Lecture3 : General Physics 16-10 -2021 Dr. Ayad M. S.

Esmail

Fluid Mechanics:

3.1 Pressure
3.2 Variation of Pressure with Depth
3.3 Pressure Measurements
3.4 Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’s Principle

Matter is normally classified as being in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas.
From everyday experience we know that a solid has a definite volume and shape, a
liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and an unconfined gas has
neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

A fluid is a collection of molecules that are randomly arranged and held together by
weak cohesive forces and by forces exerted by the walls of a container. Both liquids
and gases are fluids.

The mechanics of a fluid at rest is fluid statics, and fluids in motion is fluid dynamics

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 Lecture3 : General Physics 16-10 -2021 Dr. Ayad M. S. Esmail

3.1 Pressure

An important distinction is that force is a vector and pressure is a scalar.

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 Lecture3 : General Physics 16-10 -2021 Dr. Ayad M. S. Esmail

3.2 Variation of Pressure with Depth

If the liquid is open to the atmosphere and P0 is the pressure at the surface of the
liquid, then P0 is atmospheric pressure.

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3.3 Pressure Measurements

14.6 Two devices for measuring pressure: (a) a mercury barometer and (b) an open-tube manometer.

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3.4 Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’s Principle

Where Vdisp = Ah is the volume of the fluid displaced by the cube

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