FEMALE
denoting the sex that can bear
offspring or produce eggs
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
prepares the uterus for pregnancy in
which healthy women’s menstrual
cycles continues from puberty to
menopause, interrupted only by
pregnancy and lactation.
FIRST PHASE (Proliferative)
from day 6 to day 13 of a 28-day
cycle.
SECOND PHASE (Secretory)
extends from the 14th day to the 25th
day of the menstrual cycle.
. and also called as ovum
THIRD PHASE (Ischemic)
the corpus luteum shrivels
approximately 3 days before
menstruation as its lifespan is only
up to 7 days from ovulation.
FOURTH PHASE ()
.
MALE
denoting the sex that produces small,
typically motile gametes
PUBERTY
the time during which physical growth and sexual maturation
occurs
CYCLICITY SPERMATOGENESIS
the quality or state of production or development
something that occurs or of mature spermatozoa
moves in cycles.
OVULATION
the ovum is set free from the
surface of the ovary
INSEMINATION / COPULATION
deposition of the sperm cell in the female genital tract that
occurs during sexual intercourse, or by artificial insemination
EGG CELL SPERM CELL
female sex cell or gamete male sex cell or gamete and
also called as spermatozoa.
FERTILIZATION
the sperm cell has entered the ovum and the
nucleus of the two sex cells has fused, fertilization
is achieved
 MEIOSIS
reduces the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell ECTODERM
by half and produces four first germ layer to develop that gives
HYPOTHALAMIC CYCLE gamete cells rise to the skin, hair, nails, sense
illustrates the hormonal interplay
CELL DIVISION organs, nervous system, mucous
between the hypothalamus and process by which a parent cell divides into 2 or membrane of the mouth and anus.
MITOSIS
pituitary glands more daughter cells
part of cell cycle in which
replicated chromosomes are ENDODERM
BLASTOCYST separated into two new nuclei gives rise to the bladder, lining of the
OVARIAN CYCLE gastrointestinal tract, tonsils, thyroid
the formation of corpus luteum and outer layer of rapidly developing cells called
gland, and respiratory system
the secretion of the ovarian hormone trophoblasts or trophoderm
progesterone and estrogen. PLACENTA
TROPHOBLAST provides oxygen and
nutrients to your growing
MESODERM
OVARIAN FOLLICLES a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian last germ layer to develop that gives
blastula, supplying the embryo with nourishment baby and removes waste
Within the cortex of the ovary, the rise to the kidney, musculoskeletal
and later forming the major part of the placenta products from your baby's system, reproductive system, and
follicles at different phases of
blood cardiovascular system
development are found
IMPLANTATION
FETAL MEMBRANE
the blastocyst remains free floating in the uterine
surrounds the fetus during
cavity for 3 to 4 days. It implants in the CHORIONIC
pregnancy and is a thin
endometrium approximately 6 to 7 days after
tissue composed of two provide support to the
fertilization.
layers, the chorion and the amniotic membrane
amnion
CHORIONIC VILLI
tiny projections around the zygote at as early as 12 AMNIOTIC
days after fertilization. it completely surrounds the
embryo and delimits the
amniotic cavity, which is
DECIDUA filled by amniotic liquid.
specialized endometrium of pregnancy
 HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
secreted directly into the maternal blood, but is not
absorbed by the placenta so that virtually none of it
reaches the fetal circulation
ESTROGEN
they are synthesized in ever increasing amounts by
syncytiotrophoblast
PLACENTAL CIRCULATION PROGESTERONE
By the third week, oxygen and other nutrients such synthesized directly by the syncytiotrophoblast
as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, from the maternal cholesterol and acetates without
vitamins, and water travels from the maternal need of precursor
blood through the cell layers of the chorionic villi
into the villi capillaries. From there, nutrients are
HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN
transported for the developing embryo.
polypeptide hormone produced by the
syncytiotrophoblast
ORGANOGENESIS
series of organized integrated processes that
transforms an amorphous mass of cells into a PITUITARY GLAND
complete organ into a developing embryo the pituitary is important in controlling
growth and development and the
FETAL DEVELOPMENT functioning of the other endocrine
The progressive growth that occurs between glands
fertilization of an egg to the birth of a baby

INDICATION OF PREGNANCY PROSTAGLANDINS OXYTOCIN

group of physiologically active lipid a hormone released by the pituitary
compounds gland that causes increased contraction
PRESUMPTIVE PROBABLE POSITIVE of the uterus during labor and stimulates
FINDING FINDING FINDING the ejection of milk into the ducts of the
These signs and These signs and those signs that breasts
symptoms are not symptoms are not are definitely
proof of pregnancy proof of pregnancy confirmed as a CONTRACTION
but they will make but they will make pregnancy
the process of becoming smaller
the physician and the physician and
woman suspicious woman suspicious
of pregnancy of pregnancy
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
the release of oxytocin from the
posterior pituitary gland during labor.
 LABOR
is a series of continuous, progressive contractions of the
uterus that help the cervix dilate (open) and efface (thin)

STAGES OF LABOR

FIRST STAGE: CERVICAL STAGE

the period from the onset of true labor contractions until full
cervical dilation and effacement id achieved

LATENT PHASE
this is when your cervix becomes soft and thin as it gets
ready to open up (dilate) for your baby to be born

CERVICAL EFFACEMENT
refers to the shortening of the cervical canal from a length at
about 1 to 2 cm until it is paper thin

ACTIVE PHASE
as defined when contractions were regular, with cervix
effaced and dilated 4 cm

TRANSITIONAL PHASE
At this point, a woman progresses from seven to 10
centimeters, often in less than an hour.

SECOND STAGE: EXPULSIVE STAGE

this occurs from full cervical dilatation until the birth of the
baby
 FULL CERVICAL DILATION
when your cervix measures 10 cm — occurs at the end of the
transitional phase, the last of the three phases of labor.

BIRTH OF THE BABY

the process of delivering a baby and the placenta,
membranes, and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina
to the outside world

THIRD STAGE: PLACENTAL STAGE

the process of delivering a baby and the placenta,
membranes, and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina
to the outside world

EXPULSION OF THE PLACENTA

occurs when the placenta comes out of the birth canal
after childbirth. 

FOURTH STAGE: IIMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

the period from the delivery of the placenta until the
condition of the woman has stabilized.