Gde (Ege 4) SG Unit 6

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0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

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6
STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___
TITLE OF THE UNIT/CHAPTER
UNIT/CHAPTER VI – Instructional Materials Development for GMRC/Edukasyon

sa Pagpapakatao(EsP)
MODULE OVERVIEW
Instructional Materials also known as Teaching / Learning Materials ( TLM ), are any
collection of materials including animate & inanimate objects and human and non-human
resources that a teacher may use in teaching and learning objectives. Instructional
Materials may aid a student in concretizing a learning experience so as a to make learning
more exciting, interesting and interactive.
Instructional materials possess some inherent advantages that make them unique in
teaching. They are found highly acceptable and effective . Instructional materials are the
content or information conveyed within a course which include the lectures, readings,
textbooks, multimedia components, and other resources in a course. These materials can
be used in both face-to-face and online classrooms; however, some must be modified or
redesigned to be effective for the online environment. The best instructional materials are
aligned with all other elements in the course, including the learning objectives,
assessments, and activities. Furthermore, the teacher is assisted in overcoming physical
difficulties that could have hindered his/her effective presentation in a given topic. They
generally make teaching/s and learning/s easier and less stressful. Barnard and Zemach
(2003) also consider it vital for GMRC/EsP teachers to continuously interact with teachers
teaching other courses in order to gain an insight into the requirements imposed on
students attending those courses. This is probably the most convenient way to ensure
compliance between the ESP course objectives and students’ real needs.
MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

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After the learning session, the following will be attained:

A. Make/Develop a learning material as an instructional tool in teaching GMRC/
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP).
B. Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed learrning material as instructional tool in
teaching EsP, by EsP Teachers.
C. Asses the effectiveness of the developed learrning material as instructional tool
through students’ performance.
LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsect
What is/are/ Instructional Material/s?
 Instructional materials can be used to help students achieve their goals through printed
or mediated instruction/s.
The Designer’s Role in Material Development and Instruction Delivery
 The designer’s role consists of several different tasks, including assessing overall
curriculum needs, determining course goals and course objectives. Analyzing learners
background knowledge and instructional needs.
 To make sure material is selected and adapted to their instructional strategy, the
instructor has to personally deliver instructions in one or more methods. The design also
has to be delivered independently of the instructor.
The Delivery System and Media Selections
 The delivery system allows a particular instructional system to operate as if it was

intended and where it was intended. - Example: a classroom, television broadcasts,
videotaping, video conference, web-based, and mobile.
The second function is the availability of existing instructional materials. In this function
existing materials can be alternative to developing and producing new materials. They can
also be substituted planned materials.


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 The final function is the production and implementation constraints. In this function the
media formats and delivery systems are very expensive, you can utilize techniques to
reduce costs that generally do not affect the learning process.
Components of an instructional package
There are three major components of an instructional package.
1. Instructional Materials which are contained in content that is written, mediated or

facilitated by an instructor.
2. Assessments are all instructional materials that are accompanied by objective tests or by
product or performance assessments.
3. Course Management Information is the general description of the total package, typically
called the instructor’s manual.
Course Management Information
 Course management information is the general description of a total package, usually

called the instructor’s manual, which provides the instructor with an overview of the
material. The materials usually include grade books, tests, student guidance templates,
online testing, and student tracking.
Instructional Materials Must Be:
1. Goal Centered – the content of the test must match the performance behavior in
order to make goal a success.
2. Learner Centered – targets the learner, works on bettering the student’s learning
and success.
3. Learning Centered – to avoid any misassumptions, can be written most freely with
the limitations of the specific directions.
4. Context Centered – should be created near-at-hand to the required standards and
performance setting as possible.
There are other methods that are used that include active learning, which allows students
to answer questions, solve problems, formulate questions of their own, discuss, debate, or
brainstorm in class. In cooperative learning the students work as a team to solve problems.
Inductive methods are methods that include inquiry-based learning, case-based instruction,
problem based learning, project-based learning, discovery learning, and just-in-time
teaching.
Frequently asked questions on preparing instructional materials:
1. What must be included in instructional materials?


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lectures, readings, textbooks, multimedia components
2. What instructional materials are used in the classroom?
graphic organizer, strategic intervention materials (SIMs) textbooks and workbooks
3. What are the advantages of instructional materials?
Ability to serve as present and future reference materials.
Allows for visuals to be added.
Provides step-by-step instruction.
Easily updated content.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
Answer the following:
1. Instructional Materials are the general description of the total package, typically
called the instructor’s/teacher’s manual. A Fact or a Bluff? Justify your answer. (3-5
sentences)
 For me, it is a fact that instructional materials are the general description of
the total package, typically called as the instructor’s manual. I do agree to that
fact because all the materials needed in teaching are already included in it. It
was called total package because, it really is. It contained informative
contents, assessments, problem solving, discovery learning, case-based
instructions and many more stuffs that the teachers need in teaching.
2. Tell something about the following terms, using the format given below:
A. Printed Media
Goals/Objectives
 Printed media transmit information via physical objects such as books, comics,
magazines, newspaper or pamphlets. The main goal and objective of it is to
share information to the public as a written interface to a strictly targeted
audience for whom the particular set of data has been meant for genuinely.
Further, printed media aims to educate those who have false beliefs, morals
and principles.
Ways and Procedure


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 The following are the procedures in creating printed media.
1. Have a clear message to share
2. Choose imagery wisely
3. Use only high quality images
4. Use powerful headlines
Do’s and Don’ts
Do’s Don’ts
Do use your established brand. Don’t overload it with too much
Make sure that throughout the different information. Nobody wants to read a flyer
types of print media used, such as that contains a mini essay.
business cards, flyers, newsletters, that
your brand remains consistent.
Don’t have any grammatical or
Keep your target audience in mind. spelling mistakes. Nothing is worse than
Sometimes depending on who you’re having 30 brochures all with an incorrect
aiming for may have an impact on how spelling error.
you layout your print media.
Don’t allow your contact information to
Do make it eye-catching. No matter be obscured by a fancy design. It doesn’t
what layout or type of print media is matter if you have an awe-inspiring
used, make it eye-catching. design idea, if prospects can't see your
phone number or email, then the product
Do make sure that what your is unnecessary.
company is or what it’s doing is
abundantly clear by the target Don’t just assume that your
audiences. advertisement is clever. Ask for advice
on it to make sure that it’s giving the
desired effect for your specific target
audience.
Needs and Values

 The following are the needs and principles of printed media:
 It should be tangible
 It should be credible
 It should be simple
 It should be informative
 It should be motivating and inspiring
 It should be relevant to the topic
Advantages and Disadvantages


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Advantages Disadvantages
 It serves information to people, of  Not for global audiences
different events which take place
in society.  Requires a lot of planning
 Provides online newspaper Web  Might not stand out

series e-papers etc. An easy way
 Higher cost
to access information.
 Print media requires longer lead
 Credibility of information
times
 Proper record of information
 Competition for attention is fierce
 It appeal to visual learners
 Print media requires multiple
 It can reach multiple generations exposures
Summary/Conclusion
 Printed media is any written or pictorial form of communication produced
mechanically or electronically. The main goal and objective of it is to share
factual information to the public. Further, printed media aims to educate those
who have false beliefs, morals and principles. There are ways to consider on
how to produce printed media such as you should have a clear message to
share, choose imagery wisely, use only high quality images and use powerful
headlines. Now, let’s proceed to the do’s and don’ts of printed media. In
making your own print media do use your established brand, keep your target
audience in mind, make it eye-catching, don’t overload it with too much
information, don’t have any grammatical or spelling mistakes and don’t allow
your contact information to be obscured by a fancy design. Further, printed
media should also be tangible, credible, simple, and informative and most
importantly should be relevant to the topic. Truly, printed media really has
advantages which will be helpful and beneficial to everybody because it
provides factual information to people of different event in the society,
however, despite of its advantages it also has drawbacks such as, it requires
a lot of planning, might higher cost, and also it requires multiple exposures.
But overall print media is still effective and useful to everyone especially to the
students and teachers.
References
Bonka, N. (2020). The Basic Principles of Print Media. https://askinglot.com/what-are-the-

basic-print-media-principles


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N.A. (2011). The Importance of Print Media.

https://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_objectives_of_print_media
N. A. (2019). Advantages and Disadvantages of Print Media.

https://www.tigernix.com/blog/pros-cons-print-media
Parmar, O. Advantages and Disadvantages of Print Media. https://www.quora.com/What-

are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-print-media
Shabbir, T. (2021). The Use of Print Media. https://www.quora.com/What-is-print-media
Walker, S. (2015). The Do's and Don'ts of Print Media.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/shamshadwalker.co.uk/blog/entry/the-do-s-and-don-
ts-of-print-media%3fformat=amp
B. Audio Media
Goals/Objectives
 Generally, students enjoy listening to music so using audio media would be
very effective to capture their attention and to motivate them in class. The
primary goals and objectives of audio media are the following;
 To help the students to easily recall memories, enhance brain activity
and stimulate the brain
 To develop the listening skills of students (especially for language
learning)
 To help students in memorization
 To supports auditory learning
Ways and Procedure

 Prepare an outline of important point that will be tackled
 Motivate the students to listen carefully to some necessary points
 Your output must end with a question and other forms of evaluation
Do’s and Don’ts
Do’s Don’ts
 Do ensure the clarity of the voice  Don’t make your audio too loud
 Make sure that it is relevant  Don’t make your audio too long
 Do have clear pitch of audio


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 Do ask the parents of the students

if their child has hearing impaired
 Do consider the language

appropriation
Needs and Values

 These are the needs and principles of audio media.
 Principles of selection
 Principles of Physical control
 Principles of preparation
 Classroom audio overcomes  Students will not learn how to read
ambient noise levels and as effectively (as they listen
distributes the teacher’s voice at instead of practice to read stories,
the same amplified level poem, etc.
throughout the classroom. Every
child hears the teachers at the
same level no matter where the  Difficult to teachers to control
child is seated. device(s) use in class (affects
classroom management and
 Reduce a child’s sensitivity to especially time management).
distractions. When a teacher’s
voice is amplified 5 to 15 decibels  Teachers have to grow eyes in the
above ambient noise, articulation back of their heads and when
and speech intelligibility are mobile devices are used in class,
enhanced. the need for continual monitoring
and regulation increases.
 Teachers using classroom audio
report less need for repeating of  Inability to know how to extract
instructions, and fewer reminders information from text successfully.
are needed.
Summary/Conclusion
Audio media is the use of sound and music in teaching to catch the attention of the
students. The main goal and objectives of audio media is to help students to facilely
recall lessons, enhance their brain activity, helps students in memorization and to
support auditory learning. In creating audio media you must consider these
procedures. First, prepare an outline of important point, motivate the students to


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listen carefully and lastly, your output must end with a question and other forms of
evaluation. Further, audio media should possess such principles like principles of
selection, principles of physical control and principles of preparation. Indeed, the use
of audio media is very helpful to improve students’ analytical thinking and critical
thinking skills. Therefore, educators should be well trained to maximize the benefits
of using this instructional material.
References
Frechett, C. (2019). The Use of Audio Media Effectively. https://www.poynter.org/reporting-

editing/2012/10-tips-for-using-audio-more-effectively-in-multimedia-stories/
N. A. (2017). Audio Media Information. http://miltrainingdollydhang.weebly.com/audio-

media-and-information.html
N. A. (2014). Advantages and Disadvantages of Audio Media.

https://audiomediaet101.weebly.com/benefits-of-audio-media.html
C. Visual Aids
Goals/Objectives
 Almost all presentations can be enhanced by the effective use of visual aids.
These can include handouts, overhead transparencies, drawing on the
whiteboard, Powerpoint slides and many more. The main goals and objectives
of visual aids are the following;
 To make speech more interesting
 To enhance credibility as a speaker
 To easily communicate to complex and intriguing information in a short
period of time
 To reinforce verbal messages
 To help the audience use and retain the information
Ways and Procedure

 The following are the guide on how to make an effective visual aids.
1. Understand the audience
2. Identify key message
3. Identify key objects
4. Use simple but good materials
Do’s and Don’ts


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Do’s Don’ts
Have clear objectives. Keep your Don’t talk to your slides instead of
objectives and your audience in mind as your audience. If your slides are so
you create your presentation. dense that you need to read off them,
you’re packing in way too much
Use visuals to intrigue and engage. A information.
picture really is worth a thousand words,
and a well-chosen one can grab your Don’t Offend. If you keep your
audience’s attention, pique their curiosity audience in mind you’ll minimize the risk
or provoke their thinking. of this. Some audiences and some parts
of the world can be a lot less forgiving of
Choose the right tool for the job. You humor or vulgarity.
might use an infographic to succinctly
convey statistics in a more memorable Don’t use a small font. There’s more
way. Word clouds can be good to get to this than meets the eye – pun
your audience thinking, or communicate intended. If you force your audience to
what others (such as consumers) think. A squint and narrow their eyes in order to
graph can be compelling if it tells the read your slides, in a short time their
story people need to hear mood will match their expression – which
could get hostile.
Remember whom visual aids are
actually meant to aid – that’s your Don’t overdo it. The sound effects,
audience, not you. video clips, visual effects etc can be
seductive when you’re putting your
presentation together – then tedious and
repetitive (or worse, irrelevant) when it’s
all up on the big screen.
Needs and Values

 The following are the needs and principles of visual aids;
 It should be appropriate
 It should be attractive and informative
 It should be relevant to your discussion
 It should be visible
 It develops interest of the  It makes the student to heavily
students. depend on teacher
 Unsuitable for large groups

 It makes learning and teaching
more effective
 Need a lot of presentation material


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 It is easy and inexpensive to make  It may also distract your audience

and update
 Keep away from overly elaborated
 It holds the attention of the visual aids
audience
 Involvement and engagement of

the participants increases
 It minimizes the chances of any

kind of mistakes
Summary/Conclusion
 Visual aids comprise a wide variety of items such as handouts, slides, moving
pictures, posters and many others. The goals and objectives of visual aids are
enhancing the credibility as a speaker, to make your speech more interesting and to
easily communicate to complex information. There are ways on how to make your
visual aids effectively that will lead you to become more amazing and great
instructor. In addition, this instructional material also has dos and don’ts and these
are; do have clear objectives, do use visual to engage your audience, don’t talk to
your slides, don’t offend don’t use small fonts and don’t overdo it. Also, visual aids
should also be appropriate, attractive and informative, visible and most importantly
should have relevance to the topic. Furthermore, this material really has pros such
as, it develops student’s interest, it makes learning and teaching more effective, it
increases students’ participation and it minimizes the chances of mistakes.
Additionally, if visual aid has pros, surely it also has cons, like it makes the student to
heavily depend on teacher, it’s unsuitable for large groups, need a lot of presentation
material and it may also distract your audience. But in spite of these drawbacks,
visual aid is greatly helpful to everyone especially to teachers because it makes their
teaching more effective and informative.
References
Beqeri, G. (2018). Usibg Visual Aids during Presentation.

https://virtualspeech.com/blog/visual-aids-presentation
N. A. (2019). Use Visual Aids to make an Effective Presentation.

https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/using-visual-aids-in-effective-
presentations.htm
Gittub, B. (2017). Visual Aids. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-

for-success/s15-04-visual-aids.html
Gorin, R. (2017). Visual Presentation and E-learning.
https://www.brightcarbon.com/blog/how-to-create-visual-presentations-and-
elearning/


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Sillet, D. (2020). Dos and Don'ts for Visual Aids. https://www.zoomly.co.uk/dos-donts-for-

visual-aids/
D. Audio Visual-Aids
Goals/Objectives
 Audiovisual aids are any device which can be used to make the teaching
experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.” -Kinder S.
James. The goals and objectives of audio visual-aids are the following;
 To enhance teacher skill which help to make teaching-learning

process effective
 To make learners active in the classroom
 To communicate them according to their capabilities
 To develop lesson plan and build interest
 To make students good observer
 To develop easy and understandable learning
 To follow child concerned learning process
 To involve intimation in objects
Ways and Procedure

 In creating AV aids, there are ways and procedures that needs to be followed.
1. Select an effective presentation format
2. Choose readable typefaces
3. Place visual elements onscreen
4. Choose appropriate colors
5. Select appropriate background
6. Choose visual and audio effects
7. Deliver a memorable and effective presentation
Do’s and Don’ts
Do’s Don’ts
 Do ensure the clarity of you topic/  Don’t overdo it
message
 Don’t offend and make nonsense
 Make sure that it is relevant
 Don’t use low quality materials
 Use audio visuals to intrigue and
engage
 Do consider the language


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appropriation
Needs and Values

 Audio visual-aids must possess the following;
 It should be meaningful and purposeful
 It should be accurate in every respect
 It should be interesting and motivating
 It should be completely relevant to the topic to fulfill the desired learning
objectives
 Helps the students to retain more  Technical Problems. Regardless
concept permanently of your equipment, there are many
things that could go wrong that
 Students can study well when may derail your presentation.
they are inspired properly through
different visual aids  Student Distractions. Visual aids
are more of a distraction if used
 Audio Visual-aids develop the throughout the entire presentation
knowledge of the students versus during key points.
 It minimize the time (for teacher)  Time. AV presentations can take a

to present information considerable amount of time to
prepare.
 It brings the child towards active  Space. If you choose to use an

learning audiovisual aid, the size of the
room should be taken into
consideration.
 Convenience. Certain audiovisual

aids such as VCRs for older video
recordings can be bulky and
difficult to transport.
Summary/Conclusion
 Audiovisual aids are anything by means of which learning process may be
encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight.” – Good’s
Dictionary of Education. This also called as instructional material that used by the
educators. The goals and objectives of it is to enhance teacher skill which help to
make teaching-learning process more effective, to make learners active in the


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classroom, to communicate them according to their capabilities, to develop lesson
plan and build interest and to make students good observer. In creating AV aids,
there are ways and procedures that must be followed. First is to select an effective
presentation format, choose readable typefaces, place visual elements onscreen,
choose appropriate colors, select appropriate background, choose visual and audio
effects and last deliver a memorable and effective presentation. Further, AV aids
have dos and don’ts that should remembered because it will the guide to create an
effective and good output. Moreover, this instructional material should be
meaningful, it should be simple, accurate, interesting and relevant. Audio visual aids
have many advantages like it can help the students to retain more concept
permanently, students will be inspired by different AV aids, can help students
develop their knowledge and it brings the child towards active learning. However, AV
aids also has disadvantages such as technical problems, students distraction, time
consuming and etc. But despite of its flaws, I must say that there still a lot of positive
benefits of audio visual aids to the teachers also to the students.
References
Arnett, J. (N. D.). Audio Visual Aids made Easy.

https://writingcommons.org/article/audiovisual-presentations-made-easy-ier-tips-for-
creating-an-effective-powerpoint-prezi-or-keynote/
Dharshini, P. (2018). https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/pria87/audio-visual-aids
N. A. (2018). Audio Visual Aids in Education http://studylecturenotes.com/audio-visual-aids-

in-education-definition-types-objectives/
E. Infographics
Goals/Objectives
 Infographics are a graphical representation used to turn boring data and
complicated concepts into attractive visualizations. There are goals and
objectives of infographics and these are the following:
 To provide an overview of a topic
 To explain a complex process or procedure
 To display data
 To summarize a long document, article or report
 To raise awareness about something
 To enhance the creativity of the students
Ways and Procedure

 In creating infographics there are ways and procedures needed to accomplish
it nicely, and these are the following;


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1. Outline your goals for the infographics like pinpoint the burning
problem and create a question pyramid
2. Collect necessary data
3. Create Visuals from the data like exploring information, showing
relationships, comparing and contrasting, visualizing trends and
depicting organized data
4. Use a template to organize the information
5. Incorporate style and design
6. Share your infographic with the world (or just you target audience)
Do’s and Don’ts
Do’s Don’ts
 Do add links to your sources as  Don’t forget to cite your sources
well as citations wherever
possible  Don’t rely on iconography to
convey an idea
 Do keep graphical elements  Don’t forget about colorblindness
 Do consider color theory  Don’t include every single piece of
information
 Do use online tools for color
palettes
 Do create a narrative
 Do remember to edit visually
Needs and Values

 The following are the principles and needs of infographics
 It should be simple but meaningful
 It should be accurate
 It should be visually interesting and motivating
 It should be completely relevant to the topic


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 Easily breakdown complex data  It requires a lot of time for
into understandable bits of preparation
information
 Easy to over budget
 Catch the attention of targeted  It’s hard to express clearly
audience effortless
 It’s hard for search engines to
 Increase brand awareness and recognize infographics if it is not
boost traffic a lot indexed
 Easy to share on social media and
increase subscriber and followers
Summary/Conclusion
 According to Merriam Webster, an inforgraphic is a way to communicate information
via graphic elements such as graphs, diagrams or illustrations. The purpose or the
aim of this is to provide an overview to your topic, explain complex data into easier
one and to summarize your long reports and documents. Further, if you make your
own infographics you should follow the procedures to make your output very
effective. First, you must outline your goals for your and then next, you can now
collect the necessary data that you needed. Next, create visuals and use template to
organize information. Lastly, incorporate you desire design and you can now share
your output to the world. Additionally, there are do’s and don’ts that you must
remember when creating infographics such as; do add links to your sources, don’t
you ever forget to include your citations, do keep graphical elements and don’t rely
on iconography to convey idea, do consider color theory and don’t forget about
colorblindness and lastly, don’t include every single information just make it simple.
Moreover, infographics also has needs and principles such as, it should be simple
but meaningful, it should be accurate, and visually interesting and most importantly it
should be relevant to the topic. Nobody would doubt the power of infographics, but
we have to admit that there are also advantages and disadvantages of it. For
example, it can easily breakdown the complex data into understandable bits of
information but it also requires a lot of time and effort to do it perfectly. Undoubtedly,
infographics is greatly helpful to the students and teachers because it brings out their
talent and it enhance their skills in creativity.
References
Dengo, S. (2017). The Do's and Don'ts of Infographics. https://govex.jhu.edu/wiki/10-

dos-donts-creating-infographics/
Lee, N. (2015). The three objectives of Infographics.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/mindmethods.com.au/marketing-blog/need-to-


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know-the-3-objectives-of-all-infographics%3fformat=amp
N. A. (2014). What is Infographics.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/mindmethods.com.au/marketing-blog/need-to-
know-of-all-infographics%3fformat=amp
N. A. (2016). Steps and Procedures in Creating Infographics.

shttps://www.copypress.com/kb/infographics/the-complete-guide-to-infographics-
what-they-are-and-how-to-make-them/html
Yang, C. (2020).Advantages and Disadvantages of Infographics.

https://www.edrawsoft.com/infographics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
infographics.html
Format:
1. Goals/Objectives
2. Ways and Procedures
3. Do’s and Don’ts
4. Needs and Values
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Conclusion/Summary
7. References
3. In 21st century, what are the best learner-centered instructional materials

applicable for Flexible learning Mode? Online Learning Mode ? Home-based
Learning Mode? Why?
 At this point in time, we experiencing hardships especially we are in the midst

of pandemic that resulted to push the government to stop our traditional learning
process which is, face to face learning. To reinforce and strengthen our learning
despite the pandemic, instructional materials are being used.
In Flexible Learning Mode, there are three ways of learning such as, online,
offline, and the blended learning. For me the most effective ways in this mode is the
blended learning and the suitable instructional material for this are digital and non-
digital thing. Not all of us can afford stable internet connection so you can have the
printed module of your lessons, assessment and activities. Further, those who have
strong connection, your instructor could do a meeting online to discuss the lessons.
You can also reach out and interact with each other using this method. In Online
Learning Mode, a lot of apps are present so teachers and students could interact
with each other. Zoom, Google meet, MS Teams and many more are utilized to


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teach and to learn. Also, websites are there so students can read and gather
information connecting to their lessons. This method is quiet difficult especially those
who have poor internet connection but I admit that somehow, online learning is also
effective in teaching. Lastly, Home-Based Learning Mode, usually teachers
provide printed materials for the students and the students will be able to study and
answer what is written in that material. This mode is kind of difficult because of the
fact that you will be doing self-study. It’s hard but at least it helps the students to test
their capabilities. It can help them to explore and be independent for their own sake.
Truly, nowadays, it is painfully hard to study because of the new normal. But
because of the situation I am motivated to work hard and strive for more so that I can
reach out my ambition, and that is to become an effective educator.
LEARNING CONTENTS 2 (title of the subsection)
Instructional Materials Development for GMRC/Edukasyon

sa Pagpapakatao(EsP)
1. PRINT MEDIA is more trust worthy because once the news is published, it cannot be modified
or deflected, where as in digital media, we can modify or delete the contents
2. AUDIO MEDIA- Listen Technologies is the perfect sound implication system instructors.
Some of these include the ability to integrate multiple audio sources to enhance
with multi-media, easy installation and operation, and the incorporation of an
assistive listening system for students with hearing loss.
Types of Audio Media:
a. Cassette Audiotape
Advantages: Very portable (small and light), durable, easy to use (no threading),
can prevent accidental erasing and requires little storage space
b. Micro cassettes
Advantages: Very compact, portable. Limitations: Not compatible with other
cassettes
c. Phonograph Record (Disc Recording)

Advantages: Excellent frequency, response compatibility of records and
phonographs and selection easily cued.
d. Compact Disc
Very durable and High fidelity
e. Audio Card
Advantages: Sound with visual, student can record response and compare with
original
Uses of audio media in instruction:


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a. It is effective in story telling especially if pictures accompany them.
b. Can be used to improve listening skills
c. Good for stimulating listener’s imagination
d. It is ideal for teaching foreign language
e. Useful for those who have reading disabilities or non-readers
Benefits of Audio:
a. Reduction in Ambient Noise Level
The various noises that make up the ambient noise in a classroom are composed of
external sounds like street traffic, facility noises like air conditioning, and classroom
noises like printers, students talking, etc. Classroom audio systems overcome
ambient noise and distribute the teacher’s voice throughout the room. Every child
hears the teacher at the same amplified level no matter where they’re seated.
b. Improved Academic Performance
Sound-field studies, such as the 2005 MARRP project, show that amplifying a

teacher’s voice results in exceptional improvement in reading and language test
scores for students at all levels, and reduces special education referral rates by up to
40%. Some studies have shown up to a 10% improvement in academic test scores
with statistical gains achieved when employing classroom audio for less than one
school year.
c. Increased Class Interaction & Student Participation
Teachers using classroom audio note an improvement in student motivation and

participation due to more consistent understanding of what is expected. They also
report improvements in responses to questions and requests. In classrooms where
students use microphones to amplify their voices, teachers report increased
enthusiasm and desire to read and present oral reports.
d. Reduced Classroom Stress & Behaviour Problems
Audio solutions assist with classroom management, helping to reduce discipline

issues and stress for teachers and students overall.
e. Reduced Voice Fatigue & Throat Illness in Teachers
With the use of audio technology, teachers can speak in a conversational voice so
that all students can hear them more easily. Vocal strain is greatly diminished.
Schools using classroom audio systems report significantly lower teacher
absenteeism due to voice and throat problems.


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3. VISUAL AIDS are sensitive tools used in teaching and as avenues for learning. These
are planned educational materials that appeal to the senses of the people and quicken
learning, facilitates for clear understanding.
Types of visual aids:
a. Educational Posters to inspire and remind students.
Educational Posters are a classic teaching aid that can breathe life a classroom.
Hanging posters will not only invite colors into the environment, they'll also act as helpful
resources for students.
b. Educational infographics to simplify complex information.
Infographics are a perfect classroom tool because they can make complex information
easier to understand. There are many different types of infographics you can create
depending on the information you want to visualize. For example, you could make an
infographic to summarize a new topic, to show a timeline of events, to visualize statistics, to
explain a process and more.
c. Creative Presentations template to keep students engaged with a lesson.
Creative presentation template can go a long way to keep your students from snoring in the
middle of class. For starters, introduce bright colors and creative fonts into your design. You
can also combine photos, charts, and icons to illustrate concepts.
4. AUDIOVISUAL AIDS
 “Audiovisual aids are any device which can be used to make the
teaching
experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.” -Kinder S. James
 “Audiovisual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and
reinforce learning.” –Burton
 ‘Audiovisual aids are anything by means of which learning process may be
encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight.” – Good’s
Dictionary of Education
 Audiovisual aids are also called instructional material.
 These include pictures, slides, radios, videos, models, maps, sounds and other
audio visual tools.
Examples of Audiovisual Aids:
 Slides
 Tapes
 Films
 Filmstrips
 Television


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 Video
 Multimedia
Significance of Audiovisual Aids:
 These aids accelerate the teaching learning activity in number of ways by which
teaching become more effective and learning becomes easier and more lasting.
 These devices used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic
and more dynamic.
 All such aids make the knowledge clear to us through our senses.
 All these learning material make the learning situations as real as possible and give
us firsthand knowledge.
 These aids help the learner in remembering the things in a better way.
Objectives of Audiovisual Aids:
 enhance teacher skill which help to make teaching-learning process

effective
 make learners active in the classroom
 communicate them according to their capabilities
 develop lesson plan and build interest
 make students good observer
 develop easy and understandable learning
 follow child concerned learning process
 involve intimation in objects
 By audiovisual aids, we usually mean the most modern or the most recently use of
this methods (films, filmstrips, radio and television).
 The global use of audiovisual aids always gives the best result.
Concept of Audiovisual Aids:

A Chinese Proverb: “If I hear, I forget; If I see, I remember, If I do, I know” says the
importance of perception in teaching learning situation.
 Seeing -87%
 Hearing -07%
 Odor -03%
 Touch -02%
 Taste -01%
Audiovisual aids enhanced clarity in communication.

It provides diversity in method.


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Advantages of Audiovisual Aids:

Research has showed that learning is based on perception. Perception is when the
senses gain information from the environment. In addition, learning is most effective two or
more senses are being used simultaneously to receive information. For example, using
vision and hearing to learn something is believed to be more effective than just seeing
something. These findings show that the uses of audiovisuals are an effective method for
students to achieve greater knowledge.
 Helps the students to retain more concept permanently

 Students can study well when they are inspired properly through different visual aids
 AV aids develop the knowledge
 It minimize the time (for teacher) to present information
 It brings the child towards active learning
Disadvantages of Audiovisual Aids:
 Technical Problems
 Regardless of your equipment, there are many things that could go wrong that
may derail your presentation. A bulb might burn out on your projector or it
might be blurry or hard to focus.
 Student Distractions
 Visual aids are more of a distraction if used throughout the entire presentation
versus during key points.
 Time
 AV presentations can take a considerable amount of time to prepare.
 Space
 If you choose to use an audiovisual aid, the size of the room should be taken
into consideration.
 Convenience
 Certain audiovisual aids such as VCRs for older video recordings, can be
bulky and difficult to transport.
Purpose of Audiovisual Aids

1. To provide a basis for more effective perceptual and conceptual learning.
2. To initiate and sustain attention, concentration, and personal involvement of the
students in learning.
3. To provides concreteness, realism and life likeness in the teaching-learning
situation.
4. To bring remote events either space or time into the classroom.
5. To increase the meaningfulness of abstract concepts.
6. To gain practical skill.


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7. To introduce opportunity for situational or field types of learning
Principles of Audiovisual Aids
 It should be meaningful and purposeful

 It should be accurate in every respect
 It should be interesting and motivating
 It should be completely relevant to the topic to fulfill the desired learning objectives
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2
Mind Twister: Comply on what is being asked.
1. Make or create at least one strategic intervention material on EsP (4 th quarter-Grade 1-3)
using the following format.
Parts of Strategic Intervention Material:

1.1. Guide Card
2.2. Activity Card
3.3. Assessment Card
4.4. Enrichment Card
5.5. Reference Card
6.6. Answer Key
Reference:
https://www.slideshare.net/rtipolo/strategic-intervention-material-
64287299
Note: Submission Date : December 18, 2020 @ 5PM
2. Reflection:
a. Have an interview with at least two (2) EsP teachers in Grade 1 to Grade 6
handling above and below average class respectively. Find out, what IM’s do they
prefer to use to apply in their respective class/es that improve/s their
students’/pupils’ academic performance and/or on values formation. How? Why?
 So I came back to my elementary school and got some time to interview my former
ESP teachers. Mrs. Maribeth H. Lanorio (ESP 4 teacher) and Mrs. Menarda G. De
Vera (ESP 6 teacher) both answered that they prefer to use visual aids as their
instructional material. Mrs. Lanorio says that it is more easier for the students to
learn if they will be able to see something during discussion, that she used visual
aids ever since to encourage her students to study and participate on her class.
According to her it is really effective when you used visual aids. On the other hand,
Mrs. De Vera told me that for her visual aids are more effective in teaching. Further,
according to her that the use of pictures, charts, graphs, videos and etc. are very


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helpful to enhance the ability of the students.
3. Considering your grades in every quarter for EsP last year, what helped you
improved your performance? In your own opinion, from all the instructional
materials used by your teachers, which do you think is the greatest and/or of the
least of value on relevance as to teaching/learning EsP? Why?
 As I look back from the past years and remembering my grades in ESP, I would say
that it was good, not that high but I know I did my best to achieve that numbers.
What helps me to improved not only my performance but also my whole self was that
I always have this optimistic mind set, I always give my very best in everything and
also I work hard for my dreams. I know along the way I commit mistakes but I
learned from it. Those mistakes are the reasons why I became the better version of
myself. On my opinion, the best instructional material that is greatly relevant and
effective for me is the visual aids because I am a visual learner. Further, it will help
me to enhance more my visual thinking. Actually, I can easily understand a particular
lesson and information with the use of pictures, words, concepts and by associating
ideas. On the other side, of all the instructional materials, print media is the one that I
don’t prefer because of the fact that it does not require interaction between the
teacher and the learners. In short, the interaction between the two sides is minimal
because printed media is just overall written materials.
SUMMARY
Learning materials can help us in a different way. It can help us gain more knowledge and
it is the fastest way to learn lesson in school. They hold the power to either engage or
demotivate students. This is especially true for online courses, which rely on a thoughtful
and complete collection of instructional materials that students will access, explore, absorb,
and reference as they proceed in a course. Therefore, such materials must be carefully
planned, selected, organized, refined, and used in a course for the maximum effect. The
planning and selection of instructional materials should take into consideration both the
breadth and depth of content so that student learning is optimized.
Instructional Materials can be classified by type, including print, visual and audiovisual,
among others.
PRINT Textbooks, pamphlets, handouts, study

guides, manual
AUDIO cassettes, microphone, podcast
VISUAL charts, real objects, photographs,

transparencies
AUDIOVISUAL slides, tapes, films, television, video,


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multimedia
REFERENCES
Tomlinson, B. (2003). Developing materials for EsP teaching. London /New York:
Continuum
Retrieved September 18, 2020 from
https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/seeur/14/1/article-p160.xml
Print Awareness Lesson Plan Related Study/ (2015) Retrieved from
hhtps:ww awereness/content /upload /2018lpdf
Molenda H. (2008) Advantage using Audio in Teaching and learn. Retrieved from
https://prezi.com/m/2q2piohefvso
Jaskulse B. (2008) Benefits of Classroom Audio. Retrieve from

https://sthash.H6mdRkwl.dpuf
Puja, M. (2018). The Use Of Audiovisual Aids In Teaching, Retrieved from

https://www.articlelibrary.com/teaching/the-use-of-audio-visual-aids-in-teaching-923-
words /6070
Beth, M. (2018 April 18). AV aids, Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/Manjubeth/av-aids-94197401
Khan, S. (2019) Advantages of Audiovisual Aids, Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/samkhan/adavantages-of-audio-visual-aids


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Liberty, M. The Disadvantages Of Aids In Teaching, Retrieved from
https://www.theclassroom.com/make-cue-cards-6110453
Barnard, R., Zemach.,D. (2003). Materials for specific purposes. Retrieved September
18,2020
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/CarrenMayManalo/the-teaching-of-edukasyon-sa-
pagpapakatao
Wilkins, Tieka (2015) Developing Instructional Materials,

https://www.slideshare.net/TiekaWilkins/developing-instructional-materials-47216084
Manurung, Konder (2017) Designing Instructional Materials

Edition: PertamaPublisher: Palu: Untad PressISBN: 978-602-6619-13-6

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Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

TITLE OF THE UNIT/CHAPTER

UNIT/CHAPTER VI – Instructional Materials Development for GMRC/Edukasyon

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

After the learning session, the following will be attained:

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsect

What is/are/ Instructional Material/s?

The Designer’s Role in Material Development and Instruction Delivery

The Delivery System and Media Selections

 The delivery system allows a particular instructional system to operate as if it was

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

Components of an instructional package

There are three major components of an instructional package.

1. Instructional Materials which are contained in content that is written, mediated or

Course Management Information

 Course management information is the general description of a total package, usually

Instructional Materials Must Be:

Frequently asked questions on preparing instructional materials:

1. What must be included in instructional materials?

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

2. What instructional materials are used in the classroom?

graphic organizer, strategic intervention materials (SIMs) textbooks and workbooks

3. What are the advantages of instructional materials?

Ability to serve as present and future reference materials.

Allows for visuals to be added.

Provides step-by-step instruction.

Easily updated content.

Answer the following:

Ways and Procedure

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

Do’s and Don’ts

Needs and Values

Advantages and Disadvantages

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

 Provides online newspaper Web  Might not stand out

Bonka, N. (2020). The Basic Principles of Print Media. https://askinglot.com/what-are-the-

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 6

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

N.A. (2011). The Importance of Print Media.

N. A. (2019). Advantages and Disadvantages of Print Media.

Parmar, O. Advantages and Disadvantages of Print Media. https://www.quora.com/What-

Shabbir, T. (2021). The Use of Print Media. https://www.quora.com/What-is-print-media

Walker, S. (2015). The Do's and Don'ts of Print Media.

Ways and Procedure

Do’s and Don’ts

 Do have clear pitch of audio

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

 Do ask the parents of the students

 Do consider the language

Needs and Values

Advantages and Disadvantages

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8

Study Guide in (EGE 4 – Good Manners and Right Conduct) Module

Frechett, C. (2019). The Use of Audio Media Effectively. https://www.poynter.org/reporting-

N. A. (2017). Audio Media Information. http://miltrainingdollydhang.weebly.com/audio-