MAKALAH

TENSE

Arranged to Fulfill English Tasks

Mentor : Mr. Ainul Yaqin, M.Pd.

Arranged by:

Putri Laili Syarifah

PRODI EKONOMI SYARI’AH

SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM

ISLAMIC CENTER DEMAK

YEAR 2021
 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude The writing team would like to thank God for His grace that has been
bestowed on us so that we can complete the paper entitled “Tense” which is one of the structured
assignments in English in the first semester.

In this paper, we discuss how to identify writing problems, background,. In completing this
paper, the author’s team has received a lot of help and input from various parties. Therefore, in
this opportunity, the writer team would like to express their gratitude to:

Mr. Ainul Yaqin M.Pd. as a Lecturer of the STAI IC Demak English course who has given the
task of “Tense” so that the knowledge of the writing team in writing this paper is increasing and
it is very useful for the preparation of our thesis in the future.

Demak, 8 December 2021

Putri Laili Syarifah
 BAB I

A. INTRODUCTION

English is the international language. By mastering the English language well, then we will be able to
communicate with other nations in the world. In addition, we will be able to add insight and knowledge
for the progress of our nation and our country, because we will be able to read English literature,
listening to radio broadcasts overseas, and watching the movies the other sciences. Thus, in the end we
can master the knowledge-knowledge in all fields.

Each language must have rules or we often refer to as the grammar of each, as well as in English, there
are many rules that must be considered in their use, especially in the field of writingnya. Therefore, the
author tries to present some rules of the many rules of English, in addition to fulfilling the task of English
subjects.

B.    Iidentification of problems

1. What is the Past Perfect Tense, the formula and what are the examples?
2. What is the meaning of Present Perfect Continuous Tense, what is the formula, division and
examples?
3. What is Direct and Indirect Speech?
4.    Preposition

C.    Purpose
From the identification of the problems above, the author certainly aims to explain or explain
these points, according to the knowledge we have obtained, both from source books and from
our teachers. Hopefully everything will be useful for us. If there are errors in writing or words in
this paper, the author apologizes profusely.

BAB II

DISCUSSION

A.    Simple Present Tense

although present mean now (sekarang) but matter of in don't be interpreted that the action done at
the moment. this tenses is used to express something that have the character of remain to, real
truth or habit. Because often concerning occurence of past time, now and will come. This Tense
at least having selected time description. English sentences generally must have subject (S) and 
Predicate (P). Because that, all tenses formulatived like that.
Formulas of Present Tense:
(positive)    : S + V1 / S + V1 + O
(Negative)    : S + do (es) not + V1
(Interrogative)    : Do (es) + S + V1 ?
If in the sentence have not another verb, so we use verb to be.
Affirmative (+): S + Be (am, is, are)
Affirmative (-)    : S + Be (am, is, are) + not
Affirmative (?): Be (am, is, are) + S
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I drink milk.
•    A postman delivers letters.
•    A Man walks with his feet.
(Negative)    :
•    I do not drink milk.
•    A Postman do not delivers letters.
•    The Man do not walks with his feet.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Do You drink milk?
•    Does Postman delivers letters?
•    Does The Man walk with his feet?
(Affirmative)    :
(+)    : I am busy.
(-)    : I am not busy
(?)    : Are you busy?

B.    Present Continuous Tense

    This Tense is used to express something really action is doing in this time. sentences in this
tense a more regular weared than present tense.
Formulas of Present Continuous Tense:
(positive)    : S + Be (am, is are) + V ing (present participle)
(Negative)    : S + Be (am, is are) + not + V ing
(Interrogative)    : Be (am, is, are) + S + V?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I am sitting on a chair.
•    It is raining now.
•    We are studying English
(Negative)    :
•    I am not sitting on a chair.
•    It is not (isn’t) raining now.
•    We are not (aren’t) studying English.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Is it raining now?
•    Are you studying English?
Interrogative word “When” (kapan) don’t be used in Present Contionuous Tense if except is
meant express to action which immediately and surely (immediatc future). Example:
•    When are you coming back?
There are some selected verb which may not be used in Present Continuous Tense though actions
is really done nowadays and is instead weared sentence in Present Tense. the verbs for example
are see, hear, smell, forget, remember, know, understand, like want, hate, care, etcetera.
Examples:
•     “I know the lesson now”    Not    “I am knowing the lesson”
•     “Do you understand now?”    Not    “Are you understanding now?”

C.    Present Perfect Tense

    This is Tense which was generally assumed most was difficult to comprehended. To overcome
this matter is we have to recognize marking of Tense this. Present Perfect Tense Of dot weigh
against at "It have or have its" an action "is not at time doing" action. or equally Present Perfect
Tense don't make account of when the happening of an action but the haveness of action done.
Therefore this Tense have never followed by time description.
Examples:
False        : I have read this book yesterday.
True        : I have read this book already (Present Perfect Tense)
Or        : I read this book yesterday (Simple Past Tense)
Ad for possibly cause this Tense is confused with Past Tense.
Formulas of Present Perfect Tense:
(positive)    : S + have (has) + V3 (past participle)
(Negative)    : S + have (has) + not + V3
(Interrogative)    : Have (has) + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    You have told me before.
•    She has never seen a tiger.
•    They have been to Japan many times.
(Negative)    :
•    You have not told me about it.
•    She has not seen that film yet.
•    They have not been to Japan.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Have you told me before?
•    Has she met you before?
•    Have they been to Japan?

D.    Present Perfect Continuous Tense

    If an action started past time but still is doing till now hence us use sentence in the form of
Present Perfect Continuous Tense. This Tense is weared if Verb is including Static Nature
(bersifat tetap).
    Such as: Stand, Sleep, Lie, Study ,etc. that verbs usually used in Present Perfect Tense.
Comparing:
•    I have read this book (Saya sudah membaca buku ini). which intended to you may borrow
him or interrogate me concerning the book content because I have read its.
Unlike:
•    I have been reading this book for a month. with the meaning I have read this book during one
unfinished months but and still I will continue.
Formula of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + have (has)  been + V ing
PAST TENSE
1.    Simple Past Tense
    is used to express an old world action that happened. Way past tense form depend on type of
second Verb. first way added d or of ed at second verb (regular verb). Second way in generally
change the vowel sounds (irregular verb).
Formula of Simple Past Tense:
(Positive)    : S + V2 (preterite)
(Negative)    : S + did not (didn’t) + V1
(Interrogative)    : Did + S + V1 ?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I walked to school yesterday
•    The girl ate much ice cream this morning
•    They had a car last year
(Negative)    :
•    I didn’t walk to school yesterday
•    The girl didn’t eat much ice cream this morning
•    They didn’t have a car last year.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Did you walk to school this morning?
•    Did she eat much ice cream this morning?
•    Did They have a car last year?
2.    Past Continuous Tense
    This Tenses is used to express an action which is happened in past time. and at the same time
happened other action. This Tense emphasize is the happening of the action not its have.
Formulas of Past Continuos Tense:
(Positive)    : S + was/were + V ing (present participle)
(Negative)    : S + was/were + not + V ing
(Interrogative)    : was/where + S + V ing?

Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I was reading a newspaper
•    The sun was shining brightly
•    The children were playing football
(Negative)    :
•    I wasn’t reading a newspaper
•    The sun wasn’t shining brightly
•    The children weren’t playing football
(Interrogative)    :
•    Was I reading a newspaper?
•    Was the sun shining brightly?
•    Where the children playing football?

E.    Past Perfect Tense

    It is the same with Past Continuos Tense nor selfsupporting as simple sentence but have to
provide with Past Tense sentence. this used to express an action which have been done in past
time.
Formulas of Past Perfect Tense:
(Positive)    : S + had + V3
(Negative)    : S + had + not + V3
(Interrogative)    : Had + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I had seen the film
•    The man had been sick
•    They had met her
(Negative)    :
•    I hadn’t seen the film
•    The man  hadn’t been sick
•    They hadn’t met her
(Interrogative)    :
•    Had you seen the film?
•    Had The man been sick?
•    Had they met her?

F.    Past Perfect Continuos Tense

    Present participle of Past this Perfect like action which still take place past time when an other
occurence cut.
Formulas of Past Perfect Continuos Tense:
(Positive)    : S + had been + V ing
(Negative)    : S + had not + been + V  ing
(Interrogative)    : Had + S + been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    They had been living in France
•    She had been sleeping
•    They had been meeting
(Negative)    :
•    I hadn’t been living in France
•    She hadn’t been sleeping
•    They hadn’t been meeting
(Interrogative)    :
•    Had They been living in France?
•    Had She had been sleeping?
•    Had They been meeting?
FUTURE TENSE
1.    Simple Future Tense
        This Tense is used to express an action to happen in the future.
Formulas of  Simple Future Tense:
(Positive)    : S + shall/will + V1
(Negative)    : S + shall/will + not + V1
(Interrogative)    : Shall/will + S + V1
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I shall see you tonight
•    She will speaks English well soon
•    They will do their homework tomorrow
(Negative)    :
•    I will not  see you toninght
•    She will not speaks English well soon
•    They will not do their homework
(Interrogative)    :
•    Will you see her tonight?
•    Will  she speaks English well soon?
•    Will they  do their homework?
A lot have a notion that Future Tense can be expressed by "be going to". This not entirely
correctness, because "going to" usually not express future the purification but containing
certainty or intention the speaker. Examples:
•    She is going to do his homework
•    I am going to marry you

Comparing with:
•    She will do his homework as soon as his mother asks him
•    I will marry you if I have enough money
Future by "going to" seldom accompany another Clause (anak kalimat). because if that way, no
longger show someone desire. While Future with shall/will often respective another clauses.
2.    Future Continuous Tense
    This Tense is used to express estimated to action underway at the time of selected is future or
there is happened other action.
Formulas of  Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive)    : S + shall/will be + V ing
(Negative)    : S + shall/will + not + be + V ing
(Interrogative)    : Shall/will + S + Be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    I will be sleeping at 11 o’clock tonight
(Negative)    :
•    I will not  be sleeping toninght
(Interrogative)    :
•    Will you be sleeping tonight?

3.    Furure Perfect Tense

    This Tense is used to express an estimated action have been done at the selected time in future
or if there are any other action.
Formulas of  Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive)    : S + shall/will have + V3
(Negative)    : S + shall/will + not + have + V3
(Interrogative)    : Shall/will + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    You will have spoken English well.
(Negative)    :
•    You will not have spoken English well.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Will  You have spoken English well?
4.    Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    This Tense is weared to express an estimated action will come in selected future period or if
there are any happened other action. This Tense seldom wear.
Formulas of  Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive)    : S + shall/will have been + V ing
(Negative)    : S + shall/will + not + have been + V  ing
(Interrogative)    : Shall/will + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    She will have been teaching for 30 years next January.
(Negative)    :
•    She will not have teaching for 30 years next January.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Will  She have been teaching for 30 years next January?

PAST FUTURE TENSE

1.    Past Future Tense
    This Tense generally only used in Conditional (Kalimat Pengandaian) or Reported Speech
(Kalimat tidak langsung).
Formulas of  Past Future Tense:
(Positive)    : S + should/would + V1
(Negative)    : S + should/would not + V1
(Interrogative)    : Should/would + S + V1?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    If I were you, I should marry her. (Conditional)
•    He said that He would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
(Negative)    :
•    I should not marry her.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Would you marry her?
2.    Past Future Continuous Tense
    This Tense is weared very rare and if there are any, only met in Reported Speech.
Formulas of  Past Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive)    : S + should/would be + V ing
(Negative)    : S + should/would not be + V ing
(Interrogative)    : Should/would + S + be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    They told us that they would be having dinner.
(Negative)    :
•    They would not be having dinner.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Would they be having dinner?

3.    Past Future Perfect Tense

    This Tense intrinsically only weared in Conditional (kalimat Pengandaian) as main clause for
expressing unreal past (lampau tak nyata).
Formulas of  Past Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive)    : S + should/would have + V3
(Negative)    : S + should/would + have + not +V3
(Interrogative)    : Should/would + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last night.
(Negative)    :
•    You would have not met a lot of friends.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Would you have met a lot friends?
4.    Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    This Tense is used very rare even in Reported Speech even if.
Formulas of  Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive)    : S + should/would have been + V ing
(Negative)    : S + should/would + have not + been +V ing
(Interrogative)    : Should/would + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive)    :
•    Her baby would have been sleeping for hours when she arrived home.
(Negative)    :
•    Her baby would have not been sleeping for hour when she arrived home.
(Interrogative)    :
•    Would Her baby have been sleeping for hour when she arrived home?

BAB III

CONCLUSION
Based on the paper, it can be concluded as follows. Present Tense or Simple Present Tense is
used to express events or events, activities, activities and so on that are currently happening.
Present Tense is also used to state a fact, or something that is happening over and over again in
the NOW. Remember, PRESENT means now, now.
Present Progressive Tense or formerly known as Present Continuous Tense is usually used to
describe an ongoing event. The essence of the Past Tense is to express events that have been
“past”. The past here doesn’t have to be too long, just it’s past, it’s past.
The Past Continuous Tense is used to express events that are HAPPEN, but are happening now,
but are happening but BEFORE, but have passed. Future Tense or Simple Future is used to
express an event that will happen. Future tense is about Later. Something that means “Future”
means “Future”. Therefore, in the Future Tense the use of the word Will, Shall which means will
definitely dominate.
This one tense talks about an event that is “Currently Occurring” as well as the Present
Continuous Tense, but the difference is in the Future Continuous Tense, the “Medium” is not
now but tomorrow, will come, later. Present Perfect Continuous Tense This one is used to
express an event, event or whatever it’s called, which HAS happened and is STILL going on
even very likely WILL continue.
Present Perfect Tense emphasizes the PERFECT. Perfect means “perfect”. Perfect which means
“finished, done, done, just finished, etc”. So, if you emphasize the “ALREADY” then use this
Present Perfect Tense. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense in English Grammar lessons is used to
express things or events that have happened and are currently happening in the past.
The Past Perfect Tense is similar to the Present Perfect Tense, only the timing is different. The
emphasis is on the PERFECT, that’s the end. Future Perfect Tense is used to express something
that “has happened, but WILL”. It will be like that. If you reopen the English lesson on Future
Continuous Tense, this Future Perfect Tense will also be very easy to understand. Future Perfect
Continuous Tense is used to express events that: will, have and are still taking place in the future.

REFERENCES
Nahdy.(2012).Tenses (Online)
nahdy.student.umm.ac.id/files/2010/02/Tenses.doc
Annonimus.(2012).Tenses (Online)
vednesday 8 December 2021. 09.00 WIB
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses accessed on Wednesday 8 December 2021.
10.15 WIB