Prepared By:

Reynabell Mae D. Umali

❖Everything that make up the universe.
❖Anything that has mass and occupies space.
❖Composed of atoms and molecules.
• Atoms – the smallest unit of an element
• Molecules – smallest unit of a substance
❖Classified into elements and compounds.
• Elements – substances that are made up of only one type of atom
• Compounds – substances that are made up of more than one type
of atom
❖Has a definite shape and
volume
❖Particles of matter are
tightly packed
❖Cannot be compressed
appreciably by a moderately
high pressure
❖Very slight expansion during
heating
❖High density
❖No definite shape; takes the
shape of its container
❖Has a definite volume
❖The particles are not rigidly held
in place and are less closely
packed than the particles in a
solid
❖Can be compressed (but only to
a negligible extent) by a
moderately high pressure
❖Slight expansion during heating
❖Medium density
❖No definite shape; takes
the shape of its container
❖Has no definite volume
❖Can be compressed or
expanded as pressure is
increased or decreased
❖Great expansion during
heating
❖Low density
❖Fourth state of matter
❖It has neither a definite volume
nor a definite shape
❖Often seen in ionized gases
❖Made up of gaseous mixture of
electrons and positive ions
❖It occurs only in lightning
discharges and in artificial
devices
❖Fifth state of matter
❖A dilute gas of bosons cooled
to temperatures very close to
absolute zero
❖Formed by cooling a gas of
extremely low density, about
one-hundred-thousandth the
density of normal air, to
ultra-low temperatures.
❖Bosons are called social since
they can cluster together
❖Sixth state of matter
❖ They consist of normal
fermions which are almost
identical to bosons
❖Fermions are called non-
social since they cannot stick
together
❖Characteristics that can be observed or measured without
changing the substance into another substance
❖Physical properties include: melting point, boiling point, odor,
color, taste, solubility, density, hardness, softness, volatility,
ductility, malleability, viscosity, physical state, heat
conductivity, and electrical conductivity
❖Also describe pure substances
❖Characteristic that can be observed when the substance
undergoes a change in its composition
❖Evident when a substance reacts with another substance
❖Chemical properties include: reactivity and flammability
• Reactivity – the ability of matter to react chemically with other
substances
• Flammability – the ability of matter to burn