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Khi động từ chính trong câu là have, hoặc câu bắt đầu bằng there…, here….
ta cũng dùng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn với to V.
Ví dụ:
We have many games that we can play.
= We have many games to play.
Chúng ta có rất nhiều trò chơi để chơi.
3. Lưu ý về các cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh
Cần lưu ý một số điều sau:
Xác định động từ là chủ động hay bị động, tránh rút gọn nhầm dạng V-
ing và V-ed.
Với động từ chủ động, nếu sau khi rút gọn mà động từ trở thành being
thì chúng ta có thể lược bỏ being luôn (đây cũng là dạng rút gọn bằng
danh từ/tính từ)
Ví dụ:
The man who is in charge of this project is my boss.
= The man being in charge of this project is my boss.
= The man in charge of this project is my boss
Người đàn ông chịu trách nhiệm dự án này là sếp tôi.
Exercise 1:
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the
teacher yesterday.
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are
weightless.
9. All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
14. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
19. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
Exercise 2:
1. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
The man talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
Do you see the notice warning people not to enter the military zone?
9. The pilot was the only one who survived in the air crash.
The pilot was the only one to survive in the air crash
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
13. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it
with.
I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open it with
15. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who
goes.
16. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
17. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
18. Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center
in Southeast Asia.
19. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage
here.
21. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.