Physical and Chemical Change

One of the fundamental concepts that we need to understand in the study of matter are the
changes it undergoes. These changes are classified as either chemical or physical depending on
whether the composition of the matter changes as it undergoes these changes. In a chemical change,
one or more samples of matter react to form a new form of matter with different compositions. Energy
is absorbed or released in the process. A physical change on the other hand occurs with no change
in the chemical composition of the matter involved. The common properties of matter that changes as
it undergoes physical change includes state, color, shape, size, texture etc. These changes in physical
properties however can also be observed in chemical change like for example change in color.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To perform experiments showing the physical and chemical change of matter.
2. To classify if the change that the matter undergoes is physical or chemical.
3. To identify the different physical and chemical properties that change after the process.
4. To identify what kind of chemical reaction did the matter undergo during chemical change.
5. To show how the chemical reaction occurs by providing the chemical equation.

PROCEDURE:
Caution: Do these experiments in an open area and be extra careful when using flame!
1. Obtain a small piece of ice and place it in an evaporating dish or any cooking pot. Let it stand
until a complete change has occurred. Evaporate to dryness. (Provide a picture of the whole
process).

2. Light a candle and hold the knife blade in the center of the candle flame for several seconds
until a change in the appearance of the knife blade is observed (Provide a picture of this
process).

3. Fill a glass 1/4 full of vinegar and add 1 tablespoon of the baking soda. Immediately light a
matchstick and gently lower it into the glass without touching the mixture inside. Record your
observation. (Provide a picture of this set-up)
4. Watch this YouTube video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jX9pskbKSw0) showing the
change that an iodine crystal undergoes.

5. Take an apple and slice it into two. Expose the sliced part in the air and observe until some
changes occur. Record your observation and provide a picture of the sliced apple with the
change that occurs.

6. Put an eggshell in a glass. Fill the glass with vinegar enough to cover all the eggshell.
Observe what is happening to the eggshell. Record this. Leave this set-up for about 12 hours
and observe what happened to the eggshell this time. Provide a picture of this set-up before
and after leaving it for 12 hours.

7. Determine whether the change that had occurred in each step is either physical or chemical.
For chemical changes, classify what type (decomposition, single displacement, etc.)