lg DepED SCIENCE Quarter 3 - Module 3 Climate Aurora A. Franco, EdD#* What | Need to Know This module will help you understand how global climate changes due to natural and anthropogenic factors. This module will also discuss in depth the effects of both global warming and climate change not only to the environment but also to the society. Through the activities provided in this lesson, you will be able to make and implement your own plans to combat global warming and climate change. After reading and answering the activities in this module, you are expected to ° explain how different factors affect the climate of an area (S9ES-IIle-30); and describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level (S9ES-If-31). ‘W What | Know |. The statements below describe the factors that affect the climate. Write anthropogenic if it is caused by humans, write natural if it is a natural phenomenon. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on this module. Illegal loggers are indiscriminately cutting down trees on mountains . The sun heats up and evaporates seawater from the oceans . A volcano spews acidic gases and thick ashes hundreds of kilometers in the sky. . The ocean current controls and transfers heat from different bodies of water around the world. 5. Vehicle emissions contribute to the increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to the enhanced greenhouse effect. Il. Identify what is described in the statements on each number. Choose your answer from the word box below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on this module. Rona adaptation carbon dioxide coal global warming mitigation anthropogenic climate change EI Nifio | La Nifia natural 6. The fuel that is used in most fossil fuel power plants 7. The recurring natural phenomenon that is described as a long dry spell 8. These climate affecting factors do not involve human intervention 9. Acoping mechanism that braces for the incoming effects of climate change.brings a large amount of rainfall recurting natural phenomenon that u 40.The recurring ism that aims to reduce the carbon footprint of human activites Lane lescribed as rising global average temperature 13. Tmese re patim of cat that results fom mule factors Ke rising global average temperatures 45, The most common gree! nhouse gas that is emitted by human activities, &% What's In ch below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers per Do not write anything on this module. Read the paragral ‘on a separate sheet of Pa Geothermal energy is very Common in areas that have active voleances, such within the region called the Pacific Ring of Fire, The Philippines is one of les of countries that utilize geothermal energy. In fact, the Philippines iéwide in generation of electricity through geothermal energy. The | energy include lesser carbon footprint, sustainability, and " means that geothermal energy does not contribute to air po reason why a lot of scientists push for further development of geothermal energy in the country. as places the best exam 4 Why ist said that geothermal energy is a form of green energy? 2. Why is the Philippines an ideal country for the development of geothermal power? 3, Can utilization of geothermal power affect the atmosphere for the better? How? R What's New Study the set of words below. Your task in this activity is to choose the natural cisasters that can affect the atmosphere or Earth’s climate. Explain how the nat cisasters that you chose can affect the climate. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. loud seeding kaingin typhoon earthquake overfishing wildfire ilegal logging tsunami voleanic eruption % What Is It What Natural Factors Affect the Climate? Natural Factors Earths climate is undergone numerous ci However factors, including naturally occurring events. “ I cccuming presses ean att Ear ‘may have noticed in the What's New activity, even natur aeeere fects on te sme sphere wien can ato aot he ofthe natal tacts tat aft ease ae o Fores ri sts EI Nifo/La Nina phenomen« ic eruptions or emissions enon Volcanic eruptios ssi Solar Activities The sun serves as theo . 2 he source of most of te energy hats on Eth, Ek colecte tom sung he cate pate of Earh over he couse seh h ow tat he sun played rl in he chang cma However be tn oat Plays very little role in the current rapid change in the climate. ight on Earth (Source: Shutterstock/sumraeng 1age-photol640863246)Earth's climate discusses the is hypothesis explains that the ns in the atmosphere. This in iperature in the troposphere, pe sun fo Je pout the fet ne mente aye ozone and ds, Thi omnes UV rays affect the ozone concer shart wae Jou famaton and eves tm tm cul ae EIN 2 oN Ora eur phenomenon that produces extreme climate EL No I ate of the world. This phenomenon is also known as & condions m erent fas 1 Th occu inthe equatorial pat ofthe Pactie got ts name ftom the Spanish word "boy child” because i s cresimas season m eepande of warmer than average ooten’ Wale, This ‘wind shear, pressure, and humidity in a region. This resutts fe. usualy occur every vee 10 SE¥EN YRS, The we wien meane git eh in Spanish, Ths fl regions ta affects tt in drought or powerful counterpart phenomenon brings about intense fio leads to drought io affected regions (Source: jenna, htps ww shutterstock com/mage-photo(5S0237972) ‘Shutterstock Cloud Cover Clouds are made up of water droplets and ice crystals. They provide shade to the Earth's surface which can help reduce temperature. Also, clouds are responsible returning the water ffom the atmosphere back to the earth’s surface through tation. ‘The water vapor in the clouds and the atmosphere are also considered as greenhouse gas. They trap heat and bounce back heat that radiates from the pre surface of the earth. This hel VS helps in regulating the temperature of the surface. Hoes ‘curently @ huge debate if clouds contribute a ll to the enhanced Sreenhouse effect which leads to rapid climate change and global warming Cloves help regulate 5th ss Surface temperature on Eat trough precptton and g Gt om vough precpiaton and greenhouse Tea. Sauce: Shaesiron225, Moe shatesos commune see See Forests Forests themselves play a major rol the atmosphere. Remember, carbon dioxide isa gi absorb heat radiated from the surface of the ear from the atmosphere. This is the reason why aside from providing food and shelter for organi lating the carbon dioxide levels in eenhouse gas, it can reflect and th. Trees absorb carbon dioxide f8€8 are important in the ecosystem, isms. Forest fires release a huge amount of car tbon oxide into the atmosphere which can Contribuie to the enhanced greenhouse effect. (Source: Shulterstenk/Tosss ‘ips: wmw shutterstock comvimage-photo!1736351946) 5Jn sinks, which are identified bodies ata ack rs te aegis er ,ages more carbon dioxide than it cn ar a oo Ri ‘member, trees incorporate carbon into thelr cells, ang es Rome ret wr onyen, becoming caben desde n res ore what makes forest fires dangerous. Aside from destroying : aa certain area, they also release huge amounts of carbon a ae ne hie sen ears mer ‘can be carbor have two roles. They oreemore carbon dioxide thant the process. This i habitats and resources in dioxide into the atmosphere, heat is trapped on Earth. Volcanic Eruptions Voleanic eru organis' at can affect the climate as well as living Pe a lite geoosflased fn 8 voleane pe nclue Ir ne dionde, and sulur dioxide. Hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, carbon al @, helium, and hydrogen chloride are released in smaller ‘aggravate the enhanced greenhouse effect, as well as depending on how much of vos These gores can #007 aos pater edo, rot 9 maton cover the Sky Fate wes roieese byte votano The eruption of Mot unt Pinatubo on June 15, 1981 produced a plume that id released 15 milion tons of sulfur dioxide in iNg ash and toxic gas was made worse by lion is considered the second largest eruption Cesans also act as carbon sinks. Infact, they are one of the largest carbon sinks in he wor They hee cape) tsb cro carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. » Srnec, he Earth's “ocean curtent_map (Source: Wikimedia Public Dom Michael Pidwimy, hips: (lwikiOcean_curentsimedialFile-Cornentes-ocear ) Processing Questions > What are the negative effects of forest fre and destroying the habitat of animals? > How do oceans help regulate the climate?What Are the Anthropological Factors that Affect the Climate? Anthropogenic Factors Human activities ar environment as well as clim: ‘contribute to the change: This section will discuss the contributed the most to the rapid climate change ‘activities include the following: © Use of fossil fuels ‘¢ Deforestation Industrial and vehicle emissions re said to have been the cause for the rapid change in ‘ate over the past centuries. But how exactly do humans the atmosphere and climate? following activities that are said to have has been observed. These Use of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are carbon-rich materials from the remains of ancient organisms that once roamed the surface of the earth. Years of being buried deep beneath the ‘earth have compressed them and made them suitable for burning to release energy Most of Earth's current power supply is from fossil fuels power pians generale and supply mast of the global power demand (Source ‘Shutterstockcty hunter, hts ww shultlerstock comimage-photo/S03646406) Fossil fuels rele: organisms that inhale fuels include earbon dio nitrous oxide. These sreenhouse effec whic Listed below are fossil Se Noxious gases into Dut eae oase8 into the atmosphere that not ony afects Coal - a black of algae and py This is c Goal is a sedimentary rock fom decomposed sworw Shutterstock. com/image-phota! 1438673 ShutersockPariow, tps: Oll - a hydrocarbon that is usually thick and bi remains of the ancient ocean dwellers Crude This came from the Petroleum is pumped from the ground using pumping rigs (Source: Shutterstockided Pinto, hiips:/ivww shulterstork comvimage-phote/1722100367)Deforestation Deforestation has been a Tong problem in tropical cownifies ike the Phiippines. ‘The once Wsh forests have Been cut down or BANE BUS way to plantation, factores, and residential areas. Doing so reduces Ine sm Of Carbon That eould have been absorbed from the atmosphere and slored ip) Wok. Buming forests release stored carbon in trees which contributes to more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. —— ~ 1 1 . ‘and commercial purposes (Source: mans oat frst for anreule,plataton, an man maoren House ps shtertock corimage pottSE2S62097) Industrial and Vehicle Emissions fal emissions are those that are released by factories during the process, 2s well as products that contain greenhouse gases that can affect the atmosphere. Gases from these emissions include the following e Methane - these gases are usually released from decomposing wastes from vegetable farms, and livestock. Improper management of methane ccan be very dangerous sn cause explosions. Methane is also noted to be one of the most powerful greenhouse gases. © Nitrous oxide - is usually produced from fumes of factories and vehicles, as well as production of nitrogenous fertlizers. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas. ‘© Chlorofiuorocarbons (CFCs) - a gas that disrupts the ozone layer once it reaches the upper levels of the atmosphere. It is now largely regulated due to its nature Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide ~ these two gases make up most of Sic risns. Cat morse ad an on posers ncaa veil enastcontbte ements Cone ee dioxide are both products of fact. in most count 3 gas emissions. Sieke fom ete is a ' oan hamtt ty Snot fon 3 envionment bi 0 ea one ove hips nay hated camimagercneeenan ee at Is Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming? Greenhouse Effect De you know what areshouse A gremounis Gf gas or tarsparet marl oa vee og ps rae ha oy in climates. This design allows ae he 2 ste, But hows ti rela cnate an mesa) nem Greenhouses keep the plants inside warm even during the cold season. (Source ‘ShutterstociRawpixel com hiips:!Nvww shulterstock com/image-photo!526077256) "s. In fact, it is necessary fori 1 gases like water vapo temperature. Several : house gases (GHG). They hel P the heat. fe how the glass Walls of the 'e ait. According to NASA, erature 0 14°C. Greenhouse effect on Earth is a normal proce’! is Earth's way to maintain its surface ‘and carbon dioxide are natural green! that is radiated from the surface of the earth, just Me greenhouse traps the heat inside it and warms HP normal levels of GHG help keep the E: -arth's average temp« Enhanced Greenhouse Effect ances what happens. when there is too much greenhouse 928 the i rm simon ot ested ie entered aroemouse oft "We OPetomenn aoe tne increased effectiveness of the greenhouse SAel bn rors iy nigh amount of greenhouse gases inthe atmeshhiore. Te Tt ical aaaaaen have Tod tothe introduction of new gases In Re arn" Gas aa eaiere efficient in rapping heat compared to just carbon SONGS: ‘A diagram showing how emissions cause enhanced greenhouse effect (Source Shutterstockin malinka ps iw shutterstock.comlmage-vecto!1526266208) But where exactly do these greenhouse gases come from? Human activities like burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide as well as carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. On the other hand, methane comes from improperly managed landfils and agricutural waste. Another greenhouse gas called nitrous oxide comes from manufacturing man-made fertlizers and breakdown of these fertilizers. Phenomenon is called temperature on Earth cascade of events that consequence of the global warming This is a huge pr 0 not only concer enhanced greenhouse effect? This S 2 matked increase in the average global fem because global warming can trigger a Global Waring climate but also the envionment. Global wan brought aoouleree 's the gradual increase in the overall tem, Ears overal tomparee’moUNS oF greenhouse gases ee wetature is affected by the amount of heat that enters and ieee ee incase amount an inctease the gel suorcoe ene Een swarmed es by th energy ce om he sun Teeny ctreects yh bees one cams suace Geese Sa pect eed "gh ocean caren ui sold cutest one Normally, heat can Pass throu rat * greenhouse gases, then there will be nhouses Ses. They trap more heat compared to carbon dioxide, which is ugh they are lesser in amount 1 ore ost ay ar Amount in the atmosphere, they can stil have 13/1959-1927) studied the effects o Swedish chemist Svante August Arrhenius carbon dioxide to the climate and global tempera that reducing carbon dioxide emissions to half d His study also identifi the almosphere. One of the most ition that increasing the levels of carbon fe would lead to the global temperature his work was largely ignored by the scient in the 1970s when the w ternational agreemer ime of agreement, ture, His study led him to conclude ing his time Would reduce the global temperature by 4° t0 5° the main contributor of carbon dioxids impressive results of his study is the predi dioxide to more than 60% during increase of 6° to 6°. However ‘community during his time. It only gained recognition i decided to combat global warming, This led to sev including the Kyoto protocol, which had 88 signatories: What Is Climate Change? Climate Change What is climate? How ‘atmosphere in a certain place at a given tomorrow may be sunny. However, when talking about pattern of weather in a specific region. Climate change is @ marked shift in the climates on Earth, This results in unpredictable changes in weather patterns which can be very devastating, Stronger Sterms, tonger periods of drought, and torrential rainfall ae said to be effects of climate change. But what causes climate change? You often hear environmentalists and scientists clamor to leaders of nations to reduce their greenhouse gases emissions, but what Is the relationship of greenhouse gases to climate change? Greenhouse gases cause global warming, Which in turn contributes to climate change. Remember, global warming is a marked increase in the global temperature. Increase in global temperature leads to a ‘cascade of events like melting of icebergs, shift in ocean currents, stronger storms, and ultimately a change in climate. ferent from weather? Weather is the state ofthe today can be cloudy and imate it isthe long-term PR hc eee Nting of glace can aft he words ocean curens. Changes ocean currents can not cniy change the way roonoes behave, I can also destoy ecosystems since Ghanges nthe tomporture as well as the movement of watr are crucial nthe survival of mmarne species. Ths she reason why sits equ icebergs and status of glaciers around the world. ee Earth has under otters to ec ofthe change in eimate Creag Jone several ice and GLOBAL LAND-oct GLOBALLAND-OCEAN TemPERATURE Temperature Anam Temperature anomaly data from 1880-2020 (Source: NASAIGISS) 8Effects of Climate Change change destroy ecosystems and pose risks This section wi anet. Cli things on the pl imatg threat to all living Tea dae imate change 8 @ major teat STS ciate, Tes Sana = ings about unpredtable How do human activities affect the ciate? Match the items from column A to column 8 separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on Column A 1. Factors 1 2. Bracing fe change 3. Largest carbon sinks in the world 4. Recurring long bouts of dry spel 5. Actions to reduce the carbon foot Most abundant greenhouse gas Earth's natural way of regulating heat Sedimentary rock used as a fuel A B c D E F G H. I J 10. Gases that traps heat on Earth kK L Aside from adding aest flop gardens also provide cooling and How is cimate different from weather? How does climate change affect living things? alue to the building, surface during rainy days. jyree: Shutterstock/Alison Hancock, ips: shuterstock comvimage-pholo!39980g8) the letter of your answer on a is module. Column B mitigation chlorofluorocarbon adaptation ‘carbon dioxide oceans anthropogenic EINino greenhouse effect greenhouse gases coal methane gasoline Activity B tigation and aday ation are wa nays Feasons why you are studying alotey seo i aware of the state of the planet ent Wt < ate change. In fact, one of the imate change plan on how you can Implement ; an een cc setae plan should be feasible on a hot nd ee ee i ee ‘ feosbity Do tis ona separate ence gees Mate “rate an e that the plan justifies its & What I Have Learned summarize whet you nave ve teamed ummatize what in lesson graphic organizer Below Esch buble nas acetal ea ee bbl smaller bubbles fo where you can we nee aD wes fr wre you can tampa separate sheet of pepar Dorota on this paper. Global warming Climate change& What | Can Do science about mitigation ang ymplished your presentation in on ou hag tno be good onset the le since ta ae the om of te discussion inthe fst pace. Now, you decid ieeea rou was the ait js i hou ‘and they agreed that you st eee roselare the mos esse one out fal the ins Na implement the most feasible plan you wrote in Opt: Yor tak fatty Bin ts mate sure that you il ete ts inthe ecm mit your ete th pictures. You cn su Sed the eombistod documentation a week str Your teacher Using te brie below Excallent Fair cree (S points) {3 points) ‘ ms reseniod Presented te put | The set presets | | By proving essential | the oubUt DY BOHN | THe output contains and Precise | general explanations. | re OUP fplanatons, "The | There are one explanations that are unclear or incomplete output is well-prepared and presented by the student There are three or more photos that are Inaccurate andlor nat have proper captions orlatels, (One to two photos that have been captured ‘slate inaccurate or have missing labels, Al required materials | Lacks 1-2 of the | re | required materi | reparetness | Al required materi | are avalble but re | ea . Mate rials: available and | not presented in a | Also, the al (20%) | propery presented | proper ortgalvay "| ot he. poeta | avn | — L 2 Assessment ‘What is described in the statements below 41, This is the short-term status footprints that humans produce 3. This phenomenon is described asthe trpping of peeneenen| PPING of heat that radiates from the A black sedimentary rock that is product of decom dead algae and plants from ancient swamps, A.kind of greenhouse gas that reacts causing an ozone hole to open {indicate Tis event happens when the algae that lve wih coals leave due {0 increased ocean temperatures and seawater pH This method of combating climate change fecuses on bracing forthe effects of climate change rather than reducing carbon footprints He is the Swedish Chemist who Published a paper that ‘of carbon dioxide to increasing global temperatures 9. This phenomenon is observed wh: and methane increase in the amout 10. This greenhouse gas is p also formed when the fert Position and compression of ely with the ozone in the atmosphere, name) ‘quantifies the contribution 'en gases ike carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, the atmosphere sced when manufacturing man-made fertiizer itself gets broken down in the soil 'I Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, change the underlined word if otherwise. "1-Glimate is the average or overall pattem of the weather experienced in acettin region or area 12.Gases like oxygen, nitrous oxide, an because they can trap and reflect heat back tothe surface of the earth, 13.The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on June 16, 1991 released more than 15 milion tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. id methane are called greenhouse gases '4-Adaplation aims to reduce the carbon footprints generated by groups of people or individuals. 1. Carbon sinks are bodies that absorb more carbon than they emit, 23Additional Activities Carefully read and answer the questions below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything on this module. 4. What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and enhanced greenhouse effect? How do they affect Earth’s average global temperature? 2. How does climate change help Earth? 3. Why is it important for people to be aware of environmental issues like global warming and climate change?