FLUID MECHANICS 161

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4.6. I Isothermal flow in pipe

Pressure drop:

A,=,,( 1 -/= m

D2
Mass flow m = p , V , n -
4

where: p r =(g)
4.6.3 Velocity of sound in a gas

v,= Jyp/p=J r R T
V
4.6.2 Flow through orifice Mach number M =-
vs

Mass flow m=C,A

nJ-7-7
29 - pIpln2 1-n

where: n=p21p1; p 1 =pl/RTl

4.6.4 Drag cafflcients for various
bodies

The drag coefficient (non-dimensionaldrag) is equal to

Maximum flow when n = -
[A- '- =0.528 for air.
the drag force divided by the product of velocity
pressure and frontal area. The velocity may be that of
the object through the air (or any other gas) or the air
velocity past a stationary object. Coefficients are given
for a number of geometrical shapes and also for cars,
airships and struts.

Drag coeilkients for various bodies

VZ
Drag D = C,Ap -; p =fluid density; A =frontal area; V = fluid velocity.
2

Shape L
- Re
-
cd A Arrangement
d 104