Undaakuka = to have, to happen,

Undaayi = happened (oru accident undaayi = one accident happened=> there was an accedent)
undu+aayirunnu = undaayirunnu = had

Have/has = undu Had = undu+aayirunnu = undaayirunnu Will have = undaakum

Eniku* undu Eniku* undaayirunnu Eniku* undaakum

Enikku oru pen undu = I have a pen Dileepinu car undayirunnu = Dileep had car Ningalku job undaakum = you will have job
Avanu oru car undu = he has a car Avalku fever undayirunnu = she had fever Jithinu difficulty undaakum = Jithin will have difficulty
pookaam
Undo ? Undaayirunno? Undaakumo ?

ninaku oru pen undo ? = Do you have a pen ? Avalku fever undayirunno ? = had she fever ? Eniku job undaakumo ? = Will I have job ?
Avanu oru car undo ? = has he a car ?

Aruthu = do not Paadilla ** = do not

Cheyyuka = to do. Cheyyaruthu = do not do (also cheyyuka aruthu ) Cheyyan paadilla = do not do
Parayuka = to say parayaruthu = do not say (also parayuka aruthu ) Parayaan paadilla = do not say

This word ‘aruthu’ is used to show command/request This word ‘paadilla’ is also used to show
command/request

* eniku, ninaku, ningalku, avanu, avalku, avarku, njangalku, Dileepinu, Leenaku, Mielinu,
Johnsonu
** This can be confused with the negative of the verb ‘ paaduka =to sing’; paadilla = not
sing. (njaan paadilla = I do not sing/ I wont sing; paaduka + illa = paadilla)
Simple Present Present continuous Simple Past Continuous Simple Future/routine Offer in Future
Past
-uka => -unnu Verb + aanu /aakunnu Use paast tense of the Verb+ aayirunnu -uka => -um -uka => -aam
verb
Njaan oodunnu Njaan ooduka aanu Njaan pookum
(ooduka) Njaan oodukayaanu Njaan oodi Njaan ooduka Njaan ennum kulikkum Njaan pookaam
aayirunnu = I take bath every day
Can = kazhiyuka Could = kazhinju May May be/Might be/will be
Chilappol + future of
Eniku* verb-uka+aan kazhiyum Eniku* verb-uka+aan kazhinju verb Verb + aakum/aayirikkum
Enikku oodaan kazhiyum = I can run Enikku oodaan kazhinju = I could run Avan chilappol varum = Njaan pookuka aakum = I will
Avanu neenthaan kazhiyum = he can swim Avanu neenthaan kazhinju = he could swim he may come be/may be going

Have to, need to Had to Ask permission

Eniku* verb-uka+anam Eniku* verb-uka+anam aayirunnu -uka => -atte?

Eniku pookanam = I have to go Eniku pookanam aayirunnu = I had to go Njaan pookatte? Shall I go?
Johnsonu pookanam = Johnson has to go Johnsonu pookanam aayirunnu= Johnson had Njaan neenthatte? = shall I swim?
Avanu pookanam = he has to go to go
Must/ should Just finished Let us do something

-uka => -anam
Nee pookanam = you should go
Johnson pookanam = Johnson should go
Avan oodanam = He should run
Past tense of verb + kazhinju
Njaan cheythu kazhinju = I have done
Avan pooyi kazhinju = he has just gone
Same as ‘offer is future’
Nammalku cheyyaam = let us do
Nammalku pookaam = let us go
Nammalku oru break edukkaam = Let us take a break
Will have to

Eniku* verb-uka+ endi varum

Ninaku pookendi varum = you will have to go
Njangalku neenthendi varum = we will have to swimm
Ooduka = to run • eniku, ninaku, ningalku, avanu, avalku, avarku, njangalku,
Neenthuka = to swim Dileepinu, Leenaku, Mielinu, Johnsonu