GAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

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HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE
SCIENCE 7 SYSTEM & PUBERTY

FERTILIZATION
in
HUMAN
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Living Things &Environment
SCIENCE 7 Reproduction: Biological Mechanism of Heredity

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the process of fertilization
in human.

Reproduction
Types of Reproduction
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SCIENCE 7
FERTILIZATION
In Human
In HUMAN, the union of
EGG CELL and a SPERM
Fertilization can be defined
CELL is a process called
as the union of two
haploid gametes, the
FERTILIZATION.
spermatozoa and the
oocyte, hereto referred to
as egg, to restore the
diploid state, form a zygote
through the process of egg
activation, and commence
a series of mitotic divisions
that results in cell
differentiation and embryo
development.

F E RT I L I Z AT I O N
GAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY
“Touching Lives, Changing World” FERTILIZATION
SCIENCE 7
PROCESS
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SCIENCE 10
FERTILIZATION
Process

2nd QTR
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HUMAN
Reproduction
MORULA
OVUM Single-celled zygote
Female mature egg transforms into a solid mass
of 16 to 32 cells called
FALLOPIAN TUBE morula.
One of the pair of narrow
tubes that connect the BLASTULA
ovaries to the uterus. A 100 cells morula.

CLEAVAGE BLASTOMERE
Rapid, multiple mitotic Each cell in the blastula.
division of fertilized
egg/zygote as it travels BLASTOCYST
down the fallopian tube. Mitotic divisions transform
the blastula to blastocyst.
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GASTRULATION
Germ layer
GASTRULATION
The cells in the blastocyst rearrange themselves into 2main layers in the process. The
interaction of the two layers produces the 3rd germ layer.

3 GERM LAYER:
ENDODERM (inner MESODERM ECTODERM (outer
layer) (middle layer) layer)
Forms the linings of Gives rises to Gives rises to the
the digestive tract, bones, muscles, skin, tooth enamel,
lungs, liver, and blood vessels, hair, sensory organs
pancreas. kidneys, heart, and and parts of the
gonads. nervous system.
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OVULATION
Ovulation is the release of an egg from your ovary,
into the fallopian tube. It typically happens about 13–
15 days before the start of each period.

Ovulation usually happens between days 11 and 21 of

female cycle. A hormone called luteinizing hormone
(LH) surges, triggering the release of the egg that's
most ripe. At the same time, the cervical mucus
becomes more slippery to help sperm make their way
to the egg.

Once the sperm enters the reproductive system, it can

take about 30-45 minutes to reach the egg. For this, it
is important to have a healthy sperm which has the
right kind of motility to reach the egg and fertilize it.
Once inside the body of a woman, a healthy sperm
can live up to 2-5 days.
 GAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY
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SCIENCE 7
of Fertilization
Is there any symptoms when
sperm meets egg?

Pregnancy begins when a sperm

fertilizes an egg. This usually occurs in
the 2 weeks following the first day of
the most recent menstrual period.
The stages of fertilization can be
divided into four processes:
In the first few weeks of pregnancy, a
1) sperm preparation,
woman may have no symptoms.
2) sperm-egg recognition and binding,
Some can sense that they are
3) sperm-egg fusion and
pregnant, but most do not suspect it
4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei
until they miss the next period.
and activation of the zygote.
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SCIENCE 7
Gametes are formed through a
process of cell division called
meiosis. Haploid cells contain only
one set of Chromosomes. When the
haploid male and female gametes
unite in a process called fertilization,
they form what is called a zygote.
Haploid & Diploid
“Haploid” refers to any
cell that has 23
chromosomes (half of
the total 46). "Gametes"
are specifically sex
cells that have 23
chromosomes.
"Diploid" refers to any
In humans, gametes are haploid cells
cell that has all 46 that contain 23 chromosomes, each of
chromosomes. "Zygote" which a one of a chromosome pair that
is the result of two exists in diplod cells.
gamete (haploid) cells Haploid gametes are produced during
fusing, and becoming a meiosis, which is a type of cell division
diploid cell. that reduces the number of
chromosomes in a parent diploid cell by
half.
 GAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY IMPLANTATION
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SCIENCE 7 Stages
One week after fertilization, the blastocyst attaches itself in the endometrium or
inner ling of the uterus in the process call implantation.

Pregnancy officially starts when a fertilized

egg implants in the lining of the uterus.
Fetus In humans, an unborn baby that
develops and grows inside the uterus
(womb). The fetal period begins 8 weeks after
fertilization of an egg by a sperm and ends at
the time of birth.
Placenta a large organ that is attached to the
wall of the uterus that provides nutrients to he
development of the fetus and removes waste
products between the mother and the fetus.
Umbilical cord the developing fetus gets its
nourishment from the placenta via umbilical
cord.
GAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY Human Development
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SCIENCE 7 Stages
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HUMAN BIRTH
Stages
Birth or parturition
The process of expelling the fetus from the uterus.
Amniotic sac.
A thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus
during pregnancy. The sac is filled with
liquid made by the fetus (amniotic fluid) and
the membrane that covers the fetal side of
the placenta (amnion). This protects the fetus
from injury. it also helps to regulate the
temperature of the fetus.

Afterbirth The placenta is also expelled from the uterus

in a process called afterbirth.