Experiment No: 06

Experiment Name: Microwave Test Bench

Name: Qazi Mahabub-A-Rabbani

ID: 170021122

Lab Group: MW22

Answer: 01
A microwave test bench is an assembly of microwave measurement equipment. The test bench
can do all types of microwave measurements, including frequency, power, attenuation, and
VSWR

Answer: 02
Single block diagram of Microwave Testbench

Answer: 03
The Klystron Power Supply supplies the voltages needed to drive reflex Klystron tubes such as the 2k25.
It is a power source that is reliable, controlled, and short circuit protected. It has AM modulation, FM
modulation, and external modulating signal functionality. It generally displays the beam voltage, beam
current, and repelled voltage.

Klystron Mount Tube: This is made up of reflex klystron. It employs velocity modulation to convert a
continuous electron beam into matching microwave power.

Isolator: It only allows microwave signals to go in one way and stops those traveling in the opposite
direction. This is typically placed between the source and the remainder of the setup to avoid
overloading the source owing to reflected power.

Attenuator: An attenuator is a device that reduces the strength of a signal. It is used to attenuate
microwave signals using variable attenuation parameters selected by the user. Different levels of
attenuation can be specified. The microwave set employs a variable attenuator. The variable attenuator
is made up of a strip of absorbent material that is positioned in such a manner that its profusion into the
guide is minimized. adjustable
Frequency meter: It is used to measure frequency. The way of measuring frequency is to utilize a cavity
whose size may be adjusted and which will resonate at a certain frequency for a given size. It is
essentially a cavity resonator.

Slotted Line Section: To sample the field in a wave guide, a thin longitudinal slot with trimming is cut on
the top of the wave guide's broader dimension to provide a smoother impedance transition and
therefore decrease mismatch. This type of section is referred to as a slotted wave guide section. In order
to cover as many minima of the standing wave pattern as possible, the slot is frequently several wave
lengths long.

VSWR Meter: It is used to measure standing waves with an appropriate detector and slotted line (or
waveguide) section. A basic SWR meter has a standard tuned frequency of 100 Hz, which is of course
changeable throughout a range of roughly 5 to 10% for accurate matching in the source modulation
frequency. It is meant to avoid harmonics of line frequency.

Load: Matched loads are microwave components that absorb all power that falls on them. The matched
loads are mostly used to test components and circuits for optimal power transmission.

Answer: 04
The microwave test bench includes a variety of devices capable of performing a wide range of
measurements. The bench may be erected or dismantled in a variety of ways to suit different
investigations. The measurements include: frequency, power, attenuation, VSWR, analysis of
passive microwave devices, and plotting active device properties.

Answer: 05
The voltage standing wave ratio, or VSWR, is the ratio of a lossless line's highest to minimum
voltage. The VSWR is used to calculate the number of standing waves on a feeder. Standing
waves are power that is bounced back along the transmission line or feeder because it is not
absorbed by the load. In reality, any feeder or transmission line will suffer a loss. To compute
the VSWR, the forward and reverse power at that spot on the system is detected and converted
to a VSWR figure. Because the VSWR is measured at a given point, the voltage maxima and
minima do not need to be established over the length of the line. An SWR meter may be used
to measure VSWR directly. An RF test instrument, such as a vector network analyzer (VNA), can
be used to measure the reflection coefficients of the input port (S11) and the output port (S12)
(S22). VSWR measurements utilizing transmitter power and test instrument stimulation VSWR
measurements