Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 9

Safety Every
MOMENTum
Quarter 4 Week 3 Module 1
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to
real-life situations.

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

 Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Parts of the Module

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and
other competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending
on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATIONS
After you finish this module, you are expected to:
1. describe momentum and impulse;
2. apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to real life situations
(interaction between a stationary body and a moving body);
3. apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to real-life situations
(interaction between two objects moving in the same and opposite
directions);
4. apply the Law of Conservation of Momentum to real-life situations (recoil
interactions); and
5. distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions.

Let us power up our minds, fill it with knowledge, develop our

PRE-TEST skills and be a life-long learner ready to face challenges!
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct then write it down on a piece of paper.

1. Which of the following shows the highest momentum?

A. refrigerator at the corner C. pillow on the bed
B. television set on table D. toy car moving across the room
2. Which of the following does NOT describe the momentum of a body?
A. Momentum is mass in motion. C. Momentum is expressed in kg-
m/s
B. Momentum is never conserved. D. Momentum is a vector quantity.
3. When bodies separate after a collision, which type of collision do they show?
A. Elastic collision C. Conserved collision
B. Inelastic collision D. Preserved collision
4. When force is applied on a body which of the following does NOT happen?
A. Velocity changes C. Momentum changes
B. mass changes D. all of the above
5. When a body collides with another body their total momentum before the
collision is always the same as their total momentum after the collision. This
statement is ____.
A. True B. False C. Incomplete D. Uncertain

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Picking Moment: Choose and explain your answer.
1. Which is easier to push, A or B? Why?

2. When bodies collide which of the following happens? Why?

A. they act a force upon each other B. their velocities change

3. Which car is more difficult to stop? Why?

A. Slow - moving car B. fast- moving car

LESSON 1: MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE AT A GLANCE
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Juan Dela Cruz is watching the PBA Finals with his
father. For Juan, this is exciting because he will be watching
his idol play! Suddenly the announcer said, “the team is
keeping its momentum! And the opponent is in trouble.”
Juan wondered what the announcer meant. Would you like
to know what the announcer meant?
The word momentum is common in sports. It specifically means
that the one who has momentum is “on the move.” In Physics, momentum
is a characteristic of any moving body hence, “a mass in motion.”. Every
moving body has momentum equal to the product of its mass and
velocity. It can be expressed in kg-m/s or g -cm/s. Momentum is a vector
quantity that takes the direction of the velocity.
Juan sees his idol dribbling the ball fast toward the opponent! If the
two players collide… then an injury may result! How much injury will
they get? Well, that depends on the change in their momentum.
Collision causes the force to act on interacting bodies resulting in a
change in momentum. This change in
momentum also known as an
impulse can be expressed in N-s or
kg-m/s. The amount of impulse is the
product of the applied force and the
time of impact.

Understanding the concept of momentum and impulse is vital in

realizing the effects of collisions that happen in real life. Some collisions
are desirable while most are not since they may result to injuries. For
safety reasons, motorcycle riders are required by law to wear helmets and
front-seat passengers use seatbelts because these mechanisms prolong
time and reduce impact.
Activity 1: Momentum Quantified
Objective: Calculate the momentum of a body.
Materials: Table of hypothetical data
Procedure: Complete each data table and answer the questions that follow.
I. Varying mass at constant velocity
Mass, m Velocity, v Momentum, p
(kg) (m/s) Kg-m/s
1.0 0.5
2.0 0.5
4.0 0.5
5.0 0.5
Questions:
1. At constant velocity, how does the mass of the body affect the
momentum?
2. If the mass is doubled, what happens to the momentum?
3. If the mass is reduced to one-half, what happens to the momentum?
4. Construct a momentum-mass graph. Describe the graph.
5. How does the momentum relate to the mass of the body?
II. Varying velocity at constant mass
Mass, m Velocity, v Momentum, p
(kg) (m/s) Kg-m/s
1.0 0.5
1.0 1.0
1.0 2.0
1.0 5.0
Questions:
1. At constant mass, how does the velocity of the body affect its
momentum?
2. If the velocity is doubled, what happens to the momentum?
3. If the mass is halved, what happens to the momentum?
4. Construct a momentum-velocity mass. Describe the graph.
5. How does the graph relate to the velocity of the body?

LESSON 2: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The concept of
momentum and impulse
are particularly important
in understanding
collisions and explosions
that happen in real-life.
Almost every day, there is
at least one report of
vehicular accidents.
Investigators of such
incidents consider factors
like speed, load or mass, human error due to alcohol intake or drowsiness, and
mechanical problems like loss of brake control. Bodies involved in collision change
their individual momentum, however the total momentum is conserved. This
means that the total momentum of the colliding bodies before they collide is the
same as their total momentum after the collision.
Collision between bodies can be classified as elastic or inelastic. When
bodies separate and move apart after the contact, like those of the billiard balls,
the collision is said to be elastic. If the bodies move together as one after the
contact, inelastic collision is observed. In both cases, the momentum is

conserved.

The Law of Conservation of Momentum is likewise observed during explosions

like in gun-firing or in fireworks display. In gun-firing, the
total momentum of the bullet and gun before firing is zero.
When fired, the bullet gains forward momentum and the recoil
(kick) of the gun is felt by the person. This
recoil gives the gun an equal momentum in
the opposite direction thus, the total
momentum is still zero. In fireworks display, the symmetry of
the fireworks is the result of the explosions to the right being
equal to the explosions to the left. The total momentum of the
exploding particles is equal but in opposite directions.

Activity 2: Momentum Balance

Objective: Compare the total momentum of an isolated system (no external force
acts) before and after collision.
Materials: Problem Set
Procedure: Solve each problem diligently.

1. A 5.0 kg bowling ball is hurled along the alley with a speed of 6.0 m/s hits a single
 1.64 g pin.
a. Calculate the total momentum of the system before collision.
b. Compare the total momentum before and after the collision.
c. Why would the pin move after it was hit by the ball?

2. A car and motorcycle of the same speed collided head on in an intersection.

a. Compare the total momentum before and after the collision.
b. Which of the two vehicles has a greater momentum?
c. Which of the two has a greater change in momentum after collision?
d. Which would exert greater impact upon the other?

3. A pull-back toy car is moved backwards before it is released.

Compare its momentum when it was moved backwards and
when it was released.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. How can these balls attain equal momentum?

2. How is it possible to break the object with just an arm?

3. Explain how the headrest and seatbelt reduce injury during collision.

REMEMBER ER
• Momentum, p is a characteristic of moving bodies. It is a mass in motion
calculated by multiplying the mass and the velocity of the body. It is a vector
quantity that takes the direction of the velocity. In equation: p = mv. It is
usually measured in kg-m/s or g-cm/s.
• Momentum is directly proportional to both the mass and the velocity of the
body, so, increasing the mass twice at constant velocity doubles the momentum;
while decreasing the velocity to half at constant mass reduces the momentum to
half.
• Impulse, I is the change of the momentum of a body. It is the product of the
force applied and the time during which the force is acted upon the body. It is
expressed in N-s or kg-m/s.
• Objects that collide experience an impulse. The impact and the extent of
damage on interacting bodies depend on the amount of change in momentum.
 • Elastic collision causes the bodies to separate after interaction while inelastic
collision causes the bodies to stick together and move as one after the collision.
• The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of
isolated system before collision is equal to the total momentum after collision.
An isolated system does not experience outside force.

p1 = p2
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’
• Understanding the nature of collisions help people design cars and sports
equipment that promote safety.
• Safety can be promoted by utilizing materials or mechanisms that increase
time before bodies collide.

Are you excited to know your progress in this module? Well, answer the post test and find
it out yourself. Good luck!
POST TEST

I. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following can best increase the momentum of a system?
A. increase the mass C. increase both mass and velocity
B. increase the velocity D. increase the time of motion
2. A 10-kg cart initially at rest is pushed with a force of 15N in 2 sec. Which of the
following is correct?
A. the initial momentum is 0 C. The final momentum is 15 kg-m/s
B. The impulse is 15 N-s D. All of the above
3. If the load of a truck is tripled and it has to travel, which of the following must the
driver keep in mind to stay safe?
A. the truck’s momentum is tripled at usual velocity
B. it is more difficult to stop the truck at usual velocity
C. Reducing speed lowers momentum
D. All of the above
4. During competitions and exhibitions, gymnasts put the mattress on the floor as a
safety protocol. Which of the following explains the principle?
A. The mattress increases time the force acted on the body.
B. The mattress reduces time the force acts on the body.
C. The mattress increases impulse on the body
D. The mattress reduces the momentum of the body.
5. How can a body achieve an equal momentum with another body twice its mass?
A. maintain its velocity C. reduce its velocity by ½
B. double its velocity D. reduce its velocity by one-third
6. Which is true about elastic collision?
A. bodies stick together after collision C. Momentum is increased
B. bodies separate after collision D. Kinetic energy is decreased
7. How much momentum does a 0.002 kg marble have when thrown with a velocity of
4 m/s?
A. 0 008 kg-m/s C. 4.002kg-m/s
B. 0.0005 kg-m/s D. 2000 kg-m/s
 ANSWER KEY
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
PRE TEST
1. A, because a body with lower mass has less inertia as stated
1. D by the Law of Inertia, the First Law of Motion
2. B 2. A, because when a body acts a force on another, an equal and
3. A opposite force of reaction is exerted as stated by the Law of
4. B Inter-action, the Third Law of Motion
5. A B, because force exerted changes the velocities of interacting
bodies as stated by the Law of Acceleration, the Second Law of
Motion
3. B, because the fast-moving car has more inertia in motion due
to greater speed

ACTIVITY 1
1. Varying mass at constant velocity
A. Increasing mass, increases the momentum of
Mass Velocity Momentum a body
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) B. When mass is doubled, momentum is
1.0 0.5 0.5 also doubled.
C. if mass is reduced to one-half, the
2.0 0.5 1.0
momentum is also reduced to one-half
4.0 0.5 2.0 D. The momentum-mass graph is a straight
5.0 0.5 2.5 diagonal
E. Momentum is directly proportional to the mass
2. Varying velocity at constant mass
Mass Velocity Momentum A. At constant mass, increase in velocity increases
(kg) (m/s) (kg m/s) momentum of a body.
1.0 0.5 0.5 B. When velocity is doubled, momentum is also
doubled.
2.0 0.5 1.0 C. If velocity is halved, momentum is also halved.
4.0 0.5 2.0 D. The momentum velocity graph is straight diagonal
5.0 0.5 2.5 E. Momentum is directly proportional to the velocity
 ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 2
1. A.

B.

C. The pin would move after it was hit because the force exerted on it changed its
momentum.

2. A. The total momentum before collision is equal to the total momentum after
collision as stated by the Law of conservation of Momentum.
B. Since the two have equal velocities, the car has a greater momentum because it is
heavier than the motorcycle.
C. After collision, the motorcycle experiences a greater change in momentum.
D. The car exerts greater impact on the motorcycle due to greater mass.
E.
3. The backward and forward momenta are equal.
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
1. The balls of varying masses can obtain equal momentum by adjusting their
velocities.
2. The force exerted on the bricks can be increased by applying the force quickly.
3. The headrest and the seatbelt reduce the force upon impact because they prolong
the time before the body hits a surface.

POST TEST
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7.A
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writer: Nelly M. Barbosa, MT II, Carlos P. Garcia High School
Editors:
Reviewers:
Management Team: