VRM Conclusion

Vessel Resource
STET Maritime Education
Management
MODULE 1
ATTITUDES & MANAGEMENT SKILLS
MODULE 1
Training Objectives:
• Understand the three “ truths”.

• Recognise the importance of using all
available human resources.
• Recognise the “hazardous thoughts” and
replace them with “safe thoughts”.
MODULE 1
Conclusion:
• Recognize the three “truths”

- The sea is dangerous.
- We can’t change the law of nature
- We make mistakes
• Recognize the hazardous thoughts
• Develop the safe thoughts
• Think safety
MODULE 1
Safety consciousness should be our dominant

culture; our way of life.
Have full control when you are compromising

safety.
MODULE 2
CULTURAL AWARENESS
MODULE 2
CULTURAL AWARENESS
• Understand the need for cultural awareness

• Understand how people vary
• Understand the five ways of classifying people
– Group or individual
– Power distance
– Uncertainty avoidance
– Feminine or masculine
– Time perception (Long/short term)
• Understand the concept of cultural wheel
MODULE 2
CULTURAL AWARENESS
• Conclusion:
SAFETY
Effective Communications
Cultural Awareness
MODULE 2
CULTURAL AWARENESS
Conclusion:
• Recognized the ways that culture can be
classified
• Understanding Organizational culture is an
important part to effective communication
• Don’t
– Stereotype
– Assume others share your values
– Offend culture others
• Use cultural wheel to enhance cultural awareness
MODULE 3
COMMUNICATIONS & BRIEFINGS
MODULE 3
• Understand the principles of good

communications Setting the:
– climate
– interactive
– closed loop
• Recognized the importance of briefings
• Recognized the importance of de-briefings
MODULE 3
Conclusion:
• Need to set up the correct climate for
interactive and closed loop communications,
briefings and de-briefings
• Key messages:
– Make time
– open and friendly climate
– Suitable person to conduct
– Define areas of responsibility
MODULE 3
– Define bottom lines

– Common understanding/shared mental map
– De-brief to capture lessons learnt
– Timely
– stay focus
– Team affair
• Always end with “any other questions?”.
MODULE 4
CHALLENGE & RESPONSE
MODULE 4
• Understand the concept of Challenge and

response.
• Recognize the importance of Challenge and

response to Safety.
• Recognize Challenge and response involve the

entire team.
MODULE 4
Conclusion:
• Create environment for challenge and response

• Avoid blocks
• Challenge and response involve the whole team
• Challenge concept NOT person
• Challenge and response is about safety and NOT
democracy
• Set limit to challenge
• Challenge when concept changed or limits are
exceeded
• Diplomacy.
MODULE 5
SHORT TERM STRATEGY
MODULE 5
SHORT TERM STRATEGY
• Recognise the concept of group dynamics in

problem solving
• Understand STS as a BRM-Designed system
in problem solving
• Understand the need to make time to
facilitate STS
MODULE 5
SHORT TERM STRATEGY
Conclusion:
• STS Provides a structure for decision making
• STS is the SOP for situations without SOP
• STS is about harnessing combined knowledge
• STS involves:
– Identify problem
– Build plans
– Check plans
– Briefing
– Monitor
– Debriefing
MODULE 6
AUTHORITY & ASSERTIVENESS
MODULE 6
• Define Authority and Assertiveness
• Recognize the need for a balance between

Authority and Assertiveness
• State possible reasons for extremes
• State the dangers of the four extreme

combinations
MODULE 6
Conclusion:
• Need to maintain a balance between Authority

and Assertiveness.
• Need to deal with the extremes with tact.

MODULE 7
MANAGEMENT STYLES
MODULE 7
MANAGEMENT STYLES
• State the five management styles
• State how to identify them
• State how to respond to them

MODULE 7
MANAGEMENT STYLES
Conclusion:
Understand there are different management

styles
Understand the way to deal with different

types of management styles
Need to maintain a “balanced” management

styles
MODULE 8 -WORKLOAD
MODULE 8 -WORKLOAD
• Recognise the whole range of workloads
– Underload
– Normal
– High
– Overload
• Recognise the importance of pre-planning
• State the problems at the start and
during delegation
• State how to delegate correctly
MODULE 8 -WORKLOAD
Conclusion:
• Recognise the whole range of workloads and
how to deal with them.
• Recognise the relationship:
Task X Task Value
Time
• Recognise the importance of pre-planning
• State the problems at the start and during
delegation
• State how to delegate correctly
MODULE 9
STATE OF THE SHIP
MODULE 9
STATE OF THE SHIP
• List the factors that have a major

impact on the state of the ship
• Describe the states of the ship from –3

to +3.
• Recognise the states

MODULE 9
STATE OF THE SHIP
Conclusion:
• Understand the factors that have a major impact

on the state of the ship
• Describe the 6 states of the ship
– +1 Optimum
– +2 Concerned
– +3 Alarmed
– -1 Bored
– -2 Inattentive
– -3 Inattentive at a critical phase
– from –3 to +3
• Recognise the states
MODULE 10
HUMAN INVOLVEMENT IN ERRORS
MODULE 10
• State underlying causes of accidents

• Describe some causes of external errors
• State some causes of internal errors
• State a policy for responding to and learning from
errors
MODULE 10
Conclusion:
• Understand the underlying causes of accidents
• Understand the causes of external errors
• Understand the causes of internal errors
• Develop a policy to deal with errors.
MODULE 11
JUDGMENT & DECISION MAKING
MODULE 11
• Recognise the factors affecting judgment and

decision making.
• Understand the process of decision making.
• Recognise how hidden pressure can negatively

influence judgment and decision making.
MODULE 11
Conclusion:
• Recognise the factors affecting judgment and
decision making.
• Understand the process of decision making.
• Recognise how hidden pressure can negatively

influence judgment and decision making.
• Quality of decision = Skill + Tech knowledge +

BRM + Collective experience
MODULE 12
EMERGENCIES & LEADERSHIP
MODULE 12
• State different types of emergencies
• State a strategy for dealing with

emergencies
• State different leadership styles

MODULE 12
Conclusion:
Understand different types of emergencies
• Understand the need to develop a strategy
for dealing with emergencies
– “Rehearsing”
– Tech Knowledge + BRM
– Anticipate - Alert all time
– Buy time
• State different leadership styles
MODULE 13
CRISIS & CROWD CONTROL
MODULE 13
CRISIS & CROWD CONTROL
• Explain Reptile and Controlling Brain functions
• Identify sign of stress and how it degrades
performance
• Explain a strategy for managing a crew through
crisis phases
• Explain important factors in managing a crowd in
a crisis
• State how to conduct a personal crisis
debriefing.
MODULE 14
AUTOMATION AWARENESS
MODULE 14
• State some of the automation characteristics and

automation dangers.
• State how your role should change to control
automation more effectively.
• State some learning methods for improving your use
of automation.
MODULE 14
Conclusion:
• Able to state some of the automation

characteristics and automation dangers.
• Able to state how your role should change to

control automation more effectively.
• Able to state some learning methods for improving

your use of automation.
MODULE 14
Conclusion:
Automation either decrease your

workload in normal times or increase
workload in abnormal times if you are
not prepared for it.

VRM Conclusion

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Vessel Resource

STET Maritime Education

• Understand the three “ truths”.

• Recognize the three “truths”

• Recognize the hazardous thoughts

• Develop the safe thoughts

Safety consciousness should be our dominant

Have full control when you are compromising

• Understand the need for cultural awareness

• Understand the principles of good

– Define bottom lines

• Understand the concept of Challenge and

• Recognize the importance of Challenge and

• Recognize Challenge and response involve the

• Create environment for challenge and response

• Recognise the concept of group dynamics in

• Define Authority and Assertiveness

• Recognize the need for a balance between

• State possible reasons for extremes

• State the dangers of the four extreme

• Need to maintain a balance between Authority

• Need to deal with the extremes with tact.

• State the five management styles

• State how to identify them

• State how to respond to them

Understand there are different management

Understand the way to deal with different

Need to maintain a “balanced” management

• List the factors that have a major

• Describe the states of the ship from –3

• Recognise the states

• Understand the factors that have a major impact

• State underlying causes of accidents

• Recognise the factors affecting judgment and

• Understand the process of decision making.

• Recognise how hidden pressure can negatively

• Understand the process of decision making.

• Recognise how hidden pressure can negatively

• Quality of decision = Skill + Tech knowledge +

• State different types of emergencies

• State a strategy for dealing with

• State different leadership styles

• State some of the automation characteristics and

• Able to state some of the automation

• Able to state how your role should change to

• Able to state some learning methods for improving

Automation either decrease your

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