ARITHMETICS SEQUENCES

EXAMPLE 2 i) Find the nth term

Tn = a + (n - 1) d

2, 6, 10, ….. Tutorials

b ) 20th term - 76 /78
a) 13th term c ) 15th term - 58
d) 30th term - 118
a=2
n = 13
d=4

T13 = 2 + (13 - 1) 4
= 50 *

EXAMPLE 3 iii) Find number of term (n) & sum of all terms

12, 17, 22, ….... 67 T1, T2, T3, T4, …..

Tn = a + (n - 1) d Sn = n / 2 [ 2a +

a = 12 S12 =
d=5 = 474*
n = 12*

67 = 12 + (n - 1 ) 5 Tutorial
67 = 12+ 5n - 5 12, 7, 2, …....
67 - 12 + 5 = 5n i) number of
60 = 5n ii) sum of all t
n = 60 / 5
= 12
i) "- 273 = 12 + (n
"- 273 = 12 -
" - 273 - 12 - 5
 ii) Find the sum nth term

Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]
step 4 step 3 step 1 step2

2, 6, 10, ….. Tutorials

b ) 20th term - 102 / 800
a ) sum of 13th term c ) 15th term - 87.5
d) 30th term - 147
a=2
n = 13
d=4

S13 = 13 / 2 [ 2 (2) + ( 13 - 1) 4 ]
= 338 *

Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]

12 / 2 [ 2 (12) + (12 - 1 )5
= 474*

Tutorial
12, 7, 2, ….... -273 a = 12
i) number of term d = -5
ii) sum of all terms n = 58
"- 273 = 12 + (n - 1) - 5 ii) -566

"- 273 = 12 - 5n + 5 -578

" - 273 - 12 - 5 = - 5n Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]
"-290 = - 5n S58 = 58 / 2 [ 2 (12) + (58 - 1) -5]
n = -290 / -5 " = - 7569
n = 58
 term - 102 / 800
term - 87.5
term - 147
(58 - 1) -5]
i) nth term ii) Sum of nth term

Tn = a + (n - 1) d Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]
step 4 step 3 step 1 step2
2, 6, 10, ….. 2, 6, 10, …..
b) 20th term b) 20th term

a = 1st term ; 2 a = 1st term ; 2

n = number of term ; 20 n = number of term ; 20
d = common difference ; 4 d = common difference ; 4
(eg: 2nd term - 1st term) (eg: 2nd term - 1st term)

T20 = 2 + (20 - 1) 4 S20 = 20 / 2 [ 2(a) + (20 - 1) 4]

78 800
c) 15th term c) 15th term

a=2 a=2
n = 15 n = 15
d=4 d=4

T15 = 2 + (15 -1) 4 S15 = 15 / 2 [ 2(2) + (15 -1) 4]

58 450
d) 30th term d) 30th term

a=2 a=2
n = 30 n = 30
d=4 d=4

T30 = 2 + (30 -1) 4 S30 = 30 / 2 [ 2(2) + (30 -1) 4]

118 1800
 Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]
step 4 step 3 step 1 step2
150, 275, 400, 525,…...

c ) sum of term from 5th term to 12th term inclusive

a = 150
d = 125
n = 4th term & 12th term

S12 - S4

S12 = 12/ 2 [ 2 (150) + (12 - 1) 125 ]

= 10050

S12 - S4 = 10050 - 1350

"= 8700

Example 5

Find the 1st term (a) and common difference (d) of an a

Tn = a + (n - 1) d

1st equation ; a + (4 - 1) d = 33 ------> a + 3d = 33

2nd equation ; a + (10 - 1) d = 120 -------> a + 9d = 120
2nd equation - 1st equation

6d = 87
d = 87 / 6
 = 14.5

substitute d = 14.5 into 1st equation

a + 3(14.5) = 33
a + a43.5
= = 33
a = 33 - 43.5
a = - 10.5

Tutorial 2

The 3rd term and 6

a ) common differen
b) 1st term
h term inclusive

S4 = 4/2 [ 2(150) + (4 - 1) 125]

= 1350

erence (d) of an arithmetic sequence if the 4th term is 33 and the 10th ter

3d = 33
+ 9d = 120
 Tutorial 1

The 2nd term and 6th term of an arithmetics seq are 1 and 27 resp

a) First term a = -5.5

b) Common difference d = 6.5 Tn = a + (n-1) d

c) sum of 16th term S16 = 692 a + (2-1) d

a + (6 -1) d
a = -5.5
d = 6.5 2nd equation - 1st equation

n = 16
(-)

Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + (n - 1) d ]

"= 16 / 2 [ 2(-5.5) + (16 - 1) 6.5]

= 692

3rd term and 6th term of an arithmetic seq are 34 and 70 respective
ommon difference
t term
33 and the 10th term is 120.
eq are 1 and 27 respectively. Find

Tn = a + (n-1) d

a + (2-1) d = 1
a + (6 -1) d = 27
2nd equation - 1st equation

a + 5d = 27
a+d=1

4d = 26 -----> 3rd equation

d = 26 /4
= 6.5 substitute into 1st equation

a + 6.5 = 1
a = 1 - 6.5
= - 5.5

and 70 respectively. Find

Example 1

5 , 15 , 45, 135
i) 8th term
ii) sum of 8th term

a=5
r = (15/5 = 3) ; (45/15 = 3)
n=8

Tn = ar n - 1
' = (5) (3) '8-1
'= (5) 2,187
'= 10, 935

in your
calculator 3 ^ 7 = 2,187
S8 = 5 (3^8 - 1) / 3 -1
= 5 (6560) / 3 - 1
= 32800 / 2
' = 16400
Example 2

1, 6 , 36 ….... Find 10th term and sum of 10th term Ans : 10th term -> 10, 077696 Su

10th term

a=1 Tn = (1) (6) ^ 10 - 1 Sn = 1 (6 ^ 10 - 1)

r=6 Tn = (1) (6) ^ 9 6-1
n = 10 Tn = (1) (10, 077696)
T10 = 10, 077696 Sn = 1 (60466176 - 1)
6-1

Sn = 60466175 / 5

Example 3 Sn = 12, 093235

7, -14, 28 …. Find 15th term and sum of 15th term Ans : 15th term -> - 114 688 Sum

a=7 Tn = (7) (-2) ^ 15 - 1 Sn = 7 (-2 ^ 15 - 1) / -2 - 1

 r = -2 Tn = (7) (-16, 384)
n = 15 Tn = - 114688 Sn = 7 (- 32,768 - 1) / -2 -1

Sn = - 229, 383 / - 3

Sn = 76461

2.0 Find the number of term (n)

2, 6, 18, …... 39,366 Example 1 ;

a=2 1/27 , 1/9, 1/3, ….. 2187. Find the number of te

r=3
n = ? (10) a = 1/27 @ 0.037
r = (1/9) / (1/27) ; 3
n=?

39, 366 = (2) (3) ^ n - 1

39,366 / 2 = 3 ^ n - 1
19, 683 = 3 ^ n - 1 2187 = (1/27) (3) ^ n -1
log 19, 683 = (n - 1) log 3 2187 / (1/27) = 3 ^ n -1
4.294 = (n - 1) 0.477 59049 = 3 ^ n -1
4.294 / 0.477 = n - 1 log 59049 = (n -1 ) log 3
9.002 = n - 1 4.771 = ( n - 1) 0.477
n = 10 Method 1 4. 771 = 0.477n - 0.477
4. 771 + 0.477 = 0.477n
5.248 = 0.477n
3.0 Find the 1st term (a) and common ratio (r) n = 11

Ex 1 ; 3rd term is 360 and 6th term is 1215

ar ^ (3 -1 ) = 360 --------> 1st equation

ar ^ (6 -1 ) = 1215 --------> 2nd equation example 1 ;

2nd equation / 1st equation 3rd term is 18 and 8th term is 4, 374. Find a an

ar ' 5 = 1215 a=2

ar ' 2 = 360 r=3

r ' 3 = 3.375

r = 1.5

substitute r = 1.5 into 1st equation

ar ' 2 = 360
a (1.5) ' 2 = 360
a = 160
h term -> 10, 077696 Sum of 10th -> 12, 093235

466176 - 1)

h term -> - 114 688 Sum of 15th -> 5462

^ 15 - 1) / -2 - 1
2,768 - 1) / -2 -1

7. Find the number of terms in the sequence. Ans ; n = 11

/27) (3) ^ n -1
27) = 3 ^ n -1

= (n -1 ) log 3
n - 1) 0.477
.477n - 0.477 Method 2 4.771 = (n -1) 0.477
.477 = 0.477n 4.771 / 0.477 = n -1
10.003 = n -1
n = 11

term is 4, 374. Find a and r

CHAPTER 7 : SIMPLE INTEREST

1.0 Simple interest

Example 1

RM1,000 is invested for 2 years in a bank, earning simple interest rate of 8% per annum. Find the simple interest ea

P = 1,000 S=I+P
r = 8% @ 0.08 = 160 + 1,000 OR
t = 2 years = RM1,160

I = prt

I = (1,000) * (0.08) * (2)

"= RM160 4 years + 9/12 years = 4 years + 0.75 years
t = 4.75 years
Tutorials

a) RM10,000 is invested for 4 years 9 months in a bank earning a simple interest rate of 10% per annum. Find the s
b) RM2, 000 is invested for 2 years 8 months in a bank earning a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Find the sim

a) I = prt ; I = (10,000) * (0.1) * (4.75) ; I = RM4,750

b) I = prt ; I = (2,000) * (0.05) * (2.67) ; I = RM267

Example 2

Mr Abu deposited RM6,000 in a bank and obtained RM120 simple interest after 3 months. Find the simple interest

P = RM6,000
I = RM 120
t = 3months -----> 3/12 = 0.25 years

I = prt
120 = (6000) * (r ) * (0.25)
120 = 1500 r
r = 120 / 1500
= 0.08 @ 8%

Tutorials 2

a) Bunny invests RM5,000 in an investment fund for 3 years. At the end of the investment period, his investment w
b) Ms Shanti deposited RM4,000 in a bank and obtained simple interest of RM300 after 3 years. Find simple interes

a) b)
P = RM5,000 p = RM4,000
r=? r=?
t = 3 years t = 3 years
I = RM6, 125 - RM5,000 = RM 1, 125 I = RM300

I = prt I = prt
1, 125 = (5,000) * (r ) * (3) 300 = (4,000) * (r ) * (3)
1, 125 = 15, 000 r 300 = 12, 000r
r = 1, 125 / 15, 000 r = 300 / 12, 000
r = 0.075 @ 7.5 % r = 0.025 @ 2.5%

2.0 SIMPLE AMOUNT

1st METHOD
S = P (1 + rt)
or else

2nd METHOD
I = prt + original principle

Example 1

RM10, 000 is invested for 4 years 9 months in a bank earning the simple interest rate of 10% per annum. Find the s

Tutorials

a) Su invests RM3,600 at 4.5% simple interest in a bank. Find the amount of money in the account after 9 months.
b) A businesswomen took a loan of RM5,000 with the simple interest rate of 7% for 3 years. Find the simple amoun

a) S = P (1 + rt) ; S = 3,600 (1 + (0.045) * (0.75) ] = 3,600 (1.03367) ; RM3, 721.50

b) S = P (1 + rt) ; S = 5, 000 (1 + (0.07) * (3) ] ; 5, 000 [ 1.21] ; RM 6, 050
m. Find the simple interest earned. / SIMPLE AMOUNT

S = P (1+rt)
= 1,000 [ 1 + (0.08) * (2) ]
= 1,000 ( 1.16)
= RM1,160

f 10% per annum. Find the simple interest earned. [ANS:RM4,750}

5% per annum. Find the simple interest earned. [ANS: RM267]

ths. Find the simple interest rate (r) offered.

ent period, his investment worth RM6, 125. Find simple interest rate. S = P (1+rt)
r 3 years. Find simple interest rate.

S = P (1+rt)
 6, 125 = 5,000 (1 + (r ) * 3)
6, 125 = 5000 (1 + 3r)
6, 125 = 5000 + 15000r
6125 - 5000 = 15000r
1125 = 15000r
so then ; 1125/15000
; r = 0.075

f 10% per annum. Find the simple amount. [ANS; RM14,750]

he account after 9 months. [ANS = RM3, 721.50]

ears. Find the simple amount at the end of the investment. [ANS = RM6,050]
TERMS
1.0 EXACT TIME = EXACT VALUE IN A MONTH (JAN = 31 DAYS)
2.0 APPROXIMATE TIME = ESTIMATION TIME IN A MONTH (JAN = 30 DAYS)
3.0 EXACT SIMPLE INTEREST = EXACT TIME IN A YEAR (JAN - DEC = 365/366 DAYS)
4.0 ORDINARY SIMPLE INTEREST = ESTIMATION TIME IN A YEAR (360 DAYS PER YEAR)

3.0 FOUR BASIC CONCEPT

Ex 7 Ex 8

Find a) Exact Time RM1,000 was invested on from 15

b) Approximate Time If the simple interest offered was 1

from 15th March until 29th August in the same year.

1) exact time and exact simple inte
Number of days 2) exact time and ordinary simple
Month Exact Time Approximate Time 3) approximate time and exact sim
March 31days - 15day =30days - 15days = 15days 4) approximate time and ordinary
April 30 30
May 31 30 I = prt
June 30 30 1)
July 31 30 p = RM1,000
August 29 29 r = 10% @ 0.1
Total days 167 164 t = 167 / 365 @ 366 ; 0.458

I = (1,000) (0.1) (0.458)

= RM45.80

3)
p = RM1,000
r = 10% @ 0.1
t = 164 / 365 @ 366 ; 0.449

I = (1,000) (0.1) (0.499)

=RM44.90

Tutorial

1) Calculate the exact time and approximate time of these duration

a) from 12th February 2009 to 26th August 2009 Ans : exact time (195 @ 196 days) & approximate ti
b) from19th November 2009 to 1st May 2010 Ans: exact time (163 days) & approximate time (162)

2) On 12th Feb, RM5,000 was saved at 8% per annum simple interest. Find the interest earned on 26th A
a) exact time & exact simple interest Ans; (RM213.60) @ (RM214.79)
b) exact time & ordinary simple interest Ans ; (RM216.40) @ (RM217.78)
c) approximate time & exact simple interest Ans ; RM212.40
d) approximate time & ordinary simple interest Ans ; RM215.20

4.0 Present Value

Ex 9

Find the present value at 8% simple interest of a debt RM3,000 due in 10 months.

Tutorial

s = debt , amount of money (RM3,000) What sum of money will become RM15,000 in 3 years a
r = interest rate 8% @ 0.08
t = time per annum / per year 10/12 = 0.833 Ans ;
RM12,096.77
P = 3,000 (1 + (0.08) (0.833) ^ -1

= (15000) / ( 1+ (0.08 ) (3) = RM12,096.77

Exercise 1
Rahman invest RM P in a bank. After thirty-six moths, his investment will be worth RM5439. If the simpl

P=?
r = 6.5% @ 0.065
t = 36 /12 = 3 years
S = RM5439
Exercise 2

Linda invest RM5700 at 5.4% simple interest in a bank. Find the amount in the account after 10 months.

P = 5,700
r = 0.054
t = 10/12 ; 0.833

S = p (1+ rt)
= 5700 [(1 + (0.054) (0.833) ]
= 5700 (1.044982)
"= RM5956.39

Exercise 3

On 27th July 2010, samsiah put RM2000 in a saving account that offered a simple interest rate of 2.5% p
Find the amount in her account on 1st November 2010 using the Banker’s Rule (360
Ans DAYS).
; RM2013.45

Exact time = 97 days

S = p (1+ rt)
= 2000 (1 + (0.025)(97/360)
= RM2013.45
 BANKER'S RULE = EXACT TIME & ORDINARY SIMPLE INTEREST - mostly used by banks in USA & in international bus

was invested on from 15th March until 29th August in the same year.
ple interest offered was 10% per annum, find the interest received at the end of investment by using :

me and exact simple interest

me and ordinary simple interest
imate time and exact simple interest
imate time and ordinary simple interest

2)
p = RM1,000
r = 10% @ 0.1
365 @ 366 ; 0.458 t = 167 / 360 ; 0.464

(0.1) (0.458) I = (1,000) (0.1) (0.464)

= RM46.40

4)
p = RM1,000
r = 10% @ 0.1
365 @ 366 ; 0.449 t = 164 / 360 ; 0.456

(0.1) (0.499) I = (1,000) (0.1) (0.456)

= RM45.60

6 days) & approximate time (194)

pproximate time (162)

nterest earned on 26th August using

me RM15,000 in 3 years at a simple interest rate of 8% per annum?

M12,096.77 = RM 12,096.77

rth RM5439. If the simple interest rate is 6.5% per annum, find the value of P.
ccount after 10 months. Ans; RM5956.397

e interest rate of 2.5% per annum.

Ans ; RM2013.45
in USA & in international buss transaction but NOT IN MALAYSIA.