2019

PEJVAK RAYAN COMPANY

12/5/2019
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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

ASNT NDT Level III

PT, MT, ET, UT

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Audible 16 Hz 20 KHz

Sub Sonic

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

(T) ( )
Ampiltude

Hz f

1000 Hz = 1 KHz

1,000,000 Hz = 1 MHz

F=1/T
T= F=

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

= F= V=

Sensivity

/2

Kg/m2s × 106 m/s m/s

1.48 1480
17 3130 6300
37.3 2120 4430
3.2 1430 2730
99.7 2870 5180
30.13 2250 4650
62.6 1200 3240
45.4 3090 5740 347
45.6 3240 5890 1020
2.4 1920
41.6 2260 4660
37.7 1590 3600
50 2960 5630
0.0041 330

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

VL = E/
E= = VL =

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VT = G/
G= = VT =

90%

Symetrical , Asymetrical

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(NDT)

0.5 25 MHz

(Amplitude) (Sound Path)

T = Vt/2
V= t= T=

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(dB)

dB= 20Log10 A1/A2

dB = Desibels A1 = A2 =

40% 80%

dB= 20Log10 A1/A2 dB= 20Log10 80/40 dB= 6

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Kg/m2s

Z= V

Z= = V=

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2
Z1 Z 2
R= Z1 Z 2
100 % reflected

T=1-R
Z1= Z2 = T=

ZAir = 0.0041

ZSteel = 46.7

(0.0041 + 46.7) 2/ (0.0041 46.7)2 = 99.96%

99.96

Refraction (Mode Convertion)

(Mode Convertion)

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Refraction

VL1 /Sin I = VL2/ Sin L = VT2/Sin T

90° I
(First Critical Angle)

90°
T

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

90° I

(Second Critical Angle)

90°

80° 35°

Incident

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(Scatter)

(Diffraction)

(Absorbtion)

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Near Field, Far Field

Near Field Far Field

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NF = D2/4 NF = D2F/4V
NF= D= F= =

Immersion Delay Line

Delay Line Near Field

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Beam Spread

NF

/2

Sin /2 = 1.22 /D

= D= F= =

(Pulsed Wave) (Continuous Wave)

Backing

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Backing

Matching Coil
Baking Material

Backing

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Pulse Length = n × (V/F) = n

n= V= F= =

10% -20 dB

Resolution

Penetration

Resolution

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Fundamental

T= V/2F
T= F= V=

Fundamental

MHz

Broadband

Broadband

Data Sheet

-20 dB

(MHz) -6dB

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Backwall

0.9 1 MHz

(T/R)

Stright Beam Probe

Angle Beam Probe

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Depth (Leg 2, 4, 6) = nT Sound Path × Cos R Depth (Leg 3, 5, 7) = (n-1)T Sound Path ×

n = Leg

T/R

Roof Angle

(Near Surface Resolution)

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CRT

Transmitter
Reciver

Transmitter

DC

Synchonizer Clock

Clock

PRF

Pulse Repetition Frequency

(Damping)

50, 200, 400, 500 Ohm

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Clock

FPGA Micro Prossesor

Reciver

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

1 0.001

dB Gain

dB

A/D

Damping A/D

A/D

DMA A/D

Damping A/D

D/A

Prossesor
Unit

Software

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

DAC, TCG

B-Scan, C-Scan

Full HD Full Color

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CNG ERW

NDT

Pulse Echo

Through Transmission

Pitch & Catch

Pulse Echo

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Through Transmission

Through Transmission

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Pitch & Catch

Double V

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S = 2( T
S= T= d= =

Contact

Immersion

Water Gap

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Contact

Immersion

¼ Thickness + ¼"

Full Immersion

12mm
20mm
35mm

A = Initial Pulse Echo (IP)

B = Interface Signal Echo (IF)
C= Defect Signal Echo
D= Backwall Echo

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Water Jet or Squirter

Wheel

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Bubbler

A-Scan, B-Scan, C-Scan

A-Scan A-Scan
Sound Path

Amplitude

B-Scan B-Scan
Side View

Plan View C-Scan :C-Scan

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

C-Scan B-Scan A-Scan

A-Scan, B-Scan, C,Scan

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

V1, V2

Range, Display Delay IIW V1 25mm

25, 50, 75, 100 Back Wall

V2

25mm 25 , 50

100 25

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

IIW

100 mm 45, 60, 70

100 , 200 mm

Probe Delay

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

ASME, API, ASTM, AWS

ASME - SEC 5

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

(Side Drilled Holes)

( Through Hole )

N5 N10, N12.5

( Flat Bottom Hole )

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DAC (Distance Amplitude Correctin)

Gain

Gain

80% FSH

Gain

DAC

-6, -14 dB
Reference Level 100% DAC 100%, 50%, 20%

Side Drilled Holes

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

FLAW HUNTER 1CH 101

DAC TCG

Gain

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Olympus

10%

Overlap

Interpretation

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Theory of Ultrasonic Test

Sprious or False

Non Relevant

Relevant

(Written Procedure)

Relevant

Evaluation

DAC/TCG

Reject Accept

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