9/1/21 Lecture.

Cells
characteristics of living cells

usage in body processes such as digestion, locomotion or movement, breathing

or respiration, excretion, growth, sensitivity and reproduction.

4 biological molecules

proteins

present in order to produce energy in the body

all body parts are made with the contribution of proteins

help synthesize and create body parts

synthesize molecules

"hormones are present in the body because of proteins"

has enzymes which act as catalysts - speed up chemical function

building blocks are amino acids

lipids

fundamentally made up of fatty acids

considered to be non polar (insoluble to water)

providing body w long term energy

used in making vitamins

used in cell membrane component

carbs

building blocks is sugar and glucose

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 main components are saccharides

diffe classification

main source of energy

involved in structural function of the body

saccharaides
mono - 1 sugar unit
di - 2 sugar units
trisaccharides - 3 to 10
complex carbs - 10 or more sugars such as starch

nucleic acids

made w nucleotides (building block)

2 kinds

DNA

has genetic information that can be transferred from gen to gen

RNA

used in synthesis of proteins

transformed genetic material

Homogenization
make 2 mixtures that are usually non soluble the same throughout

Centrifugation
separation of solids and liquids through centrifugal force

done on a centrifuge

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 done based on mass or density of the solid or liquid

differential centrifugation steps

rate 2 - speed of spinning of the centrifuge

after decantation, label residue as sediment 1

supernatant - denoting the liquid lying above a solid residue after centrifugation

3rd centri - separating solids from liquids

sediment 1, sediment 2, sediment 3, supernatant 3 (for comparison)

tests used in determining biological presence

NOTE: RESULTS OF THE EXPE ARE TO BE BASED ON THE VID; IF

POSITIVE, WHAT TO PUT IN DATA SHEET IS PLUS, IF OTHERWISE, MINUS
e.g. Supernatant 3 = +

dische test

used to determine if solution contains nuckeir acid

(sorry if way screenshot diri)

molisch test

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 detect presence of carbs

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 biuret test

determining the presence of protein

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 sudan test

determining the presence of lipids or oils

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