lM§ d© ic§¥i l©re§ ,r©Ax©§` o¤dW§ zFpŸ©n
.o`biz dnka `ed oke ,xiaza aU²¤
¤ M zln cinrdl bdpnd ok .aU²¤
¤ MÎm`¦ (f) .xend ony
eh `xwie b `xwie 15
b"qx xiqtz
Îz ¤̀ d´¤Qk© n§ d«© Æal¤ g¥̧ dÎz
© ¤̀ e§ .`dr©© fp©i urv
ª rË ª l`© m`n© `§
al¤ g¥½ dÎl
© M̈ Æz ¥̀ e§ ax¤ T¤½ d© .sEBËl`© iH‡©
¦ bn˧ l`© Ax‡zl`
‹© e©
'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .mgûl © `© xi` ¦ q© e§
aix¥ẅie¦ :ax¤ T«¤ dÎl
© r© x†¤W£̀ mgûl` © e© .oiY© el § MË ¦ l`e© (i :sEBËl`©
DiAx
¥ Y© .ï§i mc̈w¢ `p̈ÄxEw `ÏWcEw© zqk© P¦ n¦ 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .`n© di ª l© r§ i'c¦ N§ `©
rn© .CA¦ MË § l`© ‡dC`© © if¦ e§ .`yg © `Ë © l`©
`Ÿx©fW© lia¥ w¢ l̈ .`z̈nl § W © `z̈§il`©
xY¦ wi © e¦ (`i :`dr© © fp©i 'il© MË ª l`©
lM̈ zïe§ .`Ë©B zï it¥ g̈C§ `ÄxY© zïe§ .D©piCr©
¥ i 'il© r§ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© Jl`‡
¦ c©
i´¥YW§ Æz ¥̀ § i :`Ë©B lr© C§ ®.`ÄxY© lEAwn© o`Ax
© wª .gA‡c
© nË © l`©
dŸp`Ax © wª o`M© o`¦ e§ (ai :dN© l¦
x´¤W£̀ Æal¤ g¥̧ d© Îz ¤̀ e§ zŸi½ l̈M§ d© dŸA“§w© il § t© .fr` ¦ nË © l`© on¦
Cpq©
¦ ie§ (bi :dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA©
mi®¦lq̈M§ dÎl
© r© x†¤W£̀ od¤½ l¥ r£ .dŸgA‡c©§ ie§ .dŸq`x© 'il© r§ dŸCi§
ca¥½ M̈dÎl
© r© Æzx¤ z¤̧ ŸIdÎz
© ¤̀ e§ .x'vg © nl © `© `A' © k§
'il© r§ .dŸnC§ oExd© ip¦ A§ .oEûxi¦ e¦
iC©i§ oiA©
zïe§ :dP̈xi
«¤ q§ ¦ i zŸi†l̈M§ dÎl
© r© :`xi© C¦ Yq § nª `©p`Ax © wª .gA‡c © nË © l`©
b"qx xiqtz
.dN© l¦ `©p`Ax © wª dPn¦ A“¦wi © e¦ (ci
Fp½ Äx§ ẅ ÆEPO¤̧ n¦ aix³¦ w§ d¦ e§ ci
.sEBËl`© iH‡©
¦ bn˧ l`© Ax‡zl ‹© `© Æal¤ g¥̧ dÎz
© ¤̀ d®F̈dil«© d†¤X`¦
'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .mgûl © `© xi` ¦ q© e§
mgûl` © e© .oiY© el§ MË
¦ l`e© (eh :sEBËl`© Æz ¥̀ e§ ax¤ T¤½ dÎz
© ¤̀ d´¤Qk© n§ d«©
'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .`n© di ª l© r§ i'c¦ N§ `©
rn© .cA¦ MË § l`© ‡dC`© © if¦ e§ .`yg © `Ë © l`© :ax¤ T«¤ d© Îlr© x†¤W£̀ al¤ g¥½ d© ÎlM̈
`dx © Y¦ wi
© e¦ (fh :`dr© © fp©i 'il© MË ª l`© .ï§i mc̈w¢ `p̈ÄxEw .Di¥pÄxEw Di¥Pn¦ aix¥ẅie¦
.gA‡c© nË© l`© 'il© r§ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© ®.`ÄxY© lM̈ zïe§ .`Ë©B zï it¥ g̈C§ `ÄxY© zï
.lEAwn© i'vx ¦ n© `w© “§g© nª `©p`Ax © wª
mqx© (fi :dN© l¦ J`'c©M§ mgy© lMª zŸi½ l̈M§ d© i´¥YW§ Æz ¥̀ § eh :`Ë©B lr© C§
.mMª l`©
§ iB`© xn© 'il© r§ xdCl © `©
mgy© lMª .mMp ª M` od¤½ l¥ r£ x´¤W£̀ Æal¤ g¥̧ dÎz
¦ q© n§ rin¦ B§ it¦ © ¤̀ e§
m‡zª (` c :ElM` ª Y© `l© mC© lMª e§ Îz ¤̀ e§ mi®¦lq̈M§ d© lr© x†¤W£̀
:`ni© lM
¦ Y© iqEn
© dNl
© `© mN© M©
lr© ca¥½ M̈dÎl © r© Æzx¤ z¤̧ ŸId©
lr© C§ .oFdil¥ r£ C© `ÄxY© zïe§ .oïlFM oiYx ¥ Y© zïe§ :dP̈xi ¦ i zŸi†l̈M§ d©
«¤ q§
m¬ẍih¦ w§ d¦ § fh :D©piCr© ¥ i `z̈ïlFM lr© ®.`C̈aM© lr© C§ `xv
¨ g© zïe§ .`Ïqq
© B¦
ÎlM̈ g© Ÿgi ½ p¦ gi´¥© xl§ ÆdX ¤ `¦ mg³¤ ¤ l dg̈®¥A§fO¦ d© o†¥dŸMd©
`p̈ÄxEw mig¥ l§ .`g̈Ac § n© l§ `p̈£dM̈ oEPwi ¥ ie§ :d«F̈dil
¦ Q© «© al†¥ ¤g
Æml̈Fr zT³© ª fi :ï§i mc̈w¢ `ÄxY© lM̈ ®.`ër£ x©A§ `l̈Äwz © `¦ l§
m †C̈Îlk̈e§ al¬¥ ¤ gÎlM̈ m®¤kiz¥ Ÿa« WF § n« lŸk† A§ mki ¤½ z¥ Ÿx́Ÿcl§
lk̈e§ `ÄxY© lM̈ ®.oFki¥päzFn§ lk̈A§ .oFkix¥c̈l§ ml© r̈ mïw§ :El«k`¥ Ÿz `Ÿl¬
x¬¥Ac§©i © ` c (iying) % iriax t :oElki§ z¥ `l̈ `n̈C§
:xni© n¥ l§ dWŸ¤ n mr¦ ï§i liN¥ nE © :xŸn` « N¥ d¬¤WŸnÎl ¤̀ d†F̈d§i
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
:d¤Gd© wEqR̈©d lM̈ mi¦p£ M zxFz§ ¨ n d¤tï .ml̈Fr zT© gª fi
© A WxFt§
.dlek dxezd lka oke .xŸn« `N¥ oiae d¬¤WŸn oia d`ixwa cixtdl bdpnd .xŸn« `N¥ d¬¤WŸnÎl ¤̀ (`) xend ony
fi `xwie c `xwie 17
b"qx xiqtz
l» ¥̀ ẍU¦
§ i i´¥pAÎl§ ¤̀ xAº¥ C© a i`© .`l© i` ¦ w© li`¦ xq© `¦ ip¦ A§ xnª (a
`³ḧ¡gzÎi«¤ M¦ Wt¤ p¤À x¼ Ÿn`l¥ ‡ui` ¦ x©t§ on¦ ed§ q© A§ `h‡k
© `© o`qp © `¦
ln¦ r§ t§ .lnr © Yª `l© iY¦ N§ `© .dNl © `©
d½ëŸdi§ zŸév§ n¦ ÆlŸMn¦ Ædb̈b̈W§ a¦ `h‡k© `© o`¦ (b :mdp ª n¦ dC©g§ e©
'il© r§ .gEqnnË © l`© m`n© `Ë
¦ l`©
dܾ r̈e§ dp̈i®¤Ur̈z «¥ `Ÿl´ x†¤W£̀ .A“¦w© il¦ t© .q`©Pl`© `h‡ © k§ liA¦ q§
b"qx xiqtz
gEqnnË © l`© m`n© `˦ l`© 'c‡k`©
ª ie§ (d
© WÖd© o²¥dŸMd© gw¬©l̈e§ d
gi†¦
`A' © k§ 'il© `¦ dŸl‡kc© ¦ ie§ .dŸnC§ on¦ Fz† Ÿ` `i¬¦ad¥ e§ x®R̈d© mC´©n¦
rAq© .dPn¦ gvp© © ie§ (e :x'vg© nl© `©
‡dl` © A© w§ .dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA© x`x©n§ © ie§ :crFn
.`p̈£dM̈ aQ¦ «¥ ld¤ Ÿ`Îl
¬ ¤̀
rv© i§ m‡zª (f :qCwË ªl`© sBq¦
oMW
© n© l§ Dizï
¥ lir©
¥ ie§ ®.`xFz
¨ C§ `n̈C§ n¦ `Äx©
'il© r§ .mCl © `© on¦ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`©
‡bEnvl § `© xE‡kA¦ gA‡c © n© o`Mx © `© z ¤̀ o²¥dŸMd© l¯©aḧ § e :`p̈n¦f
`A' © k§ it¦ i'c¦ N§ `© .dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA©
dŸA‡vª i§ .mCl © `© iw`
¦ AE© .x'vg © nl© `© mC̈¹ dÎo
© n¦ d¸G̈d¦ e§ m®C̈A© Fr† Äv§ ¤̀
dCi© r¦ vl§ `© gA‡c © n© q`q© `§ Cpr¦
`A' © k§ A`A© Cpr¦ i'c¦ N§ `© d½ëŸdi§ i´¥pt§ l¦ Æmin¦ r̈R§ ra³¤©W
‡zx© mgy© rin¦ B§ e§ (g :x'vg © nl© `©
Ax‡zl ‹© `© .dPn¦ dŸrfp© § i deM‡»©
© cl`© :Wc¤ŸT« d© zk¤ Ÿx¬ R̈ i†¥pR§ Îz ¤̀
.`n̈cA¦ Dir¥ Av
§ ¤̀ zï .`p̈£dM̈ lFAh¦ie§
:`ẄcEwC§ `ŸkExR̈ mc̈w¢ ®.ï§i mc̈w¢ oipn¦
¦ f ra© W§ .`n̈C§ on¦ iC©
¥ie§
zx¤Ÿh³ w§ gA§ ©¸ fn¦ zFpx§ wÎl © n¦ od¥̧ ŸMd© Áozp̈
©Â r© mC̈¹ dÎo © §f
z´¥̀ e§ c®¥rFn ld¤ Ÿ`´ A§ x†¤W£̀ d½ëŸdi§ i´¥pt§ l¦ ÆmiO¦ Q© d©
dl̈½ Ÿrd̈« g´©A§fn¦ ÆcFq§iÎl ¤̀ ÆKŸRW¦ § i xRÀ̈ d© mCÎl´© M̈
.zp̈xw© lr© .`n̈C§ on¦ `p̈£dM̈ oiY¦ «¥ ld¤ Ÿ`¬ gz†¤
¥ ie§ :crFn © RÎxW£̀¤
`n̈C§ lM̈ zïe§ .`p̈n¦f oMW
© na
© C¦ .ï§i mc̈wC¦ `Ïnq
© Aª zxFhw
© C¦ `g̈Ac
§ n©
:`p̈n¦f oMW
© n© rxz
© a¦ C§ ®.`z̈l̈r£ C© `g̈Ac
§ n© C§ `c̈Fqil¦ jFRW¦i .`xFz
¨ C§
Îz ¤̀ EP®¤On¦ mixï
´¦ z`†Ḧg© d«© x¬©R al²¥
¤ gÎlM̈Îz ¤̀ § g
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
§ O¦ l© .crFn
:Er§bp̈ Er§bp̈ m¦`§e ,z¤ xR̈©A mi¦nC̈ mi¦r§bFp Eid̈ mi¦nl̈Fr zi¥aa§ E ,oM̈W ¥ ldŸ ¤ ` l ¤̀ d
al¤ g¥ lM̈ z ¤̀ e§ g :mC̈©d ix© § .mC© lM̈ z ¥̀ e§ f c¤b¤pM§ .WcŸ¤Td© zkŸ¤ xR̈ i¥pR§ z ¤̀ e :lk̈i¥dl©
¥iW
x©nFl cFn§lY¦ d©n ,x©nFl Fl dïd̈ FA§lg¤ .xR© l§e ,miC©
¦Ad© oi¥A c¤b¤pM§ o˪
kn§ ,Dz̈Ẍc§
ªw mFw§n
© WÖd© o²¥dŸMd© gw¬©l̈e§ d :wecwcd wlg
:`gth giynd ,xiaz odkd ,jix`n gwle .gi†¦
.d"iyx .mibdep ep` oke .`gth gi†¦
© WÖd© .xiaz o²¥dŸMd© .jix`n ,gw¬©l̈e§ .gi†¦
© WÖd© o²¥dŸMd© gw¬©l̈e§ (d) xend ony
hi `xwie c `xwie 19
b"qx xiqtz
ax¤ T¤½ dÎl
© r© d´¤Qk© n§ d«© Æal¤ g¥̧ d© xi`¦ q© e§ .sEBËl`© iH‡©
¦ bnË § l`©
Îlr© x†¤W£̀ al¤ g¥½ dÎl © M̈ Æz ¥̀ e§ :sEBËl`© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .mgûl © `©
i'c¦ N§ `© mgûl © `© e§ .oiY© el § MË
¦ l`e© (h
¨ .ax©Y§ lM̈ zïe§ :ax¤ T
`z̈Ḧg© C§ `xFY «¤ d© .`yg © `Ë © l`© 'il© r§ i'c¦ N§ `© .`n© di ª l© r§
zïe§ .`Ë©B lr© it¥ g̈C§ `ÄxY© zï .Di¥Pn¦ Wixt©
¥ i 'il© MË
ª l`© rn© .cA¦ MË § l`© ‡dC`© © if¦ e§
xe‡z© on¦ .rtx © iª `n© M§ (i :`dr© © fp©i
i´¥YW§ Æz ¥̀ § h :`Ë©B lr© C§ ®.`ÄxY© lM̈ 'il© r§ dŸ“Y§ wi© e¦ .dn` © l© Ql § `© gA‡c¦
b"qx xiqtz
'il© `¦ .xMq © rË
© l`© Bx`‡ ¦ k© 'il© `¦
Îl ¤̀ ÆxFdḧ mFw³ n̈Îl ¤̀
gxh © n© 'il© `¦ xd`
ah© g§ 'il© r§ dŸwxg©
¦ h© r‡ve
§ ie¦ .C`n© “l
© n©
§ `©
Fz² Ÿ` s¬©xÜe§ oW ¤ C½¤d© Kt´¤ ¤W
gxh © n© r‡ve © n© it¦ .x`©Pl`A¦ Kt¬¤
¤ WÎlr© W®¥̀ Ä mi†¦vrÎl ¥ r©
'id© q§ o`¦ e§ (bi :wxg © iª C`n© “l § `©
.li`¦ xq © `¦ l`© rin¦ B§ on¦ rnB© .`xFY ¥ ie§ :sx
¨ lM̈ zï wiR© «¥ V̈¦i oW†¤
¤ Cd©
.we§BË© l`© oEir¦ on¦ xn`© iA‡ ¦ bªe§
xz© £̀ l© ik¥ C§ xz© £̀ l© .`z̈ixW
¦ n© l§ `x¨A© n¦ l§
‡ui` ¦ x©t§ on¦ dC©g` ¦ e© .Eln§ r¦ t§
lnr© Yª `l© iY¦ N§ `© .dNl
© `©
lr© .Dizï ¥ ciwFi ¥ e§ .`n̈hw¦ cWi © n¥ ziA¥
Yt© x§rª m‡zª (ci :En‡z¦ `§ t¦ cWi
© n¥ ziA¥ xz© £̀ lr© ®.`z̈Ẅi`¦ A§ `Ïr© `¨
.`d© A§ eh‡k
on¦ `‡z© “© .we§BË
lM̈ m`¸¦ § bi t :cwFY¦
© `© iY¦ N§ `© .di©ih‡ ¦ kË
§ l`©
© l`© A“¦ w© iË §lt©
© i `n̈hw¦
.dŸA EY`©ie§ .deM'
:x'vg © nl © `© `A'
© cl`
m´©lr¤ § pe§ EB½ W¦
© l¦ xw© AË
© k§ A`A© 'il© `¦
§ l`©
§ i Æl ¥̀ ẍU¦ § i zc³©r£
EUr̈e§ l®d̈T̈d© i†¥pir¥ n«¥ xä½ C̈
«¥ Ÿl x¬¤W£̀ d²F̈d§i zŸēv§ nÎl
dp̈i†¤Ur̈zÎ` ¦ M̈n¦ zg©¸ `©
.`n̈b̈zt¦ `QEk
© n§ `di
¥ e¦ .oFlYW¦ ¨ iC§ `ŸWip¦ M§ lM̈ m`¦ e§ :EnW
§ i l ¥̀ xU¦ «¥ `¨ e§
`c̈ärz
£ `¦ l§ oix¦W§ k̈ `l̈C§ ®.ïiC© `ÏcFT
© R¦ lM̈n¦ cg© .oEcAr©
§ ie§ .`l̈d̈w§ i¥pir¥ n¥
d̈i®¤lr̈ E`† h« § g̈ x¬¤W£̀ z`Ḧ½ g© d«© Ædr̈cF§ p« § ci :oEaEgie¦
E`i´¦ad¥ e§ z`Ḧ½ g© l§ ÆxẅÄÎoA¤ x³©R ld¹̈ T̈d© Eaix¸¦ w§ d¦ e§
.Dl© r£ Eag̈C§ .`z̈aFg
§ rc§© izz¦ e§ :crFn
«¥ ld¤ Ÿ`¬ i†¥pt§ l¦ Fz½ Ÿ`
:`p̈n¦f oMW
© n© mc̈wl¦ ®.Dizï
¥ oFzi©ie§ .`z̈Ḧg© l§ ixFY
¥ xA© xFY .`l̈d̈w§ oEax§ẅie¦
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
oW ¤d FA oi¦kt§ FX¤W mFwn̈ .oW
¤ C© ¤ C¤d© Kt¤ W ¤ l ¤̀ xi¦rl̈ uEg¦n y¤IW ¤ i¦t§l .xFdḧ mFwn̈ l ¤̀ ai
(c e `xwie) xn̈¡ `¤PW
¤ Fn§M ,©gA¥§fO¦ d© o¦n wN̈ª qO§ d© zFrB̈ªpn§ mi¦pä£̀ Ki¦lW § d© l§ d¨`n§ h§
ªl ok̈En mFwn̈
lr© :d¤pg£ O© l© uEg¦n l¤̀ oW ¤ C©¤d z¤̀ `i¦vFd§e ,d¤pg£ O© l© uEg¦n x©nFl Kx§ ¨vdª ,zFxä§Td© zi¥a§lE
`l̈¥̀ x©nFl cFn§lY¦ oi¥̀ W § .sx¥ V̈¦i oW ¤ C¤d© Kt¤ W ¤ :xFdḧ mFwÖ©d `¤d§IW ¤ ,xi¦rl̈ uEg `EdW § d¤f
.l ¥̀ ẍU¦
§ i zc©r£ bi :oW
¤ C¤ mẄ oi¥̀ EN¦t£̀ W ¤ ,c¤O©l§l zi¥aa§ E ,zFp£gn© WlẄ§l uEg .d¤pg£ O© l© uEgn¦
zFxFd§l Erḧ .xäC̈ ml© r¤ § pe§ :oix¦c¤§d§pq© EN¥̀ Epi¥zFAx¦ EdEWx¥ §RW¤ Fn§M ,xi¦rl̈ uEg mi¦nl̈Fr
:xŸnª `EdW § dxFY©
¨ AW ¤ zFzixM̈ ¥ lM̈¦n z©g`© A§ :(a an) oix¦c¤ §d§pq© a§ E (` gq) `n̈Fi z¤kQ¤ n© A§
`k `xwie c `xwie 21
b"qx xiqtz
Îz ¤̀ d ¯c̈r¥ d̈« ip¥̧ w¦
§ f Ekn§ q̈« e§ eh dr`© n© BË § l`© ‡jEiy§ .Cpq© ¦ ie§ (eh
i´¥pt§ l¦ x†R̈d© W`ŸxÎl¬ r© m²¤dic§¥i oiA© xe‡zl ‹© `© q`x© 'il© r§ .mdi ª Ci¦ `©
iC©i§ oiA© dŸgA‡c© § ie§ .dNl © `© iC©i§
i¬¥pt§ l¦ x†R̈dÎz
© ¤̀ h¬©gẄe§ d®F̈d§i m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© .l‡kC© ¦ ie§ (fh :dNl © `©
`A'© k§ 'il© `¦ .dŸnC§ on¦ gEqnnË © l`©
§ ie§ :d«F̈d§i
zï `ŸWp¦ M§ ia¥ q̈ .oEknq¦ dŸrAv § `¦ qn‡b© ¦ ie§ (fi :x'vg © nl© `©
zï qFM¦ie§ ®.ï§i mc̈w¢ `xFY
¨ Wix¥ lr© .oFdic§¥i x`x©n§ rAq© .dPn¦ gvp© ¦ ie§ .dit¦
b"qx xiqtz
.aEg§i `Äx© m`¦ :mW «¥ `¨ e§ d†b̈b̈W§ A¦ `ed © q© .lnr
© Yª `l© iY¦ N§ `©
.Did¥ l̈`
¡ ïiC© `ÏcFT
© R¦ lM̈n¦ cg© .cia¥ r©£ ie§ ml¦ r§ m‡zª (bk :En‡z¦ `§ t§
:aEgie¦ ElẄA§ ®.`c̈ärz
£ `¦ l§ oix¦W§ k̈ `l̈C§ .`h‡k© `© i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ A§
Fz`
½ Ḧg© Æeil̈ ¥̀ rcFdÎF ³© « bk on¦ CEYr§ .dŸp`Ax
Cpq©
¦ ie§ (ck :gig¦ v§ xM‡
© wªA§ Y`©ilt©
© c§ fr` ¦ nË © l`©
Îz ¤̀ `i¯¦ad¥ e§ D®Ä `†ḧg̈ x¬¤W£̀ it¦ .dŸgA‡c© § ie§ .dŸq`x© 'il© r§ dŸCi§
iC©i§ oiA© dCi© r¦ vl § `© gA‡c© © i r‡ve © n©
x¬k̈f̈ mi†¦Gr¦ xir¬¦ U§ F²pÄx§ ẅ :deM‡
© c© oEMi§ `n© J`'c©M§ .dNl © `©
dŸnC§ on¦ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© ‡c‡k`©ª ie§ (dk
§ Dil¥ rc§© iz`¦ F` :min
ag̈C§ .Diz¥ aFg «¦ Ÿ o`Mx © `© 'il© r§ .lrB© © ie§ .dŸrAv § `© A§
xk© C§ oiG¦ r¦ xA© xit¦ v§ ®.Di¥pÄxEw zï izi©
¥ ie§ .DA© .dŸnC§ xi` ¦ q© e§ .dCi© r¦ vl§ `© gA‡c © n©
rin¦ B§ e§ (ek :dŸq`q© `§ Cpr¦ dŸAvª i§
W`Ÿx́Îlr© ÆFcï K³©nq̈e§ ck :mil¦ W§ .gA‡c
© nË © l`© 'il© r§ dŸxY§ w© i§ dŸngy©
.dn` © l© Ql§ `© gA‡c¦ mgy© M§
mFw² n§ A¦ Fz½ Ÿ` h´©gẄe§ xir½¦ V̈d©
:`Ed« z`†Ḧg© d®F̈d§i i´¥pt§ l¦ d†l̈Ÿrd̈« Îz ¤̀ h¬©gW§ i¦ÎxW£̀
¤
`z̈l̈r£ zï qFM¦iC§ .`xz
¨ `© A§ .Dizï
¥ qFM¦ie§ .`xi¨ t¦ v§ Wix¥ lr© Dic§¥i jFnq¦ie§
Æz`Ḧg© d«© mC³©n¦ od¥¹ ŸMd© gw©¸ l̈ § dk :`Ed `z̈Ḧg© ®.ï§i mc̈ẅ
z ¤̀ e§ d®l̈Ÿrd̈« g´©A§fn¦ zŸp† x§ wÎl
© r© ozp̈ ©¾ e§ Fr½ Äv§ ¤̀ A§
« Ÿrd̈« g¬©A§fn¦ cFq§
© ie§ :dl̈
.`p̈£dM̈ aQ¦ † iÎl ¤̀ KŸR½ W¦
§ i FńC̈
`g̈Ac
§ n© zp̈xw© lr© .oiY¦
¥ ie§ .Dir¥ Av
§ ¤̀ A§ `z̈Ḧg© C§ `n̈C§ n¦
ÎlM̈Îz ¤̀ e§ ek :`z̈l̈r£ C© `g̈Ac
§ n© C§ `c̈Fqil¦ ®.jFRW¦i Din¥ C§ zïe§ .`z̈l̈r£ C©
b"qx xiqtz
on¦ .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© dPr© xt‡b ¦ Yq© © ie§
† Ḧg© n«¥ o²¥dŸMd© ei¯l̈r̈ xR¤̧ k¦ e§
Fz`
xt‡b
© iªe§ `h‡k © `© i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ wiQ© ¥ Y© lM̈ zïe§ :Fl« g¬©
¥ i DiAx lq§ p¦ e§
o`qp © `¦ `h‡k © `© o`¦ e§ (fk :dŸl
.`ed © q© Cl© AË § l`© m`©er§ on¦ Cg` ¦ e© xR© ki
© e¦ .`ÏWcEw
© zqk© p¦ axz
© M¦ .`g̈Ac§ n© l§
‡ui` ¦ x©t§ on¦ dC©g` ¦ e© .ln¦ r§ t§ :Dil¥ wia¥ YW¦
§ ie§ Diz¥ aFg
§ n¥ ®.`p̈£dM̈ idFl
¦ r£
:m'z¦ `§ t§ lnr © Yª `l© iY¦ N§ `© .dNl
i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ A§ .sx©r§ m‡zª (gk
© `©
z²©g`© Wt¯¤ ¤ pÎm`¦ § fk (iyiy) t
.dŸp`Ax
dgi
© wªA§
© g¦ v§ fr` ¦ nË
Y`©ilt© .`h‡k
© l`© on¦ d`y©
© `©
ux®¨
¤ `d̈ mr´©n¥ d†b̈b̈W§ a¦ `¬ḧ¡gY «¤
i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ 'il© r§ .i'zp © `¦ zŸēv§ O¦ n¦ zg©¸ `© Dz̈ŸUr£ A«©Â
dŸCi§ Cpq© ¦ ie§ (hk :`h‡k © `©
it¦ .`dg © A‡c©
§ ie§ .`d© q` § x© 'il© r§ dp̈i†¤Ur̈zÎ`«¥ Ÿl x¬¤W£̀ d²F̈d§i
‡c'k`©ª ie§ (l :dCi© r¦ vl § `© rv‡e © n©
.dŸrAv § `© A§ `dn © C© on¦ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© ElẄA§ aEg§i .cg© Wp̈¡` m`¦ e§ :mW
«¥ `¨ e§
gA‡c
© n© o`Mx © `© 'il© r§ .lrB© © ie§ `ÏcFT
© R¦ n¦ cg© .Dic¥Ar§ n¦ A§ .`r̈x`© C§ `Ör© n¥
`dn © C© xi` ¦ q© e§ .dCi© r¦ vl§ `©
:aEgie¦ `c̈ärz £ `¦ l§ oix¦W§ k̈ `l̈C§ ®.ïiC©
:gA‡c
© nË © l`© q`q© `§ Cpr¦ .dŸAvª i§
Fz`
† Ḧg© eil̈½ ¥̀ rcFd
´© F µ gk
ÆmiG¦ r¦ z³©xir¦ U§ Fp¹ Äx§ ẅ `ia¸¦ d¥ e§ `®ḧg̈ x´¤W£̀
rc§©iz`¦ F` :`ḧ
« g̈ x¬¤W£̀ Fz`
† ḦgÎl
© r© dä½ w¥ p§ d´n̈in¦ Y§
lr© ®.`ÄwEp `n̈lW
© i¥Gr¦ zxi© t¦ v§ .Di¥pÄxEw izi©
¥ ie§ .ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg
§ .Dil¥
z`®Ḧg© d«© W`Ÿx́ lr†© FcïÎz
½ ¤̀ ÆKn© q̈ § hk :ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg
§
« Ÿrd̈« mFw† n§ A¦ z`Ḧ½ g´©
zï jFnq¦ie§ :dl̈ © dÎz ¤̀ Æhg© Ẅe§
:`z̈l̈r£ C© `xz
¨ `© A§ ®.`z̈Ḧg© zï qFM¦ie§ .`z̈Ḧg© Wix¥ lr© .Dic§¥i
zŸp† x§ wÎl
© r© ozp̈ ©¾ e§ Fr½ Äv§ ¤̀ A§ ÆDn̈C̈n¦ o³¥dŸMd© gw©¸ l̈ § l
cFq§ † iÎl ¤̀ KŸR½ W¦§ i D´n̈C̈ÎlM̈Îz ¤̀ e§ d®l̈Ÿrd̈« g´©A§fn¦
zp̈xw© lr© .oiY¦
¥ ie§ .Dir¥ Av © ie§ :g«
§ ¤̀ A§ Dn© C§ n¦ `p̈£dM̈ aQ¦ © A§
¥ fO¦ d©
:`g̈Ac
§ n© C§ `c̈Fqil¦ ®.jFRW¦i Dn© C§ lM̈ zïe§ .`z̈l̈r£ C© `g̈Ac
§ n©
dk `xwie c `xwie 25
b"qx xiqtz
xiqïÀ¦ D´Äl§ gÎl
¤ M̈ z ¤̀ e§ `l .dŸrfp©§ i `d© ng § y© rin¦ B§ e§ (`l
Îlr© n¥ a» l¤ g¥ x´©qEd xW£̀ ¤̧ M«© on¦ fr`
dŸxY¦ wi
¦ nË
© e¦
© l`© mgy© r©fp§ `n© M§
.dn`© l© Ql§ `© gA‡c¦
xi³¦hw§ d¦ e§ mi ¼ n¦ l̈X§ d© ga´¤ ©f 'il© r§ .gA‡c
.dPr© xt‡b
© nË
¦ Yq©
© l`© 'il© r§ m`n© `Ë
© ie§ .dNl © `© oiA`
¦ l`©
¦ x©w§
g© Ÿgi
† p¦ gi¬¥
© xl§ dg̈A§ ¥½ fO¦ d© Æod¥ ŸMd© o`¦ e§ (al :dŸl xt‡b © iªe§ m`n© `Ë ¦ l`©
on¦ `©p`Ax © wª A`©B Ed
o†¥dŸMd© ei²l̈r̈ x¬¤Rk¦ e§ d®F̈dil«© dŸA Y`©ilt© .deM‡ © cl`© l¦ o`‡Sl © `©
dŸCi§ Cpq© ¦ ie§ (bl :dgi © g¦ v§ i‡zp © `¦
`n̈M§ .iCr© © Y© lM̈ zïe§ :Fl« g¬©
¥ i DAx lq§ p¦ e§ `dg © A‡c©
§ ie§ .`d© q`
§ x© 'il© r§
:dCi© r¦ vl§ `© r‡ve © n© it¦ .deM‡ © cl`
© l¦
wiQ©
¥ ie§ .`ÏWcEw
© zqk© p¦ lr© n¥ ax©Y§ `Cr © Y© `¦ C§
`dn © C© on¦ ‡c‡k`©
ª ie§ (cl
mc̈w¢ `ër£ x©A§ `l̈Äwz
© `¦ l§ .`g̈Ac§ n© l§ `p̈£dM̈ o`Mx © `© 'il© r§ .r‡v¦ i§e§ .dŸrAv § `© A§
t :Dil¥ wia¥ YW¦
§ ie§ `p̈£dM̈ ®.idFl
¦ r£ xR© ki
© e¦ .ï§i xi`¦ q© e§ .dCi© r¦ vl
§ `©
:dŸq`q© `§ Cpr¦ .dŸAvª i§ `dn
gA‡c
© n©
© C©
F†pÄx§ ẅ `i¬¦aï Ua²¤ ¤ MÎm`¦ § al
¥ i .xO© `¦ m`¦ e§ :dP̈«¤̀ ia
izi© ¦ i§ d†n̈in¦ z§ d¬äw¥ p§ z`®Ḧg© l§
FcïÎz
½ ¤̀ ÆKn© q̈ § bl :D©pizi© ¥ i `n̈lW © `ÄwEp ®.`z̈Ḧg© l§ Di¥pÄxEw
b"qx xiqtz
.dŸrfp© § i `d© ng § y© rin¦ B§ e§ (dl
xiqïÀ¦ D´Äl§ gÎl
¤ M̈Îz ¤̀ e§ dl
on¦ o`‡vl © `© mgy© r©fp§ iª `n© M§ a» U¤ M¤ dÎa
© l« ¤ g¥ x¬©qEi xW£̀ ¤̧ M«©
`dx © Y¦ wi© e¦ .dn` © l© Ql
§ `© gA‡c¦
'il© r§ .gA‡c© nË© l`© 'il© r§ m`n© `Ë
¦ l`© xih¸¦ w§ d¦ e§ mi ¼ n¦ l̈X§ d© ga´¤ © Gn¦
dPr© xt‡b ¦ Yq©
© ie§ .dNl © `© oiA`
¦ x©w§
i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡¦ k§ or© .m`n© `˦ l`© lr†© dg̈A§ ¥½ fO¦ d© Æmz̈Ÿ` o³¥dŸMd©
i`© e§ (` d :dŸl xt‡b
Yev© rn¦ q§ o`© A§ .`h‡k
© iªt§ `h‡k
© `© o`qp
© `©
© `¦
ei¯l̈r̈ xR¤̧ k¦ e§ d®F̈d§i i´¥X`¦
i`© x§ e`© .Cd` ¦ y© Ede§ .Bxg© ÎxW£̀ ¤ Fz` ¬ Ḧg© lr© o²¥dŸMd©
xA‡k©
¦ i ml© e§ .dŸA ml¦ r§ e`© Jl`‡ ¦ c©
.o`qp © `¦ i`© e§ (a :dŸxfe¦ ln¦ g§ Cw© t§ © Y© lM̈ zïe§ :Fl« g¬©
DAx lq§ p¦ e§ `†ḧg̈
dq© B©¦ PlË`© xEn`Ë § l`© on¦ iy© A§ `©pC§
zqk
© P¦ n¦ xO© `¦ ax©Y§ `Cr © Y© n¦ C§ `n̈M§ .iCr©
¥ i
e`© .qB¦ p§ yge© ‡dli © A©
¦ pA§ e`©
.`g̈Ac§ n© l§ oFdzï
§ `p̈£dM̈ wiQ© ¥ ie§ .`ÏWcEw
©
®.`p̈£dM̈ idFl
¦ r£ xR© ki
© e¦ .ïiC© `Ï©pÄxEw lr©
Wt´¤¤ p § ` d % iyy t :Dil¥ wia¥ YW¦ § ie§ ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg
§ lr©
b"qx xiqtz
.Wp̈¡` F` :mW «¥ `¨ e§ `†¥nḧ `Ed¬ e§ e`© .dq© B¦ p§ dni © d¦ A§ ‡dli © A©¦ pA§
zla
© p¦ A§ F` .a`© q̈n§ mr© C̈n¦ lk̈A§ axw¦ © iC§ .qB¦ Pl
§ `© AiA¦ Cl § `© on¦ iy© ‡dli © A©¦ pA§
`xi¨ r¦ A§ zla
© p¦ A§ F` .`Ÿa`© q̈n§ `z̈ig© qB¦ p§ Ede§ .dPr© Jl`‡ ¦ c© iA‡ ¦ bªe§
.a`© q̈n§ Wig¥ x§ zla © p¦ A§ .F` .`ä £̀ q̈n§ ‡dq`©
© Bp§ A§ `©pC§ e`© (b :m‡z¦ `§ t§
:ag̈e§ a`© q̈n§ `Ede§ ®.Di¥Pn¦ `QEk © n§ idi ¥ e¦ `n© n¦ .dŸYq`© § Bp§ on¦ iû© A§ .o`qp © `¦
iA‡
¦ bªt§ .`d© A§ qBp© ª i o`© dŸliA¦ q§
mc̈½ `¨ z´©`n§ hª A§ ÆrB© i¦ i³¦k F ´ b `n© A§ ml` ¦ r© Ede§ En‡z¦ `§ t¦ .dPr©
b"qx xiqtz
.dN© l¦ dŸp`Ax © wªA§ Y`©ilt© (e
Îz ¤̀ `i´¦ad¥ e§ e :Dl© r£ ag̈C§ ®.iC©¥eie¦
.d`h‡k © `© i'c¦ N§ `© d`h‡
e`© .d©Br©p m©p‡bË
© k§ 'il© r§
§ l`© on¦ i'zp © `¦
ÁFz`Ḧg© lr´© d¿F̈dil«© FńẄ£̀
.deM‡
© cl` © l¦ fr` ¦ nË © l`© on¦ d`y© o`ŸS ¬ dÎo
© n¦ dä¸ w¥ p§ `h¹̈ g̈ xW£̀¤̧
m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© .dil© r§ xt‡b
¦ Yq© © ie§
l`©pY§ ml© o`¦ e§ (f :dŸi`h‡ © k§ on¦ mi†¦Gr¦ z¬©xir¦ UÎF § `« d²ÄU§ M¦
Y`©ilt© .d`W© x`Cw © n¦ dŸCi§
.`h‡k© `© `n© 'il© r§ dŸp`Ax © wªA§ o†¥dŸMd© ei²l̈r̈ x¬¤Rk¦ e§ z`®Ḧg© l§
m`n© g§ i‡kx © t© e`© oi©pipt ¦ W©
deM‡
© cl` © l¦ `n© dC ª g© `§ .dN© l¦ ¥ ie§ :Fz`
mc̈wl¦ Din¥ Ẅ`© zï izi© « Ḧg© n«¥
i‡c©`¦ t§ (g :dCi© r¦ vl` § l¦ x‡k¦ `Ë © l`e© `p̈r̈ on¦ `ÄwEp .ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg § lr© .ï§i
.m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© 'il© `¦ `n© dª A§ 'iY© `§
deM‡
© cl` © l¦ i'c¦ N§ `© .A“¦ w© il
§ t©
xR© ki
© e¦ .`z̈Ḧg© l§ i¥Gr¦ zxi© t¦ v§ F` .`ŸxO© `¦
.dŸq`x©
:dŸfxt©
lvt©
ª ie§ `ŸlÎm
¸ `¦ § f :Diz¥ aFg
§ i `l© e§ d`t© w§ il¦ i§ `n© n¦
.`l© ee§ `©
§ n¥ `p̈£dM̈ ®.idFl
¦ r£
`ia¸¦ d¥ e§ d¼ U
¤ iC´¥ »Fcï ri´¦© Bz©
§ `« mix²¦Ÿz i¬¥YW§ `hÀ̈ g̈ x´¤W£̀ Fn¹ Ẅ£̀ Îz ¤̀
Îi¥pa§ i¬¥pWÎF
« Ÿrl§ c¬g̈ ¤̀ e§ z`†Ḧg© l§ c¬g̈ ¤̀ d®F̈dil«© d†p̈Fi
`l̈ m`¦ e§ :dl̈
F` .oip¦ ipt
¦ W© oix¥Y§ .ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg
§ zï izi©
¥ ie§ .`x¨O§ `¦ zQ© n¦ M§ Dic§¥i ihn
¥ z¦
:`z̈l̈r£ l© cg© e§ `z̈Ḧg© l§ cg© ®.ï§i mc̈wl¦ dp̈Fi i¥pA§ oix¥Y§
x¬¤W£̀ Îz ¤̀ aix²¦ w§ d¦ e§ od¥½ ŸMdÎl © ¤̀ Æmz̈Ÿ` `i³¦ad¥ § g
lEO¬ n¦ FW` ² ŸxÎz ¤̀ w¯©ln̈E d®p̈FW`x«¦ z`†Ḧg© l«©
zï .aix¥ẅie¦ .`p̈£dM̈ zël§ oFdzï
§ izi© § i `Ÿl¬ e§ FR† x§ r̈
¥ ie§ :liC«¦ a©
:Wixt©
¥ i `l̈e§ Dil¥ c̈w§ lia¥ T¢ n¦ ®.DiWi
¥ x¥ zï wFln¦ie§ .`z̈Encw© `z̈Ḧgl
© C¦
b"qx xiqtz
lr© Æz`Ḧg© d«© mC³©n¦ dº̈Gd¦ e§ h hi`¦ g© 'il© r§ dŸnC§ on¦ g‡vp© © ie§ (h
mC̈½ A© x´¨`W§ P¦ d© e§ g© A§¥½ fO¦ d© xiw´¦ on¦ l‡v`
¦ tË© l`e© .gA‡c © nË © l`©
.dŸq`q© `§ 'il© r§ di‡S¦ n© i§ .mCl © `©
g®¥
© A§fO¦ d© cFq́§iÎl ¤̀ d†¥vÖ¦i :deM‡© c© oEMi§ `n© J`'c©M§
dCi© r¦ v§ dŸlnr© © i .ip` ¦ zl`
‹© e© (i
¥ie§ :`Ed
`z̈Ḧg© C§ `n̈C§ n¦ .iC© « z`†Ḧg© dPr© xt‡b
¦ Yq©© ie§ .dxi© Ql` ¦ M©
.`n̈cA¦ x`© YW¦
§ icE .`g̈Ac § n© lzFM
¤ lr© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ on¦ .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`©
:dŸl xt'b © iªe§ `h‡k © `© i'c¦ N§ `©
:`Ed `z̈Ḧg© ®.`g̈Ac
§ n© C§ `c̈Fqil¦ i¥vnz¦
§ i
on‡
© z§ dŸCi§ l`©pY§ ml© o`¦ e§ (`i
d†l̈Ÿr d¬¤Ur«£ i© i²¦pX ¥ dÎz
© ¤̀ § i .m`n© g§ i‡kx © t© e`© .oi©pipt ¦ y©
`n© 'il© r§ dŸp`Ax © wªA§ Y`©ilt©
o²¥dŸMd© ei¯l̈r̈ xR¤̧ k¦ e§ h®R̈W§ O¦ M© Cnª qª dAi © eË
©l`© xyª rª .`h‡k © `©
`†ḧg̈ÎxW£̀ ¤ Fz`
¬ Ḧg© n«¥ `di
`di
© l© r§ Avª i§ `l© .deM‡
© l© r§ lrB© © i `l© e§ .`©pdCª
© cl`
© l¦
b"qx xiqtz
`dp© n¦ ‡uAw© i¦t§ .m`n© `Ë
¦ l`©
ÆDz̈ẍ«M̈f§ `Îz© ¤̀ Fv¹ n§ wª `Fļn§
on¦ .dŸY‡vA § w© lnª .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© i´¥X`¦ lr†© dg̈A§ ¥½ fO¦ d© xi´¦hw§ d¦ e§
rn© .gA‡c © nË© l`© 'il© r§ `d© gi § t©
`n© J`'c©M§ .dNl © `© oiA` ¦ x©w§ ¥ ie§ :`ed
zël§ D©pizi© «¦ z`†Ḧg© d®F̈d§i
dPr© xt‡b ¦ Yq©
© i (bi :deM‡ © c© xiv¦ Y§
.Di¥vnwª il¥ n§ .D©Pn¦ `p̈£dM̈ uFnw¦ie§ .`p̈£dM̈
i'c¦ N§ `© dŸYii§h‡ ¦ k§ or© .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`©
d‡c©d© on¦ dC©g` ¦ e©A§ .`h‡k © `©
lr© .`g̈Ac § n© l§ wiQ© ¥ ie§ Dz© x§k̈c`© zï
m`n© `Ë ¦ l`l¦ xiv¦ Y§ e§ .dŸl xt' © bi
ª t§ÁxR¤ k¦ § bi :`id¦ `z̈Ḧg© ®.ïiC© `Ï©pÄxEw
mN© M© m‡zª (ci :`©i`C©dË © l`© xi`¦ q© M§
i`© (eh :`ni © lM¦ Y© 'iqEn
© dNl © `© Fz̄`ḦgÎl © r© od¥¹ ŸMd© eil̈¸ r̈
`h‡k
© `© e§ .`‡zM© © p ‡zM© p§ o`qp © `¦
dN†¥̀
¤ n¥ z¬©g`© n«¥ `²ḧg̈ÎxW£̀ ¤
.`p̈£dM̈ idFl
¦ r£ xR© ki © e¦ :d«g̈p§ O¦ M© o†¥dŸMl© d¬z̈i§ d̈« e§ Fl® g´©lq§ p¦ e§
:`z̈g̈pn¦ M§ `p̈£dk̈l§ idzE
¥ ®.Dil¥ wia¥ YW¦
§ ie§ oiN¥ `¦ n¥ `c̈£gn¥ .ag̈C§ Diz¥ aFg
§ lr©
:xŸn`« N¥ d¬¤WŸnÎl ¤̀ d†F̈d§i x¬¥Ac§©i © ci % iriay q
lr©½ n© lŸŕn§ zÎi
¦ M¦ Wt¤µ ¤ eh :xni© n¥ l§ dWŸ¤ n mr¦ ï§i liN¥ nE©
FņẄ£̀ Îz ¤̀ Á`ia¦ d¥ e§ d®F̈d§i i†¥Wc§ T̈n¦ db̈½ b̈W§ A¦ Æd`¨ h«
§ g̈e§
Û--------- i"yx ---------Û
d©nE .zENc© i¥Nc§ ©A F` zENc§ ©A F` zExi¦W£rA© Dn̈W § l¦ dx§ ¨hw§ ¦p§e dv̈§nw§ ¦p .`ed¦ z`Ḧg© ai
Ei§d¦i m¤dÄW ¦ gd© lFkϤW ,x©nFl cFn§lY¦ Fz`Ḧg© lr© bi :dl̈Eq§R Dn̈W
¤ oixEn£ § ¦l `N¤W ,dx¨W ¥ M§
,sFrÄ Ei§d¦i oi¦NT© d© e§ ,dxi¦¨ rU § F` dÄU § k¦ A§ ix£
¥dW ¤ ,aEzM̈©d dP̈¦W o`M̈ .`ḧg̈ xW£̀ ¤
,dẗi¥̀ d̈ zixi¦ ¦ U£rA© Ei§d¦i oi¦NT© A© W ¤ oi¦NT© d© §e ,Fz`Ḧ©gn¥ (i weqt) xn̈¡`¤p zENC© ©aE zExi¦W£rA©
oi¦Nw© zFe§Wd© §l ,d¤N ¥̀ n¥ z©g`© n¥ x©nFl cFn§lY¦ EwC§ §wC¦ ,Fz`Ḧ©g l©r xn̈¡`¤p zENc© i¥NC§ ©A o`k̈§e
,Fcï db̈i¦Vd¦ m¦` dxi¦ ¨ rU§ E dÄU § k¦ §l oixEn£
¦ gl© `ḧg̈ m¦`W § ,o`M̈¦n (a fk zezixk) Epi¥zFAx¦
i¥Nc§©A dẗi¥̀ d̈ zixi¦
¦ Ur£ l© oi¦NT© ©l oixEn£
¦ gd© z¤̀§e F` dÄU § k¦ l§ zFrn̈ Wix§ ¦td¦ e§ xi¦Wr̈ `Ed§WM¦
l©r c¤O©l§l .dg̈§pO¦ M© odŸ¥ Ml© dz̈i§ d̈e§ :zENc© .mixFz ¦ i¥YW § oz̈v̈§wO¦ n¦ `i¦aï ,i¦pr§ d¦ e§ dxi¦
¨ rU §
i¦tl§ Ed¤f ,oi¦lk̈¡`¤p d̈ixï§
¤ W Eid̈W ¤ `¥hFg z©g§pn¦ `i¦aï i¦pr§ d¦ §e mixFz ¦ i¥YW § ¦l zFrn̈ Wix§ ¦td¦
,dg̈§pO¦ M© o¥ M©l dz̈§id̈§e EWx§C̈ Epi¥zFAx§ ¦e .FhEX¦R xn̈¡`¤p KM̈§l] dẗi¥̀ d̈ zixi¦ ¦ U£r oz̈v̈§wO¦ n¦
x¨`W § M¦ Fl `¤dY§ ,`Ed o¥ M d¤f `¥hFg m¦`§e dẗi¥̀ d̈ zixi¦ ¦ Ur£ l© zFrn̈ Wix§ ¦td¦ .[Fz`Ḧ©gn¥
l d¤id§ Y¦ li¦lk̈§A `i¦dW § ,o¥ M z©ac¦ §p z©g§pn¦ KM̈§l ,xi¦Wr̈ o©Axẅ § `i¦aï§e o¤di¥l£r si¦qFi ,xiW¦ r§ d¦ §e
oi¥̀ .lr© n© lŸrn§ z¦ iM¦ eh :(fh e `xwie) l¥k`¨ z¥ .dN¤ ¥̀ n¥ zg© `© n¥ :Fz`Ḧ©g l©r o`M̈ xn̈¡`¤p
x¥nF` `Ed o¥ke§ ,iEP¦W `l̈¥̀ mFwn̈ lk̈§A dl̈i¦rn§ F` ,oï§p¦rÄ zFxEn£̀ d̈ zFxR̈©M WlẌ¦n z©g`© n¥
`l `xwie d `xwie 31
b"qx xiqtz
Îon¦ mi´¦nŸ li¦ ¯©` d¹ëŸdil«© .dNl© `© q`C©w§ `© on¦ iy© A§ .`ed © q©
mi¬¦lẅWÎs
§ q« ¤ M¤ L² M§ x§ r¤ A§ o`ŸSÀ d© yAM© dN© l¦ dŸp`Ax © wªA§ Y`©ilt©
dŸYni § w¦ A§ .m©p‡bË
§ l`© on¦ gig¦ v§
« `¨ l§ Wc¤ŸT† dÎl
Wp̈¡` :mẄ © w¤ W «¤ A§ l`w‡z © n¦ A§ dS‡© tª liw`‡
¦ z© n§
`ÏWcEw
© n¦ .ElẄA§ aEgie¦ .xw© W§ xT© W§ © i ix¥ £̀ i'c¦ N`§ e© (fh :o`Ax © wË ªl`l¦ qCwË ªl`©
mN¦ q© i§ qCwË ªl`© on¦ dit¦ `h‡k © `©
mil¦ W§ xk© C§ ï§i mc̈wl¦ Din¥ Ẅ`© zï izi©
¥ ie§ .ïiC©
.dŸqnª kª Dil© r§ Cifi ¦ e¦ .dŸl‡zn¦
irl
¥ q¦ A§ oirl¦ q¦ sq© M§ ®.Di¥pq̈xEtA§ .`p̈r̈ on¦ xt‡b
¦ Yq© © ie§ .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`l¦ dihr© ¦ ie§
ÁxW£̀¤ z´¥̀ § fh :`n̈Ẅ £̀ l© `ẄcEw xt‡b
© iªe§ o`Ax © wË
ªl`© yAM© A§ .dPr©
.`h‡k © `© o`qp © `¦ i`© e§ (fi :dŸl
© i Wc¤ŸT¹ d© Îon¦ `ḧ¸ g̈
Îz ¤̀ e§ mN¥À W§ ‡ui` ¦ x©t§ on¦ dC©g` ¦ e© .ln¦ r§ t§
.lnr© Yª `l© iY¦ N§ `© .dNl© `©
o¬©zp̈e§ eil̈½ r̈ s´¥qFi ÆFzWi ¦ n£
«¦ g m‡z¦ `§ Cw© dŸP`© A§ mlr© © i ml© e§
b"qx xiqtz
d¬¤WŸnÎl ¤̀ d†F̈d§i
x¬¥Ac§©ie© k iqEn
© dNl© `© mN© M© m‡zª (k
:xni
© n¥ l§ dWŸ © :xŸn`
¤ n mr¦ ï§i liN¥ nE « N¥ o`qp © `¦ i`© (`k :`ni © lM
¦ Y©
dNl`© A¦ `‡zM© © p ‡zM© p§ e§ .`h‡k
© `©
d¬l̈r£ n̈« E `ḧ½ g ¡z «¤ i´¦M Wt¤µ ¤ `k e`© dri © C¦ e§ dŸAg` § v© Cg© B§ t§
my‡ © b§ e`© Av‡ © b§ e`© .dl© n`§ r© nª
Fzi¹ n¦ r£ A«© Wg¥̧ k¦ e§ d®F̈diA«© lr†© ©n .dl`‡© v© CB¦ e§ e`© (ak :dŸAg` § v©
.lh` ¦ A© 'il© r§ sl© g§ e§ `dC © g© B§ t§
F`´ Æcï znE ¤ U³ z§ a¦ F`´ oFcÀ T̈t¦ A§ `n© rin¦ B§ on¦ .dN‡ © kª i`© 'il© r§
:Fzi« n¦ rÎz
£ ¤̀ w¬©Wr̈ F`† l½f¥ b̈a§ :`d© A§ ih‡k©¦ it§ o`qp
.m‡z¦ `§ e§ `h‡k
© `˦ l`© lnr©
© `© Ed `‡c©`¦ t§ (bk
© i
b"qx xiqtz
:`dC © B¦ e§ iY¦ N§ `© dl`‡ © Sl © `© e`©
x¬¤W£̀ d †c̈a£̀¥ d̈« Îz ¤̀ F`¬ FY® `¦
`n© n¦ .Jl`‡ ¦ c© 'ie©q§ `n© e`© (ck zï aizï
¦ e§ .aEgie¦ ihg¦ ¥ e¦ :`«v̈n̈
¥ i ix¥ £̀ idi
.`l© h`§ A© dil© r§ slg© ¦ i o`© dŸliA¦ q§
dil© r§ Cifi ¦ e¦ .dŸq`x©A§ dŸCx¦il § t©
zï F` .wW
© r£ C© `ẅWEr zï F` .l©fbC¦ `l̈¥fB̈
.dŸl Ed i'c¦ N§ `© ihr© ¦ ie§ .dŸq`n‡k© `© zï F` ®.Dizë ¥ l§ cwt
© Y© `¦ C§ .`p̈FcwR¦
:dŸAp‡c©A§ dŸt`x©Yr
.dN© l¦ dŸp`Ax
§ `¦ me©i it¦
© wªA§ Y`©ilt© (dk
F Â ck xihtn :gMW © `© C§ `z̈ci§ a¥ £̀
.m©p‡bË
'il© `¦
§ l`©
o`Ax
on¦
© wË ªl`l¦
gig¦ v§ yAM©
dŸYni
§ w¦ A§
»eil̈r̈ r´©aẌ¦iÎxW£̀ ¤ lŸMº n¦
dPr© xt‡b ¦ Yq© © ie§ (ek :m`n© `Ë ¦ l`© ½ ŸxA§ ÆFzŸ` m³©NW¦ e§ x¼ w¤ X
FW` ¤ l©
xt‡b
© iªe§ dNl © `© iC©i§ oiA© .m`n© `Ë ¦ l`©
rin¦ B§ on¦ .dN' © kª z©iI`© 'il© r§ .dŸl ¤̧ l«© ei®l̈r̈ s´¥qŸi ei†z̈W¦ n£
xW£̀ «¦ ge«©
:`d© A§ m‡z`© © it§ lnr©
© i `n©
:Fz« n̈W§ `© mF¬iA§ EP†¤pY§ i¦ Fl² `Ed¬
idFWn
¦ gª e§ .DiWi
¥ x¥A§ Dizï
¥ miN¥ Wi © e¦ .`xw
¨ W¦ l§ idFl
¦ r£ ra© YW¦
§ iC§ .`l̈FMn¦ .F`
:Diz¥ aFg
§ C§ `n̈FiA§ Di¥Pp¦ Y¦
§ i ®.Dili ¥ C¦ `Edcl¦ .idFl
¦ r£ siqFi ¥
Îon¦ mi¯¦nŸ li¦ ` ´© d®F̈dil«© `i†¦aï Fn¬ Ẅ£̀ Îz ¤̀ § dk
¥ ŸMdÎl
¥ i Din¥ Ẅ £̀ zïe§ :o«d
izi© © ¤̀ m†Ẅ`¨ l§ L¬ M§ x§ r¤ A§ o`ŸS² d©
:`p̈£dM̈ zël§ `n̈Ẅ £̀ l© Di¥pq̈xtª A§ ®.`p̈r̈ on¦ mil¦ W§ xk© C§ .ï§i mc̈wl¦
Fl® g´©lq§ p¦ e§ d†F̈d§i i¬¥pt§ l¦ o²¥dŸMd© ei¯l̈r̈ xR¤̧ k¦ § ek
:Dä« d¬n̈W§ `© l§ d†¤Ur«£ i©ÎxW£̀ ¤ lŸM¬ n¦ z²©g`Îl
© r©
cia¥ r©
£ iC§ lŸMn¦ ®.`c̈£g lr© .Dil¥ wia¥ YW¦
§ ie§ ï§i mc̈w¢ .`p̈£dM̈ idFl
¦ r£ xR© ki
© e¦
t t t :DA© ag̈nl¦
@
l`erc oniq mi¦wEQi¦t À̀ iÀwÀ
`xwiec dxhtd
b"n oniq diryia
zipi
¦ wz
¥ `© ,oic¥ `Ör© © i i†¦zN̈d¦ Y§ il½¦ iY¦ x´©§ vï ÆEfÎmr
:Ex«R¥ q§ © `
z̈`†ẍẅ i¬¦zŸ`Î`Ÿl § a :or© ŸWn¦ oFd§i ,iYg
¦ AW
© zª A§ ®.ip¦ g̈ltª l§
‹ Ia¦ p§ ic§¥ i lr© xin¦ £̀ :l«¥̀ ẍU¦
ip¦ g̈ltª A§ `l̈e§ `Ï© § bïÎiM¦ aŸw® r«£ i©
§ i i†¦A Ÿr¬©
:l ¥̀ xU¦
¨ i ,izi ¦ xF`
¨ otl
© ª̀ A§ oFzi ¥̀ l§ ix¥ £̀ ®.aŸwr© £ i zia¥ C§ ,oEYrx©r̈
`Ÿl³ ip®Ÿ
¦ c§ A© k¦ `Ÿl´ Li†¤gä§fE LizŸl
¤½ Ÿr« d´¥U ÆiN¦ z̈`i³¥adÎ`Ÿ¥ b
¦ ¥̀ `l̈ :d«p̈Fal§ A¦ Li†¦Yr©
`z̈izi § bFd« `¬Ÿle§ dg̈½ p§ n¦ A§ ÆLiY¦¸ c§ a© r«
¡d¤
,jl̈r£ izi
¦ Bq
¦ `© `l̈ .in© c̈w¢ `ŸxT©
© i `l̈ ,jẄcwª zqk
© p¦ e§ .`l̈r£ l© oix¦O§ `¦ ,in© c̈w¢
Æsq¤ M¤̧ a© i³¦N z̈ip¦¸ ẅÎ`Ÿ c :`z̈pFal § A¦ ,jl̈r£ ziti
¦ wz
¥ `© `l̈e§ ®.oip¦ Äxwª A§
Lize`Ÿ
¤½ Hg© A§ Æip¦ Y©¸ c§ a© r«
¡d¤ K`©À ip®z̈i¦ e¦ x§d¦ `Ÿl´ Li†¤gä§f al¬¥ ¤ ge§ dp¤½ ẅ
zqk
© p¦ axzE© .mq© a§ i¥pw§ ,sqk
© A¦ in© c̈w¢ `Ÿpia§ «¤ pŸe« r£ A«© ip†Ÿ
¥ f `l̈ :LizŸ ¦ r©§ bFd«
®.jäFgA§ ,in© c̈w¢ `z̈iBq
¦ `© .mx©A§ .ig¦ Ac
§ n© lr© `Ÿpid¥ C§ `l̈ ,jẄcwª
Lir†¤Ẅt§ d¬¤gŸn `Ed² i¬¦kŸp`«¨ ikŸ¸¦ p «¨ d :jz̈ïër£ A© ,in© c̈w¢ `Ÿtiwz ¥ `©
lic¦ A§ ,jäFgl§ wia¥ Ẅ .`Ed `p̈£̀ `p̈£̀ :xŸM« f§ ¤̀ `¬ Ÿl Li†¤z`ŸHg© e§ i®¦pr£ n«© l§
d†Ÿ`© x¬¥Rq© cg®ï © d†ḧt§ Ẍ « p¦ ip¦ xi
¾¥ M§
¦ f © e :oExkC¦©i `l̈ ,j`¨ ḧgE ®.in¦ W§
:iMf
¥ z¦ e§ lFMY¦ m`¦ ,Y`© ir¦ YW © `¦ ®.`C̈gM© oic¦ p§ ,or© M§ xni© ¥̀ :wC̈« v§ Y¦ or¬©
© nl§
,d`¨ n̈cw© jEa £̀ :ia «¦ ErW¬R̈§ Li†¤vil¦ nE § `®ḧg̈ oFW` † x¦ d̈« Li¬¦a ¨ f
d³p̈Y§ ¤̀ e§ Wc¤Ÿw® ix´Ü ¥ l†¥Ng£̀ © «© g :ix¦ni § n¥ A§ Ecx©n§ ,jẗN§ nE © ®.`ḧ£g
.`Ẅcwª ia¥ xa § x© ,qiR¥ `© e§ :mitEC «¦ b¦ l§ l†¥̀ ẍU¦ § ie§ aŸw½ r«£ i© Æmx¤ g¥̧ l©
k"ke ,miinlyexia mb gzt e"ied .l†¥Ng£̀
© e«© g :unw cegl dilr xiqne unw e"izd .ip†Ÿ ¦ r©
§ bFd« c
:'cegl dilr xiqne' lecb c"ke miinlyexia mb gzt c"nld .Æmx¤ g¥̧ l© :(w"cxe) ft ilk 'qa lyx
36 `xwiec dxhtd el
(:l«¥̀ x¨U¦
§ i WFc†w§ Fn® W§ zF`† äv§ d¬ëŸdi§ Epl¥¾ £̀ ŸB« )
(:l ¥̀ ẍU¦iC§ ,`ẄiC¦ w© .® Din¥ W§ ,zF`äv§ ï§i .`p̈w«© x§R̈)
,ml© r̈l§ `Ed jx© än§ .® `n̈Ïw© e§ `Ïg© ,`l̈ir¥ l§ iC¦ .`ẄiC¦ w© `Äx© `n̈W§ ,gA© Y© W§ i¦ e§ jx© Äz¦i `C̈ lr©
:`Ïn© l§ r̈ in¥ l§ r̈lE