Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-PROF ED I-1STSEM-2020-2021

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Bayombong Campus

DEGREE BSED COURSE NO. PROF ED 1

PROGRAM
SPECIALIZATION English, Filipino, COURSE THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
Mathematics, TITLE LEARNERS AND THE LEARNING
Social Studies PRINCIPLES
and Science
YEAR LEVEL 2 TIME FRAME 6HRS WK 14-15 IM 24
NO. NO.

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

I. Development of the Learners at Various Stages

II. LESSON TITLE: Adolescence (The High School Learner)

1. Physical Development of High School Learners

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

Adolescence is a time for rapid cognitive development. At this stage of development, there is a
decrease in egocentric thoughts, while the individual’s thinking takes more of an abstract form.
This allows the individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. Behavioral studies also
show the development of executive functions comprised by cognitive functions that enable the
control and coordination of thoughts and behavior. Adolescence is therefore a period of human
development that has a great influence on the individual’s future life through character and
personality formation.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

a. to describe the cognitive development of adolescents in the light of Piaget’s and Siegler’s
cognitive development theories;
b. to explain the consequences of the adolescents’ cognitive development on their behavior;
c. to define over achievement and under achievement and propose solutions to under
achievement;
d. to present an abstract of a recent research related to cognitive development of adolescent;
and
e. to draw implications of these cognitive development concepts to high school teaching-
learning and parenting.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for
educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-PROF ED I-1STSEM-2020-2021

V. LESSON CONTENT

MODULE 24

Physical Development of High School Learners

Defining Adolescence

Adolescence is a period of transition in terms of physical, cognitive and socio-emotional

changes. The period of adolescence begins with the biological changes of puberty. The specific
ages for this period vary from person-to-person but (i) early adolescence characterized by
puberty may come at the age of 11 and 12, (ii) middle adolescence may meet identity issues
within the ages of 14 and 16, and (iii0 late adolescence marks the transition into adulthood at
ages 17 and 20.
Puberty Changes

Throughout life, growth hormones condition gradual increases in body size and weight.
Hormone Flooding during adolescence causes an acceleration known as growth spurt.
Growth spurts include a change in body dimensions (leg length, shoulder width, trunk length).
Spurt in height is ascribed to trunk growth rather than leg growth.

Factors Affecting Development

The series of hormonal changes accompanying puberty is complex. Hormones are

powerful and highly specialized chemical substances that interact with bodily cells. Hormonal
Changes in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands signal the entire process of sexual
maturation.

The process entails:

(i) secretion of gonadotropic hormones by the anterior pituitary at the base of the brain
near the geometric center of the head
(ii) (ii) Gonads which are the ovaries for the female and the testis for the mare are then
stimulated by the gonadotropic hormones, in turn stimulating their own hormones
(iii) this stimulation causes the secretion of testosterone in the male sex organ and of
estrogen in the female ovary.

 In the male, testosterone stimulates male characteristics comprised by:

(i) Spermache enlargement of the testis gland that produces sperm in the
scrotum, growth of the penis male organ for copulation;
(ii) capacity for ejaculation of male sperms;
(iii) voice change;
(iv) facial hair development or beard growth and continuing growth of pubic hair.

 In girls, estrogen secretion triggers the beginning of breast enlargement,

appearance of pubic hair, widening of the hips and menarche or first
menstruation.
 In contrast with menarche, spermache signals the first sign of puberty and sexual
maturity in boys.

The Secular Trend

The Secular Trend is a phenomenon of more rapid physical maturation during this
century. In the 1800s, girls in industrial societies had their first menstrual period at age 15-17,
and age later in repressed societies. Today boys reach their maximum height at age 18-20 and

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for
educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-PROF ED I-1STSEM-2020-2021

13-14 for girls, but adult height 100 years ago was at 23-25 for boys and 19-20 for girls. The
secular trends are ascribed to varied factors:

a) Interaction of genetic and environmental influences;

b) Improved health care and living conditions; and
c) Control of infectious diseases

Sexual Identity

Adolescence is a time of sexual exploration and experimentation with sexual fantasies

and realities of incorporating sexuality with one’s identity quoted by Santrock, 2005 from one’s
identity (Christopher, 2001).

Adolescents are concerned about their body image sexual attractiveness how to do sex
and the future of their sexual lives. Most adolescents manage to develop a mature sexual
identity but a number go through it with much confusion.

How do Adolescent develop a sexual Indentity?

An adolescent’s sexual identity involves sexual orientation, activities, interests and styles
of behavior (Bugwell and Rosenthal, 1996). Some adolescents are very anxious about sex and
sexually active. Others are only a bit anxious about sex and are sexually inactive.

Sexual orientation is a person’s tendency to be attracted to people of the same sex

(homosexual orientations), of the opposite sex (heterosexual orientation) or of both sexes
(bisexual orientation)

Self-Esteem

A major aspect of identity formation during the period of adolescence is self-esteem.

Self-esteem is defined as one’s thoughts and feelings about one’s self-concept and identity.
Most theories on self-esteem state that there is a grand desire across all genders and ages to
maintain, protect and enhance self-esteem.
The lack of romantic competence – failure to meet the affection of the opposite sex –
can be a major contributor to low self-esteem in adolescent boys. In a Meyer study, the end of a
romantic relationship can affect both boys and girls, but girls are twice as likely to experience
depression, while boys are three to four times more likely to commit suicide.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Sharing with the small group of past personal experience on physical and sexual
development

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Write a story about your experiences during your high school grade.

VIII. REFERENCES

A. Books
1. Bergin, C. and Bergin D. 2018. Child and Adolescent Development in your Classroom (3rd ed.)
USA: Cengage Learning
2. Bergin, C.C. and Bergin, D.A. 2015.Child and Adolescent Development in your Classroom:
Cengage Learning. Stamford USA.
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for
educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-PROF ED I-1STSEM-2020-2021

3. Corpuz, Brenda B. et.al. 2018. The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles:
OBE-PPST-Based, PAFTE Project Write. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
4. Kandel, D.B., Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent independence in the US and
Denmark, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 69, 348-358
5. Marion, Marian. Guidance of Young Children, USA: Pearson Merrill-Prentice Hall, 2007.
6. Ormrod, J.E.2011. Educational Psychology: Developing Learners (7th Ed.) Boston: Pearson/Ally
& Bacon.
7. Preschoolers Cognitive Development. USA: Magna Systems, 2007.
8. Preschoolers Physical Development. USA: Magna Systems, 2006.
9. Santrock, John, W. 2002. Life-Span Development, 8th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
10. Trawick, Smith, Jeffrey. 2006. Early Childhood Development A Multicultural Perspective USA:
Prentice Hall, 4th edition.
11. Woolfolk, Anita .2013. Educational Psychology. Pearson Education Inc.: New Jersey
B. e-Resources
1. http://www.cdipage.com/development.htm
2. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/5/80.05.03.x/htm1#f
3. http://www/squidoo.com/folicacidpregnant

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for
educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 4 of 4