MATHEMATICS

LENGTH, MASS, CAPACITY AND TIME

MegaNotes

● Distance
○ 1 km = 1000 m
○ 1 m = 100 cm
○ 1 cm = 10 mm
● Mass
○ 1 kg = 1000 g
○ 1 tonne = 1000 kg
● Capacity
○ 1 l = 1000 ml
● Time
○ 1 hr = 60 mins = 3600 s
○ 1 min = 60 s
● Speed

○
Average speed = Distance / Time
○
Distance = Speed x Time
○
Time = Distance / Speed
○
When the distance is in ‘kilometres’ and the time is in ‘hours’,
the speed is measured in ‘km/hr’
○ When the distance is in ‘metres’ and the time is in ‘seconds’, the
speed is measured in ‘m/s’
● Compound measures
○ They are measures made up of mixed units
○ Examples
■ Kilometres per hour
 ■ Metres per second
■ Grams per millilitre

TESSELLATIONS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND LOCI

● A Tessellation is a pattern made up of identical shapes

● Tessellation rule

This is the reason why some shapes tessellate and some don’t
● Tessellating: No gaps between the shapes
Not tessellating: Gaps between the shapes
● Examples
○ A tessellation made of hexagons
 ○ A pattern made of a shape that doesn’t tessellate

● Shape Transformation

The types:
● Translation
○ When you translate a shape on a coordinate grid, you can
describe its movement with a column vector

The number on the top shows the movement of the

shape along the x axis- to right or left,
The number in the bottom shows the movement of the
shape along the y axis- towards top or bottom
● Reflection
○ Reflection is the mirroring of a shape along a mirror line
○ Example question: Reflect triangle ABC along the line “x=-2”
 ○ Example answer:

The triangle (original shape) on the left is the ‘object’

The triangle (shape formed) on the right is the ‘image’
● Rotation
○ A rotation is a type of transformation that takes each point in a
figure and rotates it a certain number of degrees and a specified
direction around a given point.
○ Method
1. Rotate Shape ABC for 90 degrees anticlockwise with (-1, -2) as
the centre of rotation

2. Draw a line between one of the points of the shape and the
centre of rotation
3. Consider that line as the diagonal of a rectangle, and draw a
rectangle around it

4. Now, rotate the rectangle for 90 degrees anti-clockwise

 5. Do the same for the rest of the points. Here are the results

● Enlargement
○ Definition

○ How to find the centre of enlargement?

Connect the points of the shape and the image. The common
intersecting point is the centre of enlargement
○ How to enlarge a shape?
Use the rules below to enlarge
1. The length of the sides of the shapes should be: (enlargement
factor x original length of the side)
2. The distance of the vertices of the image from the centre of
 enlargement should be (enlargement factor) times of the shape

If these rules are satisfied and followed, then the

enlargement is correct.

● Drawing a locus
○ A LOCUS is a set of points that follow a given rule. The plural of
locus is loci
○ The locus of a point is a circle, with the specified radius length
equal to that of the specified locus length
○ The locus of a straight LINE (no end) is a set of parallel lines on
top of and below the line, they have the same distance from the
line as that of the specified locus length
○ The locus of a LINE SEGMENT is like this:

GRAPHS

● Equation of a line: y= mx + c
● Gradient = m = Change in y / change in x = Rise/Run
● y = Value of ‘y’ in the coordinate of the point
x = Value of ‘x’ in the coordinate of the point
m = Gradient or slope of the graph
c = y-intercept of the line
● Methods to draw a graph
○ Tables of values
○ Using the gradient and the y-intercept
○ Using the x and y intercept
● A set of simultaneous equations can be solved by drawing graphs.
Firstly, the lines of each of the equations should be plotted. The
coordinates of their point of intersection denotes the value of x and y
● When two variables are in direct proportion, the graph of the relation
is a straight line through the origin
● Graphs can be used to solve real-life problems
● Please go through 18.5 and 18.6 worked out examples and exercise
sums