Assignment #3

Advanced Engineering Mathematics II

Fall 1400

1. In our physical sessions on reservoir flood routing, we managed to obtain the analytical solution for
a special case of constant inflow and reservoir with vertical wall. The general governing equation
for pen-stock as a single outlet is:

dH
q
AR (H) + cd A p 2g[H(t) − Hp ] = I(t)
dt
Prove the following tasks:

(a) The analytical solution is given by the following relation for the case when AR = cte and
I(t) = I0 ,:

2AR I − Q2
∆t = √ 2 [Q1 − Q2 − I0 ln( 0 )]
(cd Ap 2g) I0 − Q1
(b) Start with the above equation and derive the analytical solution for the case when I(t) = I0 = 0
as:

∆V
∆t =
Qave
(c) If you are given the analytical solution, based on what you learned in this course, can you
check to see if you can obtain the governing equation given the analytical solution.

2. Find a change of dependent variable that reduces the constant-coefficient equation a ∂φ

∂x
+ ∂φ
∂t
= cφ
to the advection equation:

∂ψ ∂ψ
a + =0
∂x ∂t
3. Use the method of characteristics to solve the following initial-value problems. State the region on
which the solution is valid.

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 (a) φφx − tφt = x, where φ(x, t) = 0 on Γ : x = 2s, t = s;
(b) φx − tφt = 1 + φ, φ(0, t) = t;
(c) xφx + tφt = 1, φ(x, t) = x2 + t on Γ : x = 1 − s, t = s, 0 < s < 1;
(d) x2 φx + t2 φt = φ2 , φ(x, 4x) = 1;

4. If φ(x, t) satisfies (2t + 1)φx + φt = φ, show that ψ(x, t) = e−t φ(x, t) satisfies (2t + 1)ψx + ψt = 0.
Then, find the solution to the original equation subject to φ(x, 0) = x.

5. Show that the initial-value problem φx + φt = 1, φ(x, x) = x2 does not have a solution.

6. Show that the initial-value problem tφx + xφt = cφ, c = cte, φ(x, x) = f (x) can have a
c
solution only if f (x) has the form f (x) = bx , b = cte. If f (x) has the required form, show that
φ(x, t) = g(x2 − t2 )[ 12 (x + t)]c is a solution for any function g satisfying g(0) = b.

7. Find the solution of the Cauchy problem:

∂φ ∂φ x
2xy + (x2 + y 2 ) = 0 with φ(x, y) = exp( ) on x + y = 1
∂x ∂y x−y
8. Obtain the family of curves which represents the general solution of the partial differential equation:

∂φ ∂φ
(2x − 4y + 3φ) + (x − 2y − 3φ) = −3(x − 2y)
∂x ∂y
Determine the particular member of the family which contains the line φ = x and y = 0.

9. Reduce each of the following equations into canonical form and find the general solution:

(a) φx + 2xyφy = x;
(b) φx − yφy − φ = 1;

10. Consider the following equation:

xφx + (1 + y)φy = x(1 + y) + xφ

(a) Find the general solution;

(b) Assume an initial condition of the form φ(x, 6x − 1) = f (x). Find a necessary and sufficient
condition for f (x) that guarantees the existence of a solution to the problem. Solve the problem
for the appropriate f (x) that you found;
(c) Assume an initial condition of the form φ(−1, y) = g(y). Find a necessary and sufficient
condition for g(y) that guarantees the existence of a solution to the problem. Solve the problem
for the appropriate g(y) that you found;

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 (d) Convert the governing equation to a canonical form and explore if you can find the general
solution;

11. Singh (2001) provided a full account of kinematic wave in water resources. He also wrote two
books on the same topic (Singh; 1996, 1997). You need to have a glance at either of his publications
and enumerate five applications in different disciplines for kinematic wave modeling, two of them
in your own dicipline.

12. Mizumura (2004) used knolwedge gained in this course to find analytical solution for nonlinear
kinematic wave model. You need to read his paper in some detail and try to reproduce paper’s
findings in your own words. In addition, propose a few avenues to extend his work.

References
Mizumura, K. (2004). Analytical solutions of nonlinear kinematic wave model, J. Hydrol. Eng.-ASCE
11(6): 539–546.

Singh, V. P. (1996). Kinematic wave modeling in water resources: Surface water hydrology, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc., New York. 1399 pp.

Singh, V. P. (1997). Kinematic wave modeling in water resources: Environmental hydrology, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc., New York. 830 pp.

Singh, V. P. (2001). Kinematic wave modeling in water resources: A historical perspective, Hydrol.
Process. 15(4): 671–706.

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Thought For The Day

Understanding thinking styles

helps people work ef- fectively in meetings
and teams. You can communicate and cooperate
more effectively with your co-workers when you
learn to work with their different thinking styles.
If you think of your support center as a ma-
chine that produces customer service, then
your understanding of thinking styles
is one of the lubricants that helps
that machine run smoothly
and productively.
♥

Eric and Virginia Svendsen, Building Bridges

Using Thinking Styles to Facilitate Communication, HDI 1995, P.2

Due date: Sunday 30th Aban, 1400 at 12:00am