Over Voltage and Under Voltage Control System of Induction Motor

An Induction motor is one of the most significant electromechanical equipment, so it needs protection against
voltage instability. Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating
condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most
system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact. Voltage stability refers to the ability of
a power system to maintain steady voltages at all electrical buses in the system after being subjected to a
disturbance.

An over voltage condition in an induction motor occurs when the voltage in the motor rises above its upper design
limit. Such occurrence in the system damages sensitive electronic and electrical devices which are designed to
operate within predesigned rated voltages. Consequently during under-voltage condition, an induction motor is also
heated up quickly because the torque and the speed of the induction motor are correspondingly be reduced, hence
causing an increase in induction motor current. It is therefore desirable to protect electrical installation zones against
over voltage and/or under voltage condition to minimize risk of damage to induction motor connected to the
electrical installation zones.
The dangers of power fluctuation on electrical equipment is a serious problem. An essential concern in an induction
motor protection is the high cost of the motor and the relative downtime cost when induction motor and other
relevant equipment fails during voltage instability. Under voltage and over voltage are the main types of voltage
instability. Power fluctuations especially in Ethiopia prompted the consumers to suffer from these inefficiencies
which often times detrimental to the life of every power utility installations aside from the discomfort of power
brown-outs.

In this project to design and simulate under voltage and over voltage protection system for an induction motor. To
design the over voltage and under voltage protection system, design transformer, bridge rectifier, voltage sensor,
voltage regulator, transistor, relay and to simulate the over voltage and under voltage protection system using
Proteus professional, Arduino in accordance to the established design parameters.

In this project the transformer, bridge rectifier, microcontroller, voltage regulator, voltage sensor, transistor, power
supply, switch, and induction motor are interconnected to perform circuit protection from over voltage and under
voltage occurrence. The primary winding of the 220v AC transformer is connected to a variable AC input voltage
and the output is connected to an induction motor. At the primary side of the transformer is a step down transformer
and which is step down from 220v to 12v AC. By the helping of bridge rectifier it is converted to a pure 12v DC at
the secondary side of the transformer. While monitoring the induction motor parameters, whenever the induction
motor voltage exceeds high voltage, the microcontroller detects an over voltage and it sends a trip signal to the
switch, thereby protecting the induction motor from damage.