REDUCE THE CONSTRUCTION COST BY USING

NATURAL RESOURCES - BAMBOO

By
Team ID No: 14
GHANCHI RATHOD PRAJAPATI THAKOR
MOHAMMADHARISHA. JAYPALSINH R. SOHAM M. MEET R.
21720SBECI30067 21720SBECI30075 21720SBECI30072 1620BECI30030

Guided by
Mr. J.D.RAOL
Faculty of Civil Engineering Department
LDRP- ITR, Gandhinagar

A Report submitted to Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering (Semester-VIII) on 15th April, 2020

Department of Civil Engineering

LDRP Institute of Technology & Research
Sector-15, Gandhinagar – 382015
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a report submitted as a project (CV-805) for the project entitled
“REDUCE THE CONSTRUCTION COST BY USING NATURAL RESOURCES -
BAMBOO’’ was carried out by following students of L.D.R.P Institute of Technology &
Research, Gandhinagar for the partial fulfillment of B.E.(Civil) degree to be awarded by
Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya. This research work has been carried out under my supervision
and is to my satisfaction.

Team ID No: 14
GHANCHI RATHOD PRAJAPATI THAKOR
MOHAMMADHARISHA JAYPALSINH R. SOHAM M. MEET R.
. 21720SBECI30067 21720SBECI30075 21720SBECI30072 1620BECI30030

Date: 15th April, 2020

Place: Gandhinagar

Mr. J.D.RAOL
(Project Guide) Ms. Ankita Parikh
Faculty of Civil Engineering Department Head of Civil Engineering Department
LDRP- ITR, Gandhinagar LDRP- ITR, Gandhinagar

Department of Civil Engineering

LDRP Institute of Technology & Research
Sector-15, Gandhinagar – 382015
 PROJECT APPROVAL

This is to certify that research work embodied in this project (CV-805) entitled “REDUCE
THE CONSTRUCTION COST BY USING NATURAL RESOURCES - BAMBOO’’ was
carried out by following students of LDRP Institute of Technology & Research,
Gandhinagar is approved to award for the partial fulfillment of B.E.(Civil) degree to be
awarded by Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya.

Team ID No: 14
GHANCHI RATHOD PRAJAPATI THAKOR
MOHAMMADHARISHA JAYPALSINH R. SOHAM M. MEET R.
. 21720SBECI30067 21720SBECI30075 21720SBECI30072 1620BECI30030

Date: 15th April, 2020

Place: Gandhinagar

_______________ _______________ _______________

J.D.RAOL Ms.Ankita Parikh, H.O.D. (Civil)

 UNDERTAKING

We undersigned are, the author of the Project (CV-805) titled “REDUCE THE
CONSTRUCTION COST BY USING NATURAL RESOURCES - BAMBOO’’, hereby
declare that this is an independent work of us, carried out towards partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of B.E.(Civil) degree by Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya at LDRP
Institute of Technology & Research, Gandhinagar. This work has not been submitted to
any other institution for the award of any degree/diploma.

Date: 15th April, 2020

Place: Gandhinagar

GHANCHI RATHOD PRAJAPATI THAKOR

MOHAMMADHARISHA JAYPALSINH R. SOHAM M. MEET R.
. 21720SBECI30067 21720SBECI30075 21720SBECI30072 1620BECI30030
Team ID No: 14

DISCLAIMER
This document describes work undertaken as part of B.E. (Civil) degree to be awarded by
Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya at LDRP Institute of Technology & Research, Gandhinagar.
All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the authors, and do
not necessarily represent those of Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, the Project Guide(s), or the
Project Committee.

Date: 15th April, 2020

Place: Gandhinagar

GHANCHI RATHOD PRAJAPATI THAKOR

MOHAMMADHARISHA JAYPALSINH R. SOHAM M. MEET R.
. 21720SBECI30067 21720SBECI30075 21720SBECI30072 1620BECI30030
Team ID No: 14
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, all praise due to almighty GOD for the generation of ideas solely
expressed in this report, in depth analysis of engineering problems and possible
solution, at last the publishing and above all the everlasting mercy.
We would like to express our profound gratitude to our project guide Prof.
Jitendrasinh D.Raol Sir for his continues support throughout our project work. His
patient, motivation and immense knowledge have helped us in improving our project.
His guidance helped us in all the time of research and developing of this project,
Beside our project, we would like to thank our H.O.D. Ms.Ankita J. Parikh
mam for her encouragement throughout the implementation of this project work. We
are also thankful to Mr.Jagdish A. Patel sir and all the faculties of the civil
engineering department, L.D.R.P.-I.T.R., Gandhinagar for their help and assistant
rendered during the completion of this project.
Last, but not the least; we would like to show our deepest thankfulness to our
family and loved ones for their kind co-operation and encouragement. Which, help us
in completion of this project.

GHANCHI MOHAMMADHARISH A.
RATHOD JAYPALSINH R.
PRAJAATI SOHAM M.
THAKOR MEET R.
 ABSTRACT
Recently, in the attention in response to global warming issues and sustainable
society, the manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Bamboo, low
cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is expected to contribute
significantly to earthquake-resistant construction and seismic retrofit technology in
the developing countries.

The need of alternative building materials has arisen in the past few years.
Fortunately, there are many such options available at our disposal which when used in
suitable combinations can save huge amounts of money and hence can result in
affordable construction costs. One such building material is the use of ‘bamboo’ as
reinforcement.

This report has been prepared to assist field personnel in the design and
construction of bamboo reinforced concrete. The information in this report has been
compiled from reports of test programs by various researchers and represents current
opinion.

These studies led to the establishment of bamboo’s composite behavior

through the rule of mix. The selection and preparation of bamboo and construction
principles for bamboo reinforced concrete are discussed. The design procedures for
bamboo reinforced concrete are given and conversion methods from steel reinforced
concrete design are shown. The water absorption test for bamboo and for the fresh
concrete, slump test and split-cylinder test are performed. The cost analysis for R.C.C.
and Bamboo reinforced concrete are also discussed.

Finally, some recommendations for future studies are proposed with the hope
that the newly developed material could contribute, on a large scale, to sustainable
development without harming our globe.
 INDEX

CHAPTER No. CONTENT PAGE

CHAPTER -1 Introduction
1.1 General 09
1.2 Need of study 10
1.3 Objectives 10
1.4 Scope of work 10
1.5 What is Bamboo concrete? 10
1.6 Is Bamboo Harder than Traditional Hardwoods? 11
1.7 Various Structural Shapes of Bamboo as a Building 12
Material
1.8 Bamboo Species in India 12
1.9 Advantages and disadvantages bamboo concrete 13
1.2.1 Selection of bamboo 16
1.2.2 Preparation of bamboo 16
1.2.3 Construction principal 18
1.2.4 Concrete mix proportion 18
1.2.5 Placement of bamboo 18
1.2.6 Anchorage and splicing of reinforcements 19
1.2.7 Design principles 19
1.2.8 Bamboo as an Engineering material 19
1.2.9 Basic characteristic of bamboo 20
1.3.1 Durability of bamboo as an engineering material 20
1.3.2 Effect of water absorption 21
1.3.3 Bonding strength 22
CHAPTER -2 Literature review 24
CHAPTER -3 Analysis and methodology 28
3.1 Introduction of material 28
3.2 Aggregate 28
3.3 Types of aggregates 29
3.4 Cement 29
3.5 Bamboo 30
3.6 Reinforced steel 30
3.7 Characteristics of steel 31
3.8 Water 31
3.9 Test for M25 grade of concrete 32
3.1.1 Tensile strength of concrete 35
 3.1.2 Water absorption test of bamboo 36
3.1.3 Workability test of concrete 37
3.1.4 Split cylinder test 38
CHAPTER -4 Cost analysis of R.C.C. and B.R.C. 40

CHAPTER-5 References 41

Chapter-1
Introduction
1.1 General
The present energy crisis provoked by indiscriminate industrial growth has
caused increasing concerns about managing the energy resources still available and
about environmental degradation. There is an intense on-going search for non-
polluting materials and manufacturing processes, which require less energy. Attention
of researchers and industries has turned to materials such as vegetable fibers including
bamboo, soil, wastes from industry, mining and agriculture for engineering
applications.
The use of bamboo as building materials has occurred in a long period. Most
of traditional houses in Indonesia and Asia use bamboo as building materials, both as
structural and non-structural materials. The use of bamboo in traditional houses is due
to the fact that bamboo grows abundantly in tropical rain forest. But after industrial
era has begun the use of bamboo as building material become obsolete. Bamboo is
considered as cheap and non-permanent materials. It is also considered as low-class
material, even called as “the poor man timber” by many modern builder (Lobokivov,
2009). People tend to choose brick, concrete and steel as structural and construction
materials for modern building.
But, nowadays, after global warming and sustainability issues are emerged,
bamboo as building materials is widely discussed and reviewed. Some architect and
builder nowadays tend to choose bamboo for building material. High-quality woods
for construction are rarely found nowadays because of deforestation. Wood also takes
long time to re-grow and ready to use as construction materials. Meanwhile bamboo
can be harvested in a short time, which is between 3-5 years. When planting, bamboo
also releases oxygen into the air, the ability that cannot be performed by industrial
materials like steel, plastic and concrete. For the reasons, bamboo has been widely
known as sustainable building materials.
Bamboo naturally grows in the forest but also can be cultivated in plantation.
While the largest stock of bamboo grows in forest, it raises some important questions
regarding resource ownership and management (Jansen, 2000). Local community in
Asia usually plant bamboo around their village. In some remote village, bamboo
grove is used as a fence or as boundary layer for the village. In this case, bamboo
belongs to the community and it is free to use by the community.

1.2 Need of study

 To apply engineering techniques and concepts to reduce overall cost of building
construction.

 To make available housing for poor and needy peoples.

 Use of environment friendly materials.
 To take maximum benefit of available natural resources.

1.3 Objectives
 To study performance of bamboo as a Construction material.
 To perform a compressive and tensile strength of bamboo concrete.
  To analysis a cost benefit ratio of R.C.C. and B.R.C.

1.4 Scope of work

These studies led to the establishment of bamboo’s composite behavior

through the rule of mix. The selection and preparation of bamboo and construction
principles for bamboo reinforced concrete are discussed. The design procedures for
bamboo reinforced concrete are given and conversion methods from steel reinforced
concrete design are shown. The water absorption test for bamboo and for the fresh
concrete slump test and split-cylinder test are performed. The cost analysis of R.C.C.
and Bamboo reinforced concrete are also discussed.

1.5 What is Bamboo concrete?

Concrete is a mixture of cement or any other hydraulic cement, fine aggregate,
course aggregate and water, bamboo with or without admixtures.

Fig.1.1 Bamboo concrete

1.6 Is Bamboo Harder than Traditional Hardwoods?

A resounding yes, in fact, strand woven bamboo is 2-3 times harder than most
hardwoods, including oak! The hardness of wood is measured by the Janka Scale–a
test that's used for universally categorizing woods in terms of their hardness.
Environmental destruction such as pollution of air and water has been
occurring in some regions by rapid development and production of materials like iron,
steel, glass, cement and aluminium that use limited mineral resources. On the other
hand, plants and fibres are annually reproducible clean resources. Bamboo is a unique
group of gigantic grasses the Culm of which originates in underground rhizomes. It
grows naturally in many parts around the world country but some species are
artificially planted. Bamboo forests are found across tropic and sub-tropic zones
between latitudes of about 40° south, i.e. areas with mean annual temperatures of
from 20° C to 30° C. Water pipes grows at altitudes from 20 to 3,000meters. The
plant is fully mature at an age of three to four years.

Bamboo as a building material has high compressive strength and low weight
has been one of the most used building materials as support for concrete, especially in
those locations where it is found in abundance.

Due to a distinctive rhizome-dependent system, bamboos are one of the

fastest-growing plants in the world and their growth is three times faster than most
other species of plants. They are renewable and extremely versatile resource with
 multi-purpose usage. Among many uses of bamboo, Housing is one of the major
area’s applications especially in the wake of residential shortages around the globe.

Fig.1.2 Bamboo concrete

1.7 Various Structural Shapes of Bamboo as a Building Material

Bamboos are treated in such a way that they assume desired shapes and structures
while they grow:

1. Squared cross-section can be obtained by compressing the growing stalk of bamboo

within a square section.
2. Arch shapes of bamboo can also be created by compressing the bamboo’s growth
into the desired shape. This would cost lesser than it would to get the same form with
normal timber.
3. Curved and Flat shapes of bamboo are achieved through traditional techniques like
applying heat and pressure.

Fig.1.3 Various structural shape of bamboo

1.8Bamboo Species in India
Commercially Viable Bamboo Species in India.
 Bambusa balcooa.
 Bamboosa bambos.
 Bambusa nutans.
 Bambusa pallida.
 Bambusa tulda.
  Bambusa vulgaris.

MELOCANNA BACCIFERA BAMBUSA BAMBOS BAMBUSA BALCOA

BAMBUSA NUTANS DENDROCALAMUS BAMBUSA PALLIDA

HAMILTONII
Fig.1.4 Important Bamboo species in India.

1.9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Bamboo Concrete

Advantages: -
Bamboo is used for various construction works. It has good strength and
durability. Now a day’s concrete is a widely used as construction material for its
various advantages such as low cost, availability, fire resistance etc.
Reinforced cement concrete plays vital role in construction.

 Bamboo is easy to cut, handle, repair, reposition and maintain, without the need for
sophisticated tools or equipment compare to steel.
 Because of its extraordinary physical characteristics, Guadua bamboo is suitable for all
types of structures and constructions.
 Bamboo is non-polluting and does not have crusts or parts that can be considered waste.
Instead of adding to the problems of polluting land-fills like conventional building
waste, any part of the bamboo that is not used is recycled back into the earth as
fertilizer or can be processed as bamboo charcoal.
 Its circular form and hollow sections make bamboo a light building material, which is
easy to handle, transport and store. Therefore, building with bamboo saves time.
 Bamboo can be utilized for permanent and for temporary constructions.
 In each of its nodes, bamboo has a dividing or transverse wall that maintains strength
and allows bending thus preventing rupturing when bent. Because of this fantastic
characteristic a bamboo construction offers superior earthquake-resistance.
 The composition of the fibers in the walls of the bamboo allows it to be cut length-wise
or cross cut in pieces of any length, using simple manual tools like the machete.
 The natural surface of the bamboo is smooth, clean, with an attractive colour
which does not require painting, scraping or polishing.
 Besides being used as a structural element, bamboo can also serve other functions, such
as: flooring, wall paneling, water pipes, drainage, and furniture.
 Another advantage of building with bamboo is, that it can be used in combination with
other types of construction materials, like reinforcing materials for foundations.
 Economical compare to steel.
 Bamboo can be utilized as a building material as for scaffolding, bridges and
houses. Bamboo, like true wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-
 to-weight ratio useful for structures. Bamboo has a higher compressive strength than
wood, brick or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel.
 Bamboo is Stronger than Steel. Bamboo has quite high tensile strength. It is comparable
with steel. Apart from this, bamboo has an impermeable protective layer on the outer
side which protects it from rotting due to water, which is a major problem for almost all
organic material.
 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF BAMBOO. Bamboo is one of the
most important nature's substitutes for the endangered rainforest hardwoods. It is a
quick-growing, versatile, non-timber forest product whose rate of biomass generation is
unsurpassed by any other plants.
 If you put the bamboo into the ground, it will last up to 2 years, and then it will rot off
at the ground level. Above the ground the bamboo will last many, many years. If
outdoors in the elements it will likely last more than 10 years. It is naturally rot and pest
resistant.
 The tensile strength of plaited bamboo cables is as strong as or stronger than a steel
cable of the same size. Hemp rope loses 20% of its strength when wet while
bamboo cables increase in strength by as much as 20% when wet.
 Generally speaking, bamboo flooring is cheaper than wood flooring. ... You can of
course, find engineered Oak flooring at a more reasonable price and some types of
strand woven bamboo, which are extremely durable, can be more expensive.
 The bamboo was Bambusa Valgaris family, normally, it is locally available in Tirupur.
The tensile strength of the bamboo strips used was 93.4 Mpa.
 Bamboo as a building material has high compressive strength and low weight has been
one of the most used building materials as support for concrete, especially in those
locations where it is found in abundance. Bamboo as a building material is used for
the construction of scaffolding, bridges and structures, houses.
 Low cost construction.
 It is eco friendly as to absorb NO2 in water and CO2 in air.
 Bamboo is easily accessible.
 It withstands 7.8 richer of seismic attack.
 Tensile strength: Bamboo has higher tensile strength than steel because its fibres run
axially. Fire Resistance: Capability of bamboo to resist fire is very high and it can
withstand temperature up to 4000 C. Unlike other building materials like cement and
asbestos, bamboo poses no danger to health.
 Elasticity: Bamboo is widely preferred in earthquake prone regions due to its elastic
features.
 Weight of bamboo: Bamboos due to their low weight are easily displaced or installed
making it very easier for transportation and construction.
 Unlike other building materials like cement and asbestos, bamboo poses no danger to
health.

 They are cost effective and easy to use.

 They are especially in great demand in earthquake prone areas.

Disadvantages: -
 Bamboo is not easily available.
  They require preservation
 Shrinkage: Bamboo shrinks much greater than any other type of timber especially
when it loses water.
 Durability: Bamboo should be sufficiently treated against insect or fungus attack
before being utilized for building purposes.

 Jointing: Despite prevalence of various techniques of jointing, structural reliability of

bamboo is questionable.

 Water Damage: As mentioned above bamboo is more resistant to water damage than

the average hardwood. However, it is still a natural material made of organic elements,
and as such excessive moisture will cause it to warp or will allow mold to grow. A
flood can severely damage a bamboo flooring installation.
 It is not uniform, i.e. large varieties of bamboo are found having different tensile
strength.
 It has tendency to absorb water and also to release water on drying.
 Bamboo wood is easily infected by wood-boring insects and affects living organisms,
such as, fungi and insects because of its high content of nutrients unless treated with
wood preservatives kept very dry.
 It is susceptible to catch fire as compared to steel.

1.2.1 Selection of Bamboo

The following factors should be considered in the selection of bamboo culms

(whole plants) for use as reinforcement in concrete structures:

1. Use only bamboo showing a pronounced brown color. This will insure that the plant is
at least three years old.
2. Select the longest large diameter culms available.
3. Do not use whole culms of green, unseasoned bamboo.
4. Avoid bamboo cut in spring or early summer. These culms are generally weaker due to
increased fiber moisture content.

Fig.1.5 Selection of bamboo

1.2.2Preparation of Bamboo

Sizing
 Splints (split culms) are generally more desirable than whole culms as
reinforcement. Larger culms should be split into splints approximately 3/4 inch wide.
Whole culms less than 3/4 inch in diameter can be used without splitting.

Splitting

Splitting the bamboo can be done by separating the base with a sharp knife
and then pulling a dulled blade through the culm. The dull blade will force the stem to
split open; this is more desirable than cutting the bamboo since splitting will result in
continuous fibers and a nearly straight section. Table II shows the approximate net area
provided by whole culms and by 3/4-inch-wide splints, as well as the cross-sectional
properties of standard deformed steel bars and wire mesh.

Fig.1.6 Splitting of Bamboo

Seasoning

When possible, the bamboo should be cut and allowed to dry and season for
three to four weeks before using. The culms must be supported at regular spacing’s to
reduce warping.

Bending

Bamboo can be permanently bent if heat, either dry or wet, is applied while
applying pressure. This procedure can be used for forming splints into C-shaped
stirrups and for putting hooks on reinforcement for additional anchorage.

Waterproof coating

When seasoned bamboo, either split or whole, is used as reinforcement, it

should receive a waterproof coating to reduce swelling when in contact with concrete.
Without some type of coating, bamboo will swell before the concrete has developed
sufficient strength to prevent cracking and the member may be damaged, especially if
more than 4 percent bamboo is used. The type of coating will depend on the materials
available. A brush coat or dip coat of asphalt emulsion is preferable. Native latex, coal
tar, paint, dilute varnish, and water-glass (sodium silicate) are other suitable coatings.
In any case, only a thin coating should be applied; a thick coating will lubricate the
surface and weaken the bond with the concrete.
 Fig.1.7 Waterproof coating by enamel paint

1.2.3 Construction Principals

In general, techniques used in conventional reinforced concrete construction

need not be changed when bamboo is to be used for reinforcement.

1.2.4 Concrete Mix Proportions

The same mix designs can be used as would normally be used with steel
reinforced concrete. Concrete slump should be as low as workability will allow. Excess
water causes swelling of the bamboo. High early strength cement is preferred to
minimize cracks caused by swelling of bamboo when seasoned bamboo cannot be
waterproofed.

1.2.5 Placement of bamboo

Bamboo reinforcement should not be placed less than 1-1/2 inches from the
face of the concrete surface. When using whole culms, the top and bottom of the stems
should be alternated in every row and the nodes or collars, should be staggered. This
will insure a fairly uniform cross section of the bamboo throughout the length of the
member, and the wedging effect obtained at the nodes will materially increase the bond
between concrete and bamboo.

The clear spacing between bamboo rods or splints should not be less than the
maximum size aggregate plus 1/4 inch. Reinforcement should be evenly spaced and
lashed together on short sticks placed at right angles to the main reinforcement. When
more than one layer is required, the layers should also be tied together. Ties should
preferably be made with wire in important members. For secondary members, ties can
be made with vegetation strips.

Bamboo must be securely tied down before placing the concrete. It should be
fixed at regular intervals of 3 to 4 feet to prevent it from floating up in the concrete
during placement and vibration. In flexural members continuous, one-half to two-thirds
of the bottom longitudinal reinforcement should be bent up near the supports. This is
especially recommended in members continuous over several supports. Additional
diagonal tension reinforcement in the form of stirrups must be used near the supports.
The vertical stirrups can be made from wire or packing case straps when available; they
can also be improvised from split sections of bamboo bent into U-shape, and tied
securely to both bottom longitudinal reinforcement and bent-up reinforcement. Spacing
of the stirrups should not exceed 6 inches.
1.2.6 Anchorage and Splicing of Reinforcements

Dowels in the footings for column and wall reinforcement should be imbedded
in the concrete to such a depth that the bond between bamboo and concrete will resist
the allowable tensile force in the dowel. This imbedded depth is approximately 10
times the diameter of whole culms or 25 times the thickness of 3/4 inch wide splints. In
many cases the footings will not be this deep; therefore, the dowels will have to be bent
into an L-shape. These dowels should be either hooked around the footing
reinforcement or tied securely to the reinforcement to insure complete anchorage. The
dowels should extend above the footings and be cut so that not more than 30 percent of
the splices will occur at the same height. All such splices should be overlapped at least
25 inches and be well tied.

Splicing reinforcement in any member should be overlapped at least 25 inches.

Splices should never occur in highly stressed areas and in no case should more than 30
percent of the reinforcement be spliced in any one location.

1.2.7 Design Principals

Bamboo reinforced concrete design is similar to steel reinforcing design.

Bamboo reinforcement can be assumed to have the following mechanical properties: 

Table-1 Mechanical properties

Property Value
Density 0.5-0.9 gm/cc
Compressive strength 53-100Mpa
Tensile strength 111-219Mpa
Bending strength 86-229Mpa
Bending Elasticity 6882-20890Mpa

1.2.8 Bamboo as an engineering material

In consequence of the consumers choosing industrialized products, among
other effects, activities are suppressed in rural areas or even in small towns, and
renewable materials are wasted and causing permanent pollution. In this sense, it
becomes obvious that ecological materials satisfy such fundamental requirements,
making use of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, coconut fibers, sisal and
bamboo and therefore minimizing energy consumption, conserving non-renewable
natural resources, reducing pollution and maintaining a healthy environment. Bamboo
is one material, which will have a tremendous economic advantage, as it reaches its full
growth in just a few months and reaches its maximum mechanical resistance in just few
years. Moreover, it exists in abundance in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe.
The energy necessary to produce 1 m3 per unit stress projected in practice for
materials commonly used in civil construction, such as steel or concrete, has been
compared with that of bamboo. It was found that for steel it is necessary to spend 50
times more energy than for bamboo. The tensile strength of bamboo is relatively high
and can reach 370 MPa.This makes bamboo an attractive alternative to steel in tensile
loading applications. This is due to the fact that the ratio of tensile strength to specific
weight of bamboo is six times greater than that of steel.
1.2.9 Basic characteristics of bamboo
Bamboos are giant grasses and not trees as commonly believed. They belong
to the family of the Bambusoideae. The bamboo Culm, in general,is a cylindrical shell,
which is divided by transversal diaphragms at the nodes. Bamboo shells are orthotropic
materials with high strength in the direction parallel to the fibers and low strength
perpendicular to the fibers respectively.

1.3.1 Durability of bamboo as an engineering material

Just like timber, bamboo is vulnerable to environmental degradation and
attacks by insects and molds. Its durability varies with the type of species, age,
conservation condition, treatment and curing. Curing should be initiated when bamboo
is being cut in the bamboo grove. There is a strong relation between insect attacks and
the levels of starch plus humidity content of bamboo Culm. In order to reduce the
starch content, bam boo receives a variety of treatments including curing on the spot,
immersion, heating or smoke.
Drying bamboo is fundamental to its conservation for various reasons.
Bamboo with low humidity is less prone to mould attacks especially when humidity
content is less than 15%. Physical and mechanical properties of bamboo increase with a
decrease in its humidity con-tent. Bamboo to be treated with a preservative needs to be
dry to facilitate penetration and obtain a better result and reducing transport costs.
Bamboo can be dried in air, green house, and oven or by fire.
Many steel and concrete structures built in the past 30years reveal serious
deterioration caused mainly by the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. In fig.8a steel
reinforced concrete column after 10 service years and the first bamboo reinforced
concrete beam tested at PUC-Rio in 1979are presented and compared.The steel
reinforced column is part of the tunnel structure of Rios Metro. The bamboo reinforced
beam after testing has been exposed to open air in the university campus. It can be
observed that the bamboo segment of the beam reinforcement, treated against insects as
well as for bonding with concrete, is still in satisfactory condition after 15years.

Fig.1.8 Durability of bamboo and steel reinforcement in concrete elements.

(a) Bamboo reinforcement of a tested beam exposed in open air after 15 years.
(b) Steel reinforcement of a column in the tunnel of metro after 10 years in closed area.

1.3.2 Effect of water absorption

One of the main shortcomings of bamboo is water absorption when it is used
as a reinforcement and/or permanent shutter form with concrete. The capacity of
 bamboo to absorb water was studied on several species. A summary of the results is
presented in Fig.1.9. As seen fromFig.1.9, DG, and Bambusa vulgaris schard, VS,
absorbed the least amount of water among all compared species. The dimensional
variations of the transversal section of bamboos DG and VS reached up to 6% after 7
days immersion in water.

Fig.1.9 Water absorption

1.3.3 Bonding strength

A reinforcing bar in concrete is prevented from slipping by adhesion or bond
between them. The main factors which affect the bond between the reinforcing bar and
concrete are: adhesive properties of the cement matrix, the compression friction forces
appearing on the surface of the reinforcing bar due to shrinkage of the concrete and the
shear resistance of concrete due to surface form and roughness of the reinforcing bar.
The dimensional changes of bamboo due to moisture and temperature
variations influence all the three bond characteristics severely during the casting and
curing of concrete.
The bonding between bamboo and concrete for 20 types of products has been
established in pull-out tests shown in fig.1.10. To avoid the effects of non-uniform
shear stress distribution in conventional tests, only the middle part (100 mm) of the bar
is subjected to shear. The top and bottom parts are prepared suchthat the applied shear
bond is zero at their locations as shown infig.1.10. The application of a very fine layer
of IGOL-T or Negrolin product on a bamboo, which is wrapped with a wire of 1.5 mm
diameter, has shown to increase shear strength for the interface.

Fig. 1.10. Pull out test of the bamboo segments.

(a) Improved pull-out test; (b) Conventional pull-out test.
The bonding shear stress, sb, is calculated by this Eq.
F
sb =
LS
Where, F is the applied pulling load and S is the perimeter of the bamboo and
L = 100 mm is the length of bonded interface. This treatment has shown (seeTable-2)
to improve the shearing bond strength of bamboo/concrete interface by up to 90%.
In most recent studies the product called Sikadur 32-Gel, which has been
developed to prevent the corrosion of reinforcing bars, has been applied on the surface
of reinforcing bamboo segments. The results show that the new product Sikadur 32-Gel
has increased the bonding strength of treated bamboo segments 5.29 times, compared
with that of untreated segments of bamboo and steel, as given in Table-2.

Table 2-Bonding strength of bamboo segment subjected to pull-out test.

Bond strength of
Bond strength of untreated bamboo
Treatment treated bamboo sb b bnt
s /s

Without treatment 0.52 1.00

Negrolin + sand 0.73 1.40
Negrolin + sand +
wire 0.97 1.87
Sikadur 32-Gel 2.75 5.29
Steel 3.25 6.25
Chapter-2
Literature review

2.1 Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Construction

Author: Francis E. Brink and Paul J. Rush
Year:February 1966
This report has been prepared to assist field personnel in the
designandconstruction of bamboo reinforced concrete. The information in this report
has been compiled from reports of test programs by various researchers and represents
current opinion.A study of the feasibility of using bamboo as the reinforcing material in
precast concrete elements was conducted at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station in 1964. (ref.2) Ultimate strength design procedures, modified to
consider the characteristics of the bamboo reinforcement were used to estimate the
ultimate load carrying capacity of the precast concrete elements with bamboo
reinforcing.
Bamboo was given recent consideration for use as reinforcement in soil-
cement pavement slabs in which the slabs behave in elastically even under light loads.
For this case ultimate load analysis was shown to be more economical and suitable for
use. The results of these investigations form the basis of the conclusions and
recommendations presented in this report. Further studies will be required before
complete confidence can be placed theoretical designs based on the material presented
here.

2.2 Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete element

Author:Khosrow Ghavami
Year:4 June 2004
It is a fact that the construction industry is the main consumer of energy and
materials in most countries. The pursuit of sustain-able development, defined in the
Brundtland Report 1987 as ‘‘development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’’, has become a
major issue when trying to meet the challenges in providing proper housing for the
ever-increasing world population. To increase the amount of information concerning
bamboo several successful research programs have been carried out since 1979 at PUC-
Rio and in Brazil. Vegetable fibers can be used either alone or as reinforcement in
different types of matrices such as soil and cement composites. This paper presents the
results of some of the recent studies of the microstructure of bamboo as a functionally
gradient material. These studies led to the establishment of bamboo are composite
behavior through the rule of mix. A concise summary regarding bamboo reinforced
concrete beams, permanent shutter concrete slabs and columns is discussed.

2.3 Durability analysis of bamboo as concrete reinforcement

Author: Humberto C. Lima. Jr, Fabio L. Willrich, Normando P. Barbosa
Year: June 2008
The experimental work on the bamboo species Dendrocalamusgiganteus
showed that the bamboo tensile strength is comparable with the best woods used in
constructions and even with steel. The tensile stress Vs strain curve of the bamboo is
linear up to failure. Bamboo average tensile strength is approximately 280MPain the
 specimens with node. Finally, 60 cycles of wetting and drying in solution of calcium
hydroxide and tap water did not decrease the bamboo tensile strength neither the
Young’s Modulus.

2.4 Experimental investigation on ethically treated bamboo reinforcement

concrete beams and columns
Author: Atul Agarwal, Bhardwaj Nanda, DamodarMaity
Year: 4 September 2014
In this study, the feasibility of usage of bamboo of usage of bamboo as
reinforcement in concrete has been evaluated through a series of experiment
investigation on of various beams and column. The bamboo swerve chemically treated.
The tests performed on specimens were tensile test on bamboo specimen, pull out test
of bamboo slats embedded in concrete, axial load test and transverse load test on BRC
columns and 2 point load test on BRC beams. It is observed from pull out test that the
bonding strength of the treated bamboo concrete composite is highest for Sikadur 32
Gel among the other adhesives composed. From the axial load testit is observed that,
the plain concrete and untreated bamboo reinforced concrete show brittle behavior and
shows little warning before axial failure whereas treated bamboo reinforced concrete
column with Sikadur 32gel shows ductile behavior and gives warning before failure. It
is found that treated BRC column with 8.0% bamboo reinforcement provides same
strength and behavior as per with reinforcement concrete column with0.89% steel. From
these entire tests we got to know that bamboo has the potential to substitute steel as
reinforcement for beam and column members.
2.5 Bolted bamboo joints reinforcement with fibres
Author: Ali awaludina
Year: December 2014
In this study, connections in bamboo construction sareregarded as the weakest
parts and have hindered the optimal utilization of excellent bamboo engineering
properties were studied in this work. This paper discussed development of various
methods of bamboo jointing, including the authors’ proposal where Fiber Reinforced
Plastic (FRP) in the form of sheets is used to improve the structural performance of
bolted bamboo joints. The test results showed a significant increase of join slip
modulus and lateral load capacity of the bolted bamboo connections due to wrapping
effects when they are reinforced with FRP sheets, especially the overlap joints.
2.6 Engineered bamboo for structural applications
Author: Bhavna Sharma, Ana Gatóo, Maximilian Bock, Michael Ramage
Year: 29 January 2015
The experimental work characterizes the mechanical properties of two types of
commercial products: bamboo scriber and laminated bamboo. The study utilized timber
standards for characterization, which allows for comparison to timber and engineered
timber products. There sults of the study indicate that both products have properties that
compare with timber. Bamboo scriber and laminated bamboo are heavily processed
before testing. Future work includes investigating the influence of processing on the
material properties. In particular, the impact of heat treatment performed on the
material to achieve a caramel color. Research on the influence of the orientation of the
original board on the stiffness will also allow for further optimization.
 2.7 The potential of bamboo as building material in organic shaped
building
Author: EstiAsihNurdiah
Year: 6 January 2016
The use of bamboo as building material in organic shaped building proved
vastly potential because the nature and properties of bamboo are capable to
accommodate it. Organic shaped building generally develops using form active
structure system or semi form active system, although it is also possible to use non-
form active structure system, i.e. trusses.
There are several methods that can be done to curve or bend the bamboo into
desired shape, such as hot bending method and cold bending method. Beside hot
bending and cold bending, curvature shape also can be generated by connected natural
curve bamboo. Beside the understanding about the nature and properties of bamboo, the
knowledge about structure system and bending method, the knowledge about joinery
system is also needed. However, the use of bamboo as sustainable building material
still arise a question about the preservation method. It is critical to observe and perform
continuously research on effective and environment friendly preservation method using
minimal or without chemical in gradient to minimize negative impact to the
environment. Therefore, we can use bamboo in reliable and responsible manner.
2.8 Properties and classifications of bamboo for construction of buildings
Author: 1. Aisha Haladu Bornoma 2. Muhamed Faruq 3.Moveh Samuel

Year: 4 September 2016

This article looks into the various properties and characteristics of bamboo and
how they could be used for possible construction of some domestic and some of their
possible advantages over conventional wood used in building constructions. From one
perspective bamboo is more impervious to water harm than the normal hardwood. Be
that as it may it is as yet a characteristic material made of natural components, and
thusly extreme dampness will make it twist or will enable shape to develop. One of the
principle focal points of working with bamboo is that it is a magnificent, common and
sustainable asset, equipped for fast development that can maintain a strategic distance
from future deforestation of our valuable tropical rainforests.
2.9 Bamboo stick concrete
Author: Mahavir balmukund Varma
Year: April 2018
This section presents a literature review spanning the range of the complex
biology of Bamboo of or understanding to prior’s search conducted on mechanical
behavior and different applications of the bamboo. A Study reported in Bamboo
structure based on their performance and on limit state design.Bamboo fiber bundles
have a potential ability to work as the reinforcement of polymer matrix. The tensile
strength of the bamboo fiber bundle is as high as that of jute fiber. Both the tensile
strength and Young’s modulus of the improved BFCEC increased about 15% and 30%,
respectively, in comparison with the conventional BFEC. High weight content of
bamboo fiber enables the bamboo composites to increase their strength in the most
effective way, when the bamboo fiber is modified in to the cotton shape.Concrete, steel,
wood, glass, plastic and many other material shave been used for construction. In
Thailand, most housing structures have been built by using steel-reinforced concrete.
Whenever the cost of steel imported from abroad is on the rise, housing prices will tend
to be on Therese as well. As a result, many researchers have been trying to find out
alternative materials to substitute the steel in reinforced concrete practices. Bamboo is
one of the interesting renewable materials, particularly in tropical countries, that could
be used as such a structural material substitution.
Chapter-3
Analysis and methodology

3.1 Introduction of material

The behavior and properties of structural materials, e.g. concrete, asphalt and
steel can be better understood by detailed, well-designed, first-hand experience
with these materials. The students will become familiar with the nature and
properties of these materials by conducting laboratory tests. These tests have been
selected to illustrate the basic properties and methods of testing of cement,
aggregates, paste, mortar, concrete, asphalt and steel. Test procedures, sometimes
simplified because of time limitation, are mostly those outlined by the Indian
Standards. In bamboo reinforced concrete different material is use like cement,
coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, bamboo, water, admixture, etc.

Fig.3.1Different Materials

3.2Aggregate
Aggregates are the important constituents of the concrete. They give body to
the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. One of the important factors
responsible for producing workable concrete is good gradation which implies that
sample fraction of aggregate in required proportion contain minimum voids.
Sample of well graded aggregate containing minimum voids requires minimum
cement paste to fill up these voids. Minimum voids require less quantity of cement
and water which helps to achieve increased economy, higher strength, lower
shrinkage, and greater durability of concrete.

Fig.3.2 Aggregates
3.3 Types of aggregates
There are two types of aggregates used for construction purpose:

I. Coarse Aggregates: The fraction from 80 mm to 4.75 mm are termed as

coarseaggregates,

II. Fine Aggregates: The fraction from 4.75 to 150 microns is termed asfine
aggregates.

Fig.3.3 Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate

3.4 Cement
Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials
together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the
construction process. Concrete on the other hand, is a material used in
construction, made by mixing aggregate (i.e. different types of sand and gravel),
cement, small stones and water. The reason cement is one of the most common
construction ingredients among other is its ability to hold the structure together.
To get concrete, one mixes water, sand and gravel. When cement is mixed with
water and sand, the outcome is cement plaster, yet when cement is mixed with
water, lime and sand, the result is mortar.

Fig.3.4 Cement

3.5Bamboo
Bamboo is one of the construction materials known to mankind since time
immemorial. It is the most common construction material used for hut type
structures in developing countries. Its use as reinforcement to cement matrices
was recognized at the beginning of twentieth century. One of the properties that
would make bamboo a good substitute to steel in reinforced concrete is its
strength. The strength of bamboo is greater than many timber products which are
advantageous, but it is quite less than the tensile strength of steel. Bamboo is
easily accessible a sit is available is almost every tropical and sub tropical
region, this lowers the cost of construction and increases the strength of the
 building that would the otherwise is unreinforced. Tension test is the most basic
type of mechanical test it is easy to perform and relatively in expensive
compared to another test. The stress strain characteristics of bamboo have been
derived from the result of this tensile test.

Fig.3.5 Bamboo as engineering material

3.6 Reinforced steel
Steel reinforcement is mark able innovation of the 19thcentury, and has
been widely used across the world to reinforce concrete structures in the
construction industry. The many benefits this method of reinforcement offers,
has made it an essential part of the construction of large concrete structures
today. The steel bars add strength to the concrete structure, and allow for more
specialized designs, such as cantilevered structures(long structures anchored at
only one end).It also enables the use of thinner, less supported concrete slabs,
and promotes quicker construction times to name only a few benefits.

Fig.3.6 Reinforced steel bar

3.7 Characteristics of steel
High tensile strength: The high tensile strength offered by steel products and
especially steel reinforcement makes it ideal to strengthen concrete structure. A steel
reinforced concrete structure will offer a material that is higher in tensile strength,
which will not easily break under high tension as experienced in large structure.
High compressive strength: Steel, just like concrete, is resistant to high compression
forces present in larger building structures. Together, steel and concrete make for the
perfect material to ensure lasting structures such as building, bridges and more.
Difficult to mold and shape: Steel is not as easy to mould and shape like fresh
concrete, but can be molded and shaped under extremely high temperatures. This makes
it more complicated to shape and bend, but still possible. IPM Steel is able to cut and
bend steel reinforcement (rebar and mesh) onsite, partially onsite, or completely in our
own yard.
Relatively expensive: Although steel is relatively expensive, it is 100% recyclable, and
there will be no material wastage.
3.8.1 Water
Water is an important ingredient of the concrete as it actually participates in
the chemical reaction with cement. Since water helps to give strength to cement gel
the quantity and quality of water required to be looked into very carefully.
Suitability of water for mixing the concrete is that if water is fit for drinking it is fit
for making the concrete but, this does not appear to be true statement for all the
conditions. Some specifications require that if water is not obtained from source
that has proved satisfactory the strength of the concrete and with questionable
water should be compared same mortar made with pure water.

3.9 Test for M25 grade of concrete

Concrete Grade=M25
Type of cement=OPC 53Grade IS12269
Volume of concrete=1m3
Volume of cement=1kg
Volume of water=0.44 lit.
F.A. = 1.29kg
C.A. = 2.64kg
Sieve analysis for F.A. & C.A.
Table- 3

Total weight=3kg
Sr. no. Sieve size Mass Percentage Cum. % Percentage
Retained(kg) Retained(kg Retained Passing
)
1 20mm 0 0 0 100
2 12.5mm 2.1865 72.822 72.89 22.117
3 10mm 0.6745 22.483 95.37 4.634
4 4.75mm 0.1300 4.33 99.69 0.31
5 Pan 0.0090 0.3 0
∑=267.93 F.M.=7.68

Table-4

Total weight= 1kg

Sr. I.S. Sieve Size Mass Retained Percentage Cum. % Percentage
no. (grams) Retained Retained Passing
1 4.7mm 12 1.2 1.2 98.80
2 2.36mm 21.5 2.15 3.35 96.65
3 1.18mm 140.5 14.05 17.4 82.60
4 600µ 318.5 31.85 48.9 51.50
5 300 µ 409 40.90 89.9 10.2
6 150µ 86.5 6.85 98.45 1.55
7 Pan 11 1.1 -
F.M.=2.59%
 3.7Material preparation

3.8 Compressive strength test

Compressive strength:
825
  σ= =24.44Mpa
33.75

3.1.1 Tensile strength of concrete

The tensile strength of concrete is one of the basic and important properties
which greatly affect the extent and size of cracking in structures. Moreover,
the concrete is very weak in tension due to its brittle nature. Hence. it is not expected to resist
the direct tension. So, concrete develops cracks when tensile forces exceed its tensile strength.

Therefore, it is necessary to determine the tensile strength of concrete

to determine the load at which the concrete members may crack.Furthermore, splitting
tensile strength test on concrete cylinder is a method to determine the tensile strength
of concrete. The procedure based on the ASTM C496 (Standard Test Method of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimen) which similar to other codes link IS 5816 1999.

Concrete Grade=M25
Type of cement=OPC 53Grade IS12269
Volume of concrete=
Weight of cement= 9kg
Volume of water= 2.90 lit.
F.A. = 18 kg
C.A. = 36 kg
 Table-5

Total weight=3 kg
Sr. no. Sieve size Mass Percentage Cum. % Percentage
Retained(kg Retained(kg) Retained Passing
)
1 20mm 0 0 0 100
2 12.5mm 2.1865 72.822 72.89 22.117
3 10mm 0.6745 22.483 95.37 4.634
4 4.75mm 0.1300 4.33 99.69 0.31
5 Pan 0.0090 0.3 0
∑=267.93 F.M.=7.68

Table-6
Total weight= 1kg
Sr. I.S. Sieve Size Mass Retained Percentage Cum. % Percentage
no. (grams) Retained Retained Passing
1 4.7mm 12 1.2 1.2 98.80
2 2.36mm 21.5 2.15 3.35 96.65
3 1.18mm 140.5 14.05 17.4 82.60
4 600µ 318.5 31.85 48.9 51.50
5 300 µ 409 40.90 89.9 10.2
6 150µ 86.5 6.85 98.45 1.55
7 Pan 11 1.1 -
F.M.=2.59%

3.1.2 Water absorption test of bamboo

Fig. 3.9: Water absorption test of bamboo

Table-7 Observation Table

Sample-1 Sample-2
Wt. of sample (gm) 7.5 7
Wt of saturated surface dry (gm) 8.5 8.0
Wt. of oven dry 8 6.5

Calculation
Avg. of W1 = 7.5 + 8.5+ 8.0
= 24 gm
 Avg. of W2 = 7+ 8+ 6.5
= 21.5 gm
W 1−W 2
Water absorption = ×100
W2
24−21.5
= ×100
21.5
= 11.62 %
Table-8 Permissible limit for moisture content of different
bamboo species

3.1.3 Workability test of concrete

To determine the workability of fresh concrete by slump test as per IS: 1199 – 1959.

Procedure:

1. The internal surface of the mould is thoroughly cleaned and applied with a light
coat of oil.
2. The mould is placed on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and nonabsorbent surface.
3. The mould is then filled in four layers with freshly mixed concrete, each
approximately to one-fourth of the height of the mould.
4. Each layer is tamped 25 times by the rounded end of the tamping rod (strokes are
distributed evenly over the cross section).
5. After the top layer is rodded, the concrete is struck off the level with a trowel.
6. The mould is removed from the concrete immediately by raising it slowly in the
vertical direction.
7. The difference in level between the height of the mould and that of the highest
point of the subsided concrete is measured.
8. This difference in height in mm is the slump of the concrete.
 Fig.3.10 slump test

Result:

The shape of the slump is true slump and the slump value is 102 mm.

3.1.4 Split cylinder test

Procedure:
o Initially, take the wet specimen from water after 7, 14, 28 of curing; or any desired
age at which tensile strength to be estimated.

o Then, wipe out water from the surface of specimen

o After that, draw diametrical lines on the two ends of the specimen to ensure that they
are on the same axial place.

o Next, record the weight and dimension of the specimen.

o Set the compression testing machine for the required range.

o Place plywood strip on the lower plate and place the specimen.

o Align the specimen so that the lines marked on the ends are vertical and centered over
the bottom plate.

o Place the other plywood strip above the specimen.

o Bring down the upper plate so that it just touch the plywood strip.

o Apply the load continuously without shock at a rate within the range 0.7 to 1.4
MPa/min (1.2 to 2.4 MPa/min based on IS 5816 1999)

o Finally, note down the breaking load(P)

Calculations:

Calculate the splitting tensile strength of the specimen as follows:

T= 2P/ π LD

Where:

T = splitting tensile strength, MPa

 P: maximum applied load indicated by the testing machine,N

D: diameter of the specimen, 150 mm

L: length of the specimen, 300 mm

Fig.3.11 placing of reinforcement

o Identification number
o Diameter and length, mm
o Maximum load, Ns
o Splitting tensile strength calculated to the nearest 0.05 MPa
o Estimated proportion of coarse aggregate fractured during test
o Age of specimen
o Curing history
o Defects in specimen
o Type of fracture
o Lastly, type of specimen

Table-9 Observation table for flexural strength

POINT FLEXURAL STRENGTH

ELEMENT REINFORCEMENT
(Mpa)
Average
7 day 14day 28day

1% 2.24 2.64 2.84 2.57

RCC N/mm2
Beam N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2

Bamboo 6% 2.22 2.82 3.02 2.68

reinforce N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
d
concrete
Beam
Result: 
Splitting tensile strength of R.C.C. = 2.57 N/mm²
Splitting tensile strength of Bamboo reinforced concrete = 2.68 N/mm²
Chapter-4
Cost analysis of RCC and BRC

TABLE 10: COST ANALYSIS RCC AND BRC

COST ANALYSIS RCC & BRC

Reinforced concrete member RCC
Item Cement Sand Aggregate Steel Binding Total cost
reinforcement stirrups per
specimen
Weight 4 6.5 18 4 no. of 1
(Kg) 8mmØ#
Amount 6 3 3 Rs.18.8/meter 60 212 Rs.
(Rs.)
Cost 24 19.5 54 56.40 60
(Rs.)
Remar Rudra TMT bars of 8mm Ø is used.
k

Bamboo reinforced concrete member

Item Cemen Sand Aggregat Bamboo Binding Total cost
t e reinforcement stirrups per
specimen
Weight 4 6.5 18 1no.of 1
(Kg) 40mmØ#
Amount 6 3 3 Rs.14/ 60 199.5Rs.
(Rs.) Meter
Cost 24 19.5 54 42 60
(Rs.)
Remark Bambusa balcooa is used as a reinforcement.
 CONCLUSION

 The need of alternative building materials has arisen in the past few years. Fortunately,
there are many such options available at our disposal which when used in suitable
combinations can save huge amounts of money and hence can result in affordable
construction costs. One such building material is the use of ‘bamboo’ as reinforcement.
Bamboo, low cost, fast growing and broad distribution of growth are expected to contribute
significantly to earthquake-resistant construction.

 It is found that, the tensile strength of Bamboo reinforced concrete beam gives about 0.11%
higher value than RCC Beam.

 It’s also found that, we can reduce the construction cost by using bamboo as reinforcement.
 REFERENCES
Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Construction, Port Hueneme, California By Francis E. Brink
and Paul J. Rush, February 1966

Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete elements, Pontificia Universidade Catolica,

PUC-Rio, Rua Marques de Sa˜o Vicente 225, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,4 June 2004
Bamboo stick concrete, Mahavir balmukund Varma, April 2018

Bolted bamboo joints reinforcement with fibres, Ali awaludina,27 December 2014.

Durability analysis of bamboo as concrete reinforcement, Humberto C. Lima. Jr, Fabio L.

Willrich, Normando P. Barbosa, June 2008

Experimental investigation on emically treated bamboo reinforcement concrete beams and

columns,Atul Agarwal, Bhardwaj Nanda, DamodarMaity, 4 September 2014

Engineered bamboo for structural applications, Bhavna Sharma, Ana Gatóo, Maximilian
Bock, Michael Ramage, 29 January 2015

IS-456(2000): Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice.

IS-1199(1959): Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete.

IS-5816 (1999): Method of Test Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete.

Properties and classifications of bamboo for construction of buildings, 1.Aisha

HaladuBornoma2.Muhamed Faruq 3.Moveh Samuel, 04 September 2016

The potential of bamboo as building material in organic shaped building, EstiAsihNurdiah, 6

January 2016