1) Applied Research vs.

Basic Research

Both applied and basic research is important to the scientific process. It is a mistake to
pit them against each other. The basic-versus-applied difference only in terms of
whether a study has practical applications, because this difference often simply boils
down to a matter of time.  Applied findings are of use immediately.  However, there is
nothing as practical as a general and accurate theory.

Basic vs. Applied Research

Basic research is conducted for the purpose of advancing theory and scientific
knowledge. It is driven by curiosity. It is driven by a desire to extend knowledge and
requires learning knowledge for the sake of knowledge. It is intended to address
questions about why, what or how, and to improve awareness of fundamental
principles. Basic research does not have immediate commercial aims and it does not
actually lead to an innovation or a solution to a practical problem, although it
definitely may. Basic research does not have immediate commercial aims and it does
not actually lead to innovation or a solution to a practical problem, although it
definitely may.
Applied research is conducted to solve practical problems. The object of applied
research is to address specific questions aimed at solving practical issues. In the form
of products, techniques or facilities, new information gained from applied research
has clear commercial objectives.

Hallmark of Scientific Research

Purposiveness: The research is initiated by a manager with a definite goal or intent.
The emphasis is on increasing the dedication of workers to the business, as this will
be advantageous in several ways. An improvement in employee engagement will
result in lower turnover, absenteeism, and potentially higher levels of efficiency, both
of which will likely benefit the company. Thus, the job has a purposeful emphasis.
Testability: Scientific Research allows itself to test logically formed hypotheses to see
whether or not the evidence supports the informed conjectures or hypotheses that are
developed after careful study of the situation of the issue. For example, the
investigator will hypothesize that there would be a higher degree of involvement for
those workers who perceive greater opportunities for participation in decision-
making. This is a theory that can be verified when the data is gathered. A correlation
analysis will say whether or not the theory is substantiated.
Precision: Precision represents, on the basis of the sample, the degree of precision or
consistency of the results of what currently occurs in the universe. For instance, if,
relative to the actual figure of 35, I estimated the number of production days lost
during the year due to absenteeism at between 30 and 40, the accuracy of my
estimation compares more favorably than I stated that the loss of production days is
somewhere between 20 and 50. In statistics, you can remember the word confidence
interval, which is what is referred to here as precision.
Confidence: Confidence refers to the possibility that our predictions are correct. That
is, to be specific, it is not only enough, but it is also critical that we can confidently
say that 95 percent of the tin & our findings will be accurate and that we are only 5
percent likely to be incorrect. This is regarded as the level of trust as well.
Objectivity: The conclusions drawn from the interpretation of the results of the study
of the data should be factual, that is, based on the facts of the findings obtained from
the actual data, and not on our own subjective or emotional values. For example, if we
had a hypothesis that greater involvement in decision-making would improve
organizational engagement, and this was not confirmed by the findings, it would make
little sense if the researcher proceeded to suggest that it would also help to increase
employee participation opportunities.

Explanation:

Basic research, also referred to as pure research or basic research, is a form of

scientific research intended to refine scientific theories in order to better understand
and predict natural or other phenomena. Applied research is a technique that is used to
solve a particular, realistic problem affecting a person or community. In industry,
medicine, and education, this quantitative method of study and analysis is used to find
solutions that can improve health, solve scientific problems, or create new
technologies.

Hallmarks of Scientific research refer to the degree to which the research findings in
one organization are relevant to other environments. For example, if the findings of a
researcher that involvement in decision-making increases organizational engagement
are found to be valid in a number of manufacturing, industrial and service
organizations, and not only in the specific organization examined by the researcher,
then the findings are generalizable to other organizational settings.