2. Design by Eurocode No.

2 a Concrete
Building

Applicable CivilFEM Product: All CivilFEM for ANSYS Products

Level of Difficulty: Easy
Interactive Time Required: 30-35 minutes
Discipline: Concrete
Analysis Type: Linear static
Element Type Used: BEAM3
Active Code: Eurocode Nº2
Units System: N, m, s
CivilFEM Features Demonstrated: Units selection, code selection, material
definition, concrete section definition,
reinforcement and postprocessing of
stresses

Problem Description
The objective is to design the necessary reinforcement of a 2 span and two
floors building loaded with distributed load as shown in the figure below. It
has a rectangular cross-section.

H
D 0.30 m

0.30 m
H

B B

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-1

 Given
The geometry and load distribution of the simply supported beam are shown
in the previous figure. The following is a list of all the input parameters:

Concrete C25/30
Reinforcing Steel S 500
Geometric dimensions
B=5m
H=3m

Loads:
- Punctual load P of 100 kN located at the middle of diagonal bar.
- Dead load D of 100 kPa located on first floor and roof.

 Approach and Assumptions

We are going to discretize the beam with a 2D model, using linear beam
elements. Model geometry is defined with solid modeling and automatic
meshing of elements and nodes.

2-2 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 Summary of Steps

Preprocessing
1. Specify title
2. Set code and units
3. Define material
4. Define element type
5. Define solid modeling entities
6. Beam & Shell Properties
7. Define Solid Modeling entities
8. Meshing
9. Save the database

Solution
10. Apply displacement constraints
11. Apply pressure load
12. Solve

Postprocessing
13. Enter the postprocessor and read results
14. Plot the deformed shape
15. Plot Bending Moment
16. Axial + bending Checking
17. Axial + bending Design
18. Plot Reinforcement Factor
19. Exit the ANSYS program
20. Log File

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-3

Interactive Step-by-Step Solution

 Preprocessing
A typical CivilFEM analysis begins with providing data such as the units
system, active code, materials, element types, model and section geometry
definition

1. Specify title
Although this step is not required for a CivilFEM analysis, we recommend
that you make it part of all your analyses.
Utility Menu: File Change title
1 Enter the title: “Concrete Building Reinforcement”
2 OK to define the title and close the dialog box.

2. Set code and units

Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Setup

1 Select CivilFEM Setup
2 Choose Units

2-4 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 2

3 Ok to use SI units

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-5

3. Define material

Material properties definition is performed with the CivilFEM ~CFMP

command. This command automatically defines the ANSYS material
properties (density, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion
coefficient) and the CivilFEM material properties necessary for code
checking. In this case we will select Fe 510 steel.
The CivilFEM ~CFMP command allows us to define stress-strain diagrams,
to define safety coefficients, to control the linear or non-linear behavior of the
material and to select the activation time of the material.
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Preprocessor Materials
1 Pick New Material
2 Choose Materials

3 Pick on Concrete
4 Pick on the EC2 icon to choose C25/30

5 Add

6 Pick on Reinforcing Steel

7 Pick on the EC2 icon to choose S 500
8 Add
9 Exit

2-6 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 3 6

7
4

5 8 9

10 Ok to exit

10

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-7

4. Define element type
Checking and designing according to codes is performed only on CivilFEM
supported element types. Although you can use any ANSYS element to
define your model, only the CivilFEM supported elements will be checked
according to codes. In the element type menu you can see the CivilFEM
supported beam elements.
We will use a 2D elastic Beam 3 for this analysis.
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Preprocess Element Types Civil
Beams
1 Select 2D Elastic Beam 3
2 OK to define element type

5. Define concrete cross section

Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Preprocessor Cross Sections

1 Click Concrete button

2-8 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 1

2 Select Rectangular shape

3 Enter Ywidth = 0.3 and Zdepth = 0.3
4 OK to define concrete cross section

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-9

4 Modify

5 Go to Edit Reinforcement Groups

6 Pick on New Reinforcement button to define group 1

2-10 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

7 Select Material 2
8 Enter Geometrical cover Gc= 0.03 m
9 Choose Face 2
10 Select 0: Scalable
11 Amount by number of bars
12 Enter 3 as number of bars
13 Choose Fi = 20 mm
14 Select 4: Bars at both end at MC
15
13 Ok

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-11

 7

8 10
9 14

12
11

13

15

16 Pick on New Reinforcement to define group 2

2-12 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 16

17 Select Material 2
18 Enter Geometrical cover Gc= 0.03 m
19 Choose Face 4
20 Select 0: Scalable
21 Amount by number of bars
22 Enter 3 as number of bars
23 Choose Fi = 20 mm
24 Select 4: Bars at both end at MC
25
13 Ok

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-13

 17
18 20
19 24

22
21

23

25

26 Ok again and exit

2-14 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 26

26

6. Beam & Shell Properties

CivilFEM command ~BMSHPRO will be used to define ANSYS real
constants.

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-15

 Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Preprocessor Beam & Shell pro
1 Click the New Beam button

2 Select cross section number 1

3 Enter “Concrete Beam” as name for the Beam property
4 Select element type BEAM3

2-16 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

5 3 4

5 Apply
6 Exit Beam & Shell Properties

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-17

7. Define solid modeling entities
Now we create keypoints.
Main Menu: Preprocessor   Modeling  Create Keypoints In Active
CS
1 Enter 1 for first keypoint
2 Enter x=0, y=0 for coordinates of keypoint 1
3 Apply to create the first keypoint

4 Enter 2 for second keypoint

5 Enter x=5, y=0 for coordinates of keypoint
6 Ok

Follow the same procedure in point 3 ( x=10, y=0)

Now we copy all these points :
Main Menu: PreprocessorModeling Copy  Keypoints

7 Pick alll
8 Enter 2 copies
9 Enter 3m as Y offset

2-18 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 10 Ok

Now we create lines joining these keypoints

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-19

 Main Menu: PreprocessorModeling Create Lines  Straight Line
Floor:
7 Pick keypoint 4 and then keypoint 5 .

8 Pick keypoint 5 and then keypoint 6

9 Pick keypoint 4 and then keypoint 7

2-20 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 9

Follow the same procedure to create lines for the roof between keypoints 7-8

Now for first column:

10 Line between keypoint 1 & 4
Now for second column:
11 Line between keypoint 2 & 5
12 Line between keypoint 5 & 7
And for third column
13 Line between keypoint 3 & 6
14 Line between keypoint 6 & 8

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-21

 12 14

10
11 13
1

8. Meshing

Main Menu: Preprocessor MeshingMesh Tool

5
1 In Set Controls: Pick on Global Set
2 Enter 10 as number of element divisions
3 Ok
5
4 Mesh
5 Pick all
6 Close Mesh Tool

2-22 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 2

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

9. Save the database

Toolbar: CFSAVE

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-23

  Solution

10. Apply displacement constraints

Main Menu: Solution   Define Loads  Apply  – Structural –
Displacement On Nodes
1 Pick the three nodes at supports
2 Ok
3 Choose ALL DOF
4 Ok

1 1 1

2-24 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

11. Apply pressure load

Main Menu: Solution  Loads  Apply  Structural  Pressure On

Beams
1 Pick floor & roof elements : 11 to 20 and 31 to 40 to select them ( a total of
20)
2 Enter 1 for Load key
3 Enter 100000 for VAL I
4 OK to apply pressure and close dialog box

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-25

 1

Select everything: Utility Menu: Select Everything

2-26 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

12. Apply punctual load
Main Menu: Solution  Loads  Apply  Structural  Force/Moment
On Nodes
The force of 100 kN is divided into FX and FY components:
1 Select node number 27
2 Ok

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-27

3 Choose FX
4 Enter value of 85750 N
5
3 Apply

6 Select again node 27

7 Enter value of -51450 N
8
3 Ok

2-28 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

12. Solve
Main Menu: Solution   Solve  Current LS
1 Review information in the status window, and then close the window
2 OK to begin the solution
3 Close the information window when solution is done

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-29

 1

2-30 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 Postprocessing
Postprocessing is where you review the analysis results through graphic displays
and tabular listings.

13. Enter the postprocessor and read results

You must select the load step from which you want to read the results data,
from the CivilFEM results file. This results file contains the calculated forces,
moments and stresses.
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Read Results  By Load
Step
1 Enter 1 in the Load Step number box
2 OK to read load step 1

14. Plot the deformed shape

Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape
1 Choose Def + undef edge
2 OK

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-31

15. Plot Bending Moment
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode
No.2: Beam ResultsBeams UtilitiesGraph ResultsForces &
Moments
1 Choose Bending Mom Z
2 OK

2-32 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

16. Axial + Bending Checking
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Code Checking Eurocode
No.2: Check by codeBeams & Solid: 2D Axial + Bend
1 Ok

We plot results:
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Code Checking Eurocode
No.2: Beam Results Plot results

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-33

 1 Ok to plot Eurocode No.2 checking criterion.

17. Bending and Axial Design

The CivilFEM ~DIMCON command design reinforced concrete cross
sections.
Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode
No.2: Design by codeBeams & Solid: 2D Axial + Bend
1 Enter 0.5 and 70 as minimum & maximum amount of allowable reinforcement
2 Ok

2-34 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 1

18. Plot Reinforcement factor

Main Menu:  CivilFEM  Civil Postprocess Code Design Eurocode
No.2: Beam Results Plot results
1 Choose Reinfact and Ok

Reinforcement factor is plotted, the total reinforcement area must be multiplied by

this factor to design by Eurocode No.2.

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-35

19. Exit the ANSYS program
ANSYS Toolbar: Quit
1 Choose to save everything
2 OK

2-36 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

20. Log File

FINISH
~CFCLEAR,,1
/TITLE,CONCRETE BUILDING REINFORCEMENT

~UNITS,SI

FINISH
/PREP7

! ELEMENT TYPE
ET,1,BEAM3

! MATERIALS
~CFMP,1,LIB,CONCRETE,EC2,C25/30,0,0,0
~CFMP,2,LIB,REINF,EC2,S500,0,0,0

! CROSS SECTION
~CSECDMS,1,REC,1,0.3,0.3,

! BENDING REINFORCEMENT
~RNFDEF,1,1,2,2,0,0.03,,,20,3,,,4
~RNFDEF,1,2,2,4,0,0.03,,,20,3,,,4

! BEAM & SHELL PROPERTY

~BMSHPRO,1,BEAM,1,1,,,3,1,0,CONCRETE BEAM

! MODEL
K,1, 0,0
K,2, 5,0
K,3,10,0

KGEN,2,ALL,,,,3,,0,0

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-37

 K,7, 5,6
K,8,10,6

L,4,5 $ L,5,6 ! 1ST FLOOR

L,4,7 $ L,7,8 ! ROOF
L,1,4 ! 1ST COLUMN
L,2,5 $ L,5,7 ! 2ND COLUMN
L,3,6 $ L,6,8 ! 3RD COLUMN

! MESHING
ESIZE,,10
LMESH,ALL

/SOLU

! BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
D,ALL,ALL

ESEL,S,ELEM,,11,20
ESEL,A,ELEM,,31,40
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,100000

ALLSEL,ALL

F,27,FX,85750
F,27,FY,-51450

ALLSEL,ALL
SOLVE

/POST1

~CFSET,,1,1

2-38 Example 2: Concrete Building Design

 ! BENDING MOMENT
~PLLSFOR,M,Z,-1,
! DEFORMED SHAPE
PLDISP,2

~CHKCON,2DB
~PLLSCON,ELM_OK,1,
~PLLSCON,CRT_TOT,1,
! BENDING+AXIAL DESIGN
~DIMCON,2DB,,,0.5,70
~PLLSCON,REINFACT ! REINFORCEMENT FACTOR

Basic Example 2: Concrete Building Design 2-39