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REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS
● Reproduction is a process in

which an organism produces

young ones (offspring) similar to

itself.

● Reproduction is essential for the

continuation and maintenance of

a species in the biosphere.

LIFE SPAN AND ITS STAGES
● The period from birth to the natural death of an organism is called its life span.

● Ageing and
● Juvenility ● Maturity ● Death.
Senescence

● During this ● Reproduction ● Ageing is progressive ● Senescence

stage organism begins during deterioration in the finally leads

body of the organisms. to death.
develops the this stage.
● The terminal
capacity to
irreversible stage of
reproduce.
ageing is called
senescence.
PURPOSE OF REPRODUCTION
● Continuity of Species: Reproduction maintains the continuity of species

● Population Organisation: Reproduction maintains population of the

young, adult and the aged persons.

● Variations: Reproduction introduces variations in the organisms. Useful

variations are essential for adaptations and evolution.

● Life: Life exists on earth due to reproduction in organisms.

ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
● A single parent is involved

(uniparental condition).

● Gametes are not formed.

● No fertilization.

● There is only mitotic cell division.

● Daughter organisms are

genetically identical to parent.

● Multiplication occurs rapidly.

TYPES OF ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
Fission:
● Division of the parent body into two
or more daughter individuals
identical to the parent.
Binary fission
● Division of parent into two small
nearly equal sized daughter
individual e.g., bacteria,
protozoans and planarians.
TYPES OF ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
Multiple fission
● Division of parent into many small daughter individuals simultaneously E.g.,
Amoeba, Plasmodium.
TYPES OF ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
Budding

● Formation of a daughter individual

from a small projection, the bud,

arising on the parent body e.g.,

Scypha, Hydra.

● Internal buds called gemmules are

found in some fresh water sponges

e.g., Spongilla.
TYPES OF ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
Spore formation

● Spores are propagules which

germinate to produce new

individuals.

● There are several kinds of spores

Zoospores of
namely, zoospores,
chlamydomonas

sporangiospores, Conidia of Penicillium

chlamydospores, oidia, conidia.

TYPES OF ASEXULA REPRODUCTION
Regeneration

● Formation of the whole body of an organism

from a small fragment (morphallaxis) e,g;

Hydra, Sponges, Planaria

● the replacement of the lost part

(epimorphosis) e.g;Broken tail of a wall

lizard
NEW TERMS

● Many people look older than the real age is called GEROMORPHISM

● Longevity or lifespan of an individual is called MACROBIOSIS

● An alternative term for regeneration is called NEOGENESIS.

 4% 6% 14%
9% 5%

9%
18%
6%

9% 20%