In Depth

Ein = Fort Compressor : 1 - 2

W + mh , = mhz ~ volume flow

* W = m(hz hi) -

V = nV,
↳ remfe
ov

Condenser : 2 - 3 Expansion Valve : 3 -44

. 43 =
hy

QR + mhz = mkz
n QR = m(hz 43) -

COP

O-
-N
DCOP =

Evaporator : 4 -1 W

Efficiencies

~ volume flow

QA + mhn = mh ,
· Eva =
V ↑ dia
rength

(π/4) In cyunders
& of #

nQA = m(h ,
-
hu)
 Shortcut - Q = mCpXT

constants : S constants : T and P ↳ (ii T2)

-

compressor : 1 - 2 Condenser : 2 - 3

* W = m(hz hi) -
n QR = m(hz 43) -

↳ rem
ov
fe
V = RV,
↳
volume flow

② get ka ,
51 ,
V, from table

constants : h constants : T and P

Expansion Valve : 3 -44 Evaporator : 4 -"I

La
. 43
mixed vapor
=
hy
: use X to find
nQA = m(h ,
-
hu)
values
Process ~ 9
Column

COP 1. Get every value for P1 from table.

O
-N - n, -

k4 2. Get h2 using S2 and another given.

DCOP = L

W n2 -
hi 3. Solve.

Efficiencies

~ volume flow "Constant s (compressor)

actual ~
volumetric
V, Ideal
↑ dia
rength
Compression
Isentropic work compression Ideal
- EVA =
nec =

VD -
(5/4) LN4 -
# of
cyunders
actual work compression
indicated
actual

clearance actual
volumetric
mechanical WI -
0 Wideal (m)
Om I

C(P/p)
"K
n evc = 1 + c -

WB-brake
used
c(v/v2)
more
- = 1 + c -

↳ compressor Clearance

flash gas
mass
44 -
nf4
↓ X4 =

Crapor mass quality) Kf94

fraction of
Vapor
Vn = Vf4 + X 4Vfg4

1
↳ v can be s or h

>
-

mass basis =
X4V =
Vapor
. volume basis =
Vapor/V4
(axy(v)
 Pinaka-shortcut
pwedeng
Wald

1&2 W = m (k2- hi) compressor

223QR = M(hz 43) condenser
-

3 &4 QA = m(h1-hn) evaporator

Point 1 (SUCHON) Point 2

From table ,
use given T, or
P2 From chart using given Py not T!
and constant Si = S2
get hg
Ug So
·
,
1
·
get Ha

Point 3 Point 4

From table ,
use Tz
given or Pz n3 =
74

get
ke
·

Extra Formulas
·
QA =
QA
↳ Mrefrigerant (h2-h3) = mewater CPOT
 Conversions
and others. . .

QA(refrigeration) Notes
No
tons of refrigeration
& I Ton =
3 52 KW Q and Q both evaporator
(RE) ↑
.

=
211k/min ②
O-
un >-

refrigerating effect/capacity
=
200 BTU/min ↳ "removes (x) kW"
↳ "rate of heat removal"
↳ Q of liquid being cooled

constants ·
QR +
rejected heat (excess)
- [P +20 = 4 . 187kY/C
KG
-
↳ NOT heat loss

↑ Cpice = 2 .
094K//kg ° ·
Cop -o coefficient of performance
KW is work
↳ Kammonia =
1 304
.
·
KW/ton Ton is refrigeration (in
of

· Units are either Ykg or

YS
page 17

GIVER : R-12 From Table R-12 :

40 °
· -
5 C and 261 kPA
Pe : P3 =
961 kPa Tz : T3 =

/kg
*
n,
°
5 C 349 321
P1 ; Pu =
261 KPA T =
Th = -
= .

v =
0 . 06496M kg

From Chart : Si =
S2 = 1 55710
.
*
/kg K .

·
S2 = 1 55 and. P2 =
961 kPa

372kYkg
°
·
961 kPa and 40 C
ha =

n3 =
hn =
238 . 535k6/kg

a)Qx =
M(h ,
-
hn) b) W =
ha -H , c) QR =
h2 -

13
= 349 32).
-
238 535 .
=
372 -
349 321 .
= 372 -
238 535
.

= 110 . 860K//kg = 22 . 6790K/kg = 133 .

469kY/kg
I KW
↑
d) COP = QA/w =
110 7860 .

,22. 6790 e) QA =
m(h ,
-
hu)
=
4 8850
. m =
7/(349 321 .
-
238 . 535)
= 9 0264 . x1j3kg/s
f) W =
m(hz hi) -

=
9 0264 . x 103(372 -
349 321)
. QR =
m(hz h3)( -

, /g *

=
0 2047 KW .
= 9 0264
.
x183(372 -
238 . 535)
kg/m)xXg =
1 2047 KW
↑
.

9) V =
mV, = 9 0264
.
x P (0 06496).
= 5 8635
.
x 18 m3/s
Page 18

·
R-12 FROM TABLE :

QA = 350kW +
kb/s ·
°
O C and 308 6 kPa .
(I and 4)
T, and Th =
0 C
°
4, and P4 =
308 6 kPa
.
n, = 351 . 477kY/kg
05539m3
°

Tz and T3 = 35 C P2andP3 =
847 7 KPa
.
V =
0 . /kg
kf
si = S2 =
1 . 55452/kgK
FROM CHART :

K/kgK 7kPa(2 and 3)

°
·
308 6 kPa and
. 1 55
.
· 35 ) and 847 .

n2 =
368k/kg h3 = h4 =
233 .
498k/kg

kn -
h+
a) + 233 498-200
-
m =
hegn m =
.

·
°
0 C 308 61kPa 351 47 .
-
200
.

h +4 =
200K/kg =
0 .
2211k9/kg
hgy = 351 477k/kg .

b) QA = m(h ,
-
kn) c V = mV, /My g

m =
Qu/hi -

h4 (ky Ky*
C
,
=
2 . 9667(0 05539) .

=
350/(351 4x .
-
233 . 498)
=
0 . 1643M s
=
2 . 9667k9/s
2) Cop = Q /w o
/
4) W =
m(nz -

hi)((/(k/kg) S / =
350/49 0188 .

= 2 .
966(368 -
351 .
47) =
7 1401
.

=
49 0188 KW
.
Page 19

(f ) !
°
·
42 C

R-22 FROM TABLE : 43 =

kn =
252 .
352k/kg
QA = 60kW ; KYs · -

10 C
°
: 354 30 kPa . (9 ) !
(chart)
T, and Th = -10 C
°

h, =
401 . 555k/kg n2 =
440k/kg
T2 and T3 =
42 C
°
V =
0 .
06534mkG or
65 .
3399Ykg
s, = S2 = 1 .
76713K/kgk
look at
4) V ? 3 decimals

m(hz hi)_ *9/s( /kg)

*
V = MV , b) W = -

(
m(h hu) * )s(k9/() 4021(440 555)
X
m : QA = ,
- = 0 .
-

401 .

m =
60/401 555 252 357 .
-
.
=
15 4587 KW
.

kg/kg)
m3
=
0 .
4021k9/s / S

.
V = 0 . 4021(0 06534) .

=
0 .
0263m3/s

= (nu-htn)/n 26)
c) Xu

401 555
.
-
188 .
426)
= 0 2999 .

Vn =
Vf4 xn(Vgy Vf4) + -

= 0 75876 + 0 2999(65 3399

. . .
-

0 .
75876)
=
20 . 12664/kg
quality Sp . Volume

Assuming 1kg :
mass basis = X4V, = 0 . 2999(65 33994kg) .

Vapor volume
=
19 .
59544kg per kg of refrigerant
.

volume basis = X4VI/Vp-Total,Volumep

↳ 19 5954/20 1266
.

0 9736 .
=
.
or 97 36 %
.
Page 20

Ammonia

Q = 13 Tos (211K/min)
-
Tok
a)
3
974 03 KPA
QR
.

I
°
=
=
27 43K6/min 24 C

QA W
T2 T3
°
= = 24 C -
18 C -
°

H 1
208 26 KPA
T
°
T4 18 C
.

= = -

P1 values (9) : P2 values (9)

P =
208 26 kPa . P2 = 974 .
03 KPA

°
T
°
=
-

18 C T2 =
24 C

/kg
*
ki =
1439 . 94k/kg 52 =
5 8720 .

↓ =
572 . 8764kg + 0 572
. qmkg chart : ha =
1657k)/kg
/kgK
*
si =
52 = 5 8720
.

P3 values(f) b) Qa =
m(h kn) ,
-

P3 = 974 03 KPA . QA/m =

1127 07 .
K/kg
°
T3 =
24 C
/
k3 =
44 = 312 870kd/kg 6Qc =
m(h -
↓4) Kymin kg/*
~
. ,

Q/(hi
*
*
~ 9/min /KG m = -

hm)
d)W =
m(kz hi) -
=
2 .
4337K9/min
=
528 2589 .
/
/mxn(m
C
Y60s)
ni -M4 QA
↳ 8 .
8043 KW f) COP =
ha -

h n

=
5 . 1924k6/kg
M3
e) Vin /min
-

·
TOM

V =
MY -
kg
/min) /kg) Yon
m3
9) power per ton -
W/QC
=
0 1073 .
M3/min Ton ↳ 8 8043/13
. = 0 673. KW/ton
Page 22

m = 45 000 kg ammonia
° °
To =
29 C +
Tf =
18 C P : P4 = 616KPA
°
↓T =
11 C P2 ; P3 =
1737 KPQ

+ =
Shrs-300 mins - 18000s

Cp = 4 .
187k/kg C °

Point 1 (9) Point 2 (9) Point 3(f)

P =
616 KPa P2 = 1737 KPA P3 =
K 37 kPa

T =
°
10 C 52
chart
= 5 .
4924/kgK k3 = hu =
410 382.
/kg
k, =
1471 57 .
k/kg ha = 1620 k6/kg
V =
205 . 2214kg
Si =
S2 = 5 4924
. KyKgK

hi -

hu
9) COP =
ha-hi

=
7 1494
.

heat from ref

Condenser
.

Kg( /(gx)(k)
* cooling
b) m of water : heat to water

QH20 =
MC p &T ~ needs s
QR =
QH20 < °c 0°
x -
-

QA
=
2072665k6(/18000s) m(hz 43) - =
MwCpUT

k9/s)*/(g)(k9 x))(Ye)
%
-
↳ 115 1425 KW .

mw =
m(hz ↓3) -
-

CPUT ↳ k9/5

Heat at Evaporator : =
0 1085
. (1620 -

410 . 382)
/
Kyk9/
QH20 =
m(h ,
-

ku) / ) . 187(7)
4
Q H2
m =
/h .
-
hy =
4 4573k9/s
.

mass of
= 0 .
1089K9/S >
-

refrigerant

↓ (9/s(KY(g) (k/s(m)(4)
cW =
m(hz h) -
+ 16 1047 KW
.
d) V =
mU,
=
0 0223
.
Ms
Page 23

·
Ammonia ·
water to ice : Heat loss =
0 2 (QA)
.

T =
T4 = -

20C m =
5000kg ; + =
72000s

T2 =
T3 = 35C (ICE) (water) (fusion)
T2 =
- 12C T1 =
29[ Q =
335/kg
Cp =
2 .
094K6/kgC (p =
4 .
187K)/kg

Point 1 (9) (-20C) Point 2 (1362 2 kPa) .

Point 3(f)(35C)
n, =
1437 .
23/kg h2 = 1735/kg 43 = 366 . 072k/kg
m3

122/k9k/kg
W = 622 .

Si =
S2 = 5 9025
. K

a) he in 9/s to be absorbed
ro
Theoretical heat per 1kg
water
-

Ice

Rice
&
,
water, fusion
=
MCpOT +
MCpOT + Of ((K/kgc)
/ C /kg
= (2 094)(0
.
-

( 12) +
(4 18) (29 0)
.
-
+ (335)
= 481 . 55/k6/kg
Heat loss b) QR =
m(hz 43) -

/g -
*
9/
Actual Heat
absorbed
=

[0 .
2 (481 .
551)] + 481 551 .
=
0 .
0364(k35 366 072) -

kd
=
577 8612 .
/ (5000k) =
40 1293 KW
.
=
49 8290 KW
.

72000s

QA =
m(h ,
-
44) cW =
m(hz h) -

m = 40 1293
. - /b/s(k9/(X) =
0 . 0364/1735 -
1437 .
23)
1437 23 .
-

336 072.
= 10 . 8388 KW

=
0 . 0364k9/s
Page 24

* Ammonia

Point 1(9) Point 2 (9) Point 3(f)

P = 247 kPa P2 =
1200 KPa P3 = 1200 kPa

hi = 1445 .
20K/kg 52 =
5 .
825/kgk ↳ k-m
>
-
1203 -1200 .
= 0 1054
.

1203 7 - 1168 6
769Ykg h2 1675k/kg k 1
-

V 487
. .

= =
.

5, = 5 .
8125k/kgK 0 1054
.
=
346 614
.
-
hz

346 614
.
-
341 764 .

QA =
28 kW 0 510663-346 614
. .
= - hz

ec = 08 .
: C = 0 05.
n3 =
4
=
346 . 1033/kg
em =
0 75 .

eva =
0 74 .

a) evc =
1 + c -

c(P2/p ) " ,

0 05 (120u)
304
1 05
.

= .
-

=
0 8820 .
or 88 20 %
.

6) Ideal Cop =
QA/Wideal Actual COP =
QA/Wactual

(
= hi -
14
/na -
hi FOR Wactual

=
4 7828
.
ec =
Widea/Wactual
Wactual =
(n2 -hi)/0 8 .

=
287 25 .
KykG
Actual COP =
(hi
-hu/287 25 .

=
3 8263 .

O- =
m(k ,
-
kn 3 *
/k9/y)
28
-

m = = 0 .
0255K9/s
1445 20 .
-
346 1033.

d)em =
WF/WB
(Wideal> m
Wis =
/0 75 .
= 7 8132
.
kW
Page 26

· Ammonia

Point 1 : Point 2 : Point 3 :

P 247 I kPQ Pe =
1169 KPa P3 1169 KPa
C 52
= .
=

hi

V
=

=
1445

487 769 .
mikg
.
20K)/kg
4 42
=

=
5 8125
.

1677k/kg
44 = 341 . 769kYkg

8129 /kgK
*
Si = 5 .

QA =
1688 K/min

a) m3/n ? If T2 = GC

WATER : FOR Mwater at Condenser :

QA =
m(h ,
-

k4) QR =
QA
Mref = QA/(hi 44) - -o
/
/min(kg/ ))
KS
mref(k2 Ks) - =
Mwater CPUT
= 1 . 5300k9/min + 91 .
8 k9/hr mwater
=
91 .
8/1677 -
341 . 769)
↳ 0255K9/s
0 4 187(6)
Co
.
.

For water in
m3
/Kri k9/nr(*/kg)(k94
/
k6( C
/

water =
Mw / -okg/(m)/\
kg) hr
=
4879 .
1574/9/hr
4879
= .

157/1000
q

=
4 .
,nr
8792m
c) C =
0 05.

b) W =
/s( Y)
m(kz h)( + /H
kg
-
*
evc =
1 + c -

c(P2/p)" .

=
0 0255 . (16K -

1445 .
20) =
1 05.
-
0 .
05/1169/2u7 1) "1 304 .
.

5 9104 KW 0 8853 88 53 %
= = +
. . .
 d L
Page 27 bore stroke

·
R -
22 POIRT 1 : POINT 2

n = G T =
5 P2 =
1352 kPa

d =
6 70 cm
.
hi =
407 .
143k/kg %
S2 =
1 74463
.
k6/kgK
L kd
/
L = 5 70CM
. V = 40 3556 .
kg H2 =
427 /kg
kf
N =
%
30 si = 1 .
74463/kgK Vz =
0 .
020m3
/kg
↳ 204/kg
Q 96 4K
=
.

W = 19 4 KW . POINT 3 :

T3 = 35C

k3 =
hu =
2 43 114 .

a) C = 0 05. b) eva =
"/vd For M :

evc =
1+ c -
c(v2/vi) = 4rV , Q= m(h ,
-

k4)f()
=
1 05
.
-
0 05 .
(40 3556/20)
.

TALNR m
Q
=
(n k4) ,
-

=
94 911I/ .
=
4(0 587) (0 0404)
. .
=
0 .
5877k9/s
π(0 067)(0 057) 30(6)
. .

cec =
/1
-(kg))ks)
W/Wa kg My /Y/ S
S
↳*9/s(my
/ +xg) x Yy /
*

=
m(kz hi) - =
0 6564
.
ar 65 64 %
.

19 4 .

= 0 .
5877(427 -

407 . 143) =
60 15 %
.

19 4
.

suko nako guys GL