1.

Native Language - The native language is

clearly the most influential factor affecting a
learner’s pronunciation.

2.Age - Children under the age of puberty

generally stand and excellent chance of
“sounding like a native “ if they have continued
exposure in authentic contexts.

3. Exposure - It is difficult to define exposure.

One can actually live in a foreign country for
some time but not take advantage of being “with
the people”.
•Innate phonetic ability -The common view is
that some language learners are able to
discriminate between two sounds more accurately
and imitate sounds better than others.
•Identity and Language Ego- Another influence
is one’s attitude toward speakers of the target
language and the extent to which the language ego
identifies with those speakers.
•Motivation and Concern for good Pronunciation
-Some learners will achieve nativelike
pronunciation when their intrinsic motivation is
high.
 Phonetic ability- Specific factor influencing
and sound influenced by factor such as voice
quality and how the learners good to speak.
Attitude identity - Learners with attitude
have an impact on the level of language
proficiency achieved by individual of learners
speaking.
Accent- Characteristic way in which a
language is pronounced.

Speak with enthusiasm - The feeling of

excitement must come through as deliver.
Motivation- Learners forced to learn
or they do want to learn on how to
be a good speaker.

Teaching Strategies- To develop

speaking ability of the learners.

Positive Thinking- Huge difference to

success of communication, since it
helps their more confidence.
Problem that language
learners face during
speaking.
1. Lack of Confidence in Speaking English Language
Lack of confidence is also one of the reasons by which the
students cannot speak English language in public.
Self-Confidence plays a very important role in speaking
English language. If the students didn’t believe and
confident in themselves then they cannot speak English
fluently.
For example:
If the students are worried about making mistakes in
speaking, So, the teachers have to teach them that no one
can be born perfectly, everyone learns from their mistakes.
2. Shyness in Speaking English Language

Shyness is also one of the biggest factors by which

the students cannot speak English language. It’s a
kind of feeling which students feel while speaking
English language.
For example:
They are unwilling to be in front of their teachers
and their friends. By shyness, they are unable to
speak what they are thinking and what they want to
speak.
3. Lack of Motivation in Students in Speaking English Language
Lack of motivation is also one of the reasons students cannot speak
English language. Motivation plays a very important role in speaking
English language.
Motivation can be driven by the teachers, other students, and also
our parents. But some of them can’t give time to motivate us very well
to speak English language.
4. Nervous in Speaking English Language in Public
Nervousness and anxiety are also one of the reasons behind the
students who cannot speak English language in public or in front of
people.
By nervousness, the students feel uncomfortable and confuse in
speaking English language and communicating in English language in
public.
5. Fear of Making Mistakes When Speaking English
Language
Learning English language is a means of learning how to
communicate with other people in speaking English language.
Sometimes, students are afraid of making mistakes in
speaking English that their mates laugh at them or looking
silly in front of their mates, or even criticize them in the
classroom.

REMEMBER!

“Making mistakes is a normal thing. No one is born perfect,

everyone makes mistakes” motivate, be motivated, speak
confidently , fight your fears and be a fluent English
speaker.
Lack of Vocabulary

There were some factors that caused students' difficulties in

learning vocabulary

(1) the written form is different from the spoken form in English,

(2) The number of words that students need to learn is

exceedingly large,

(3) the limitations of sources of information about words,

(4) The complexity of word knowledge.

Some kids struggle to learn new vocabulary
words because they struggle with language in
general. They might have trouble expressing
their thoughts and ideas using spoken.This is
called expressive language.
Managing Speech
Anxiety
Speaking anxiety is incredibly common. For many, it represents
simply a fear of public speaking Glossophobia, For others, it may
be a fear of speaking at all in any sort of public situation, including
when you're out with your friends.

Managing - having executive or supervisory control or authority:

Speech - the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and

feelings by articulate sounds: a formal address or discourse
delivered to an audience.

Anxiety - a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically

about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.

Public speaking - skills refer to the talent of effectively

addressing an audience. Whether it is in front of a group of people
you already know or a crowd of complete strangers
When you get nervous while speaking, your mind has a
tendency to cause significant negative self-talk, while also
increasing the likelihood that you see negative reactions in
others. This is the direct result of living with anxiety, and
it is something that you can improve if you treat it
correctly.

Symptoms of speech anxiety

● Speech anxiety can range from a slight feeling of

“nerves” to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the
most common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking,
sweating, butterflies in the stomach, dry mouth, rapid
heartbeat, and squeaky voice.
A Common Phobia That is Tough to Treat

The fear of speaking in public is incredibly common, over

25% of people report anxiety related to public speaking.
Even those who are not necessarily anxious about other
things may find themselves having some degree of anxiety
when it comes to having to speak in front of a crowd.

While a fear of public speaking is very common there are

also some some specific strategies that you can use to help
make it easier. One of the first things that you can do is
understand some of the causes for your public speaking
anxiety.
What Causes Speaking Anxiety?

There are a number of reasons that a person may experience anxiety

about public speaking. Before you learn how to manage it, it is
important to realize exactly what causes this type of anxiety.
➢ Hyperarousal Those who suffer from anxiety experience a
heightened state of arousal which can leave them with an
overwhelming sense of fear. This fear impacts their ability to feel
comfortable in front of others, which makes public speaking a
difficult task. Some research suggests that those who experience
anxiety in other areas are more prone to be anxious about public
speaking.
➢ Inexperience with Socializing Speaking in front of others is
something you can get used to. Great public speakers are often
(although not always) great socializers. If you struggle with
socializing then it makes sense that you would also struggle with
public speaking. The more frequently you talk to others the easier
you may find it to speak in public.
➢ Lack of Experience This can go hand in hand with inexperience around

socializing. Just like how more socializing can make you feel more

comfortable with speaking in public, so can more experience with public

speaking. The more experience you get with getting up in front of a

crowd and talking, the more confident you will get in your abilities, which

can lessen your anxiety about it.

➢ Negative Self-Talk This is a serious problem for those with public

speaking fears. They imagine worst case scenarios. They may over-

analyze what occurred when speaking publicly, trying to find all of the

ways they messed up. Everyone misspeaks sometimes, so you're likely

going to find something no matter what, and whatever you find is then

used as evidence that your speaking anxiety is warranted.

➢ Poor Planning It may sound silly, but many people with a
fear of public speaking also practice less than those
without the fear. That's because they experience anxiety
while practicing and try very hard to avoid that anxiety.
Unfortunately that may cause them to be less prepared.

➢ Lack of Friendships Finally, an often forgotten part

about public speaking is that overall confidence in
yourself plays a role. Studies have shown that strong
friendships make people more confident. Those that don't
feel as though they're fully supported by those around
them may experience more anxiety than those that know
their friends are going to be there for them no matter
how they do.
Fear of public speaking: How to
overcome it?
Fear of public speaking is a common form of anxiety. It can range from slight nervousness to
paralyzing fear and panic.

Nervousness or anxiety in certain situations is normal, and public speaking is no

exception. Known as performance anxiety, other examples include stage fright,
test anxiety and writer's block. But people with severe performance anxiety
that includes significant anxiety in other social situations may have social
anxiety disorder (also called social phobia)
● Know your topic- The better you understand what you're talking about —
and the more you care about the topic — the less likely you'll make a
mistake or get off track.
● Get organized- Ahead of time, carefully plan out the information you
want to present, including any props, audio or visual aids.
● Practice, and then practice some more- Practice your complete
presentation several times.
● Challenge specific worries - When you're afraid of
something, you may overestimate the likelihood of bad
things happening.
● Visualize your success - Imagine that your presentation
will go well.
● Do some deep breathing - This can be very calming.
● Focus on your material, not on your audience - People
mainly pay attention to new information — not how it's
presented. They may not notice your nervousness.
● Don't fear a moment of silence - If you lose track of
what you're saying or start to feel nervous and your mind
goes blank, it may seem like you've been silent for an
eternity.
● Recognize your success - After your speech or
presentation, give yourself a pat on the back.
● Get support - Join a group that offers support for
people who have difficulty with public speaking.
If you can't overcome your fear with practice alone, consider
seeking professional help.

Before the presentation,

Practice! There is no substitute for this.

Get a good night's sleep.

Familiarize yourself with the presentation setting and context.

Visualize yourself doing a good job.

Develop a strong opening that can help increase your confidence.

Write cues to yourself on your note cards (e.g., "smile," "deep

breath," etc.)
During the presentation,

Take several deep breaths just before starting.

View the audience as your friends.

Work on maintaining good eye contact, as it helps you

become more confident.

Keep water handy.

Don't be afraid to take a moment if you need to collect

your thoughts.

Have fun! Enjoy this opportunity to share your expertise

with other people.
Overcoming Speaking Anxiety is the First Step

It can be a bit of a challenge to overcome speaking anxiety, specifically

because it is so easy to avoid most situations where it is necessary. But if

you continue to work at it, you'll often find that in the end you can speak

in public much better than you ever could in the past.

Still, make sure that you also take steps to reduce your overall anxiety.

Anxiety is a cumulative disorder, and if you continue to experience severe

anxiety beyond speaking anxiety, you're likely to find it affecting your

ability to speak publicly as well.