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JGJ 79-1991 The Building Foundations Processing Technical Specifications
JGJ 79-1991 The Building Foundations Processing Technical Specifications
STANDARD
OF
THE
PEOPLE'
S REPUBLI
C OF
CHI
NA
Te
chni
cal
c
ode
f
or
t
reat
ment
o
f bui
ldi
ng'
found
ati
ons
J
GJ
7
9一91
Ed
it
ed
b
y:Cl
-na
Ac
ade
my
o
f
Bu
il
di
ng
Re
sea
rch
Appr
oved
by:
Mini
st
y
r of
Con
str
uct
ion
of
P.
R.
Chi
na
Dat
e
of
Enf
orc
eme
nt;
Se
pte
mbe
r 1
,
19
92
娜。
洲
STANDARD OF
THE
PEOPLE'
SREPUBLIC OF
CHINA
Tec
hni
cal
c
ode
f
or
t
rea
tment
o
f b
uil
di
ng
f
ounda
ti
ons
JGJ
79一91
违傲他签心修救术,
}
c
tj
Edi
te
d b
y:
Chi
m Ac
ade
my
o
f Bu
il
di
ng
Re
sea
rch
App
rov
ed
by:
Mini
str
y of
Cons
truc
ti
on
o
f P.
R.
Chi
na
Da
te
o
f En
for
ceme
nt-
Se
pte
mbe
r 1
, 1
992
Bei
ji
ng
1996
Prpfar
Thi
s
bo
ok
i
s
th
e En
gli
sh
t
ra
nsl
at
io
n o
f
Tr
ade
S
tan
dar
d o
f
En
gin
eer
i
ng
Const
ruc
ti
on i
n Chi
na.
It
i
s
th
e o
ffi
ci
al
tr
ans
lat
ion o
f t
he
or
igi
nal
i
Chi
nes
e f
or
gen
eral
us
e a
s'
e
xami
ned
and
ap
prove
d by
the
Depa
rtment
c
St
anda
rds
a
nd
Nor
ms,
Mini
str
y of
Cons
truc
tion
of
t
he
Pe
opl
e's
Re
publ
i
of
Chi
na.
In
t
he
eve
nt
of
an
y i
nco
nsis
tency
betwe
en t
he Chine
se一langua
g
t
ext
of
t
he
Code
and
t
he
pres
ent Engl
is
h一l a
nguage
text
of
t
he Stan
dar
d,t
he
Chi
nese-l
anguge
t
ext
shal
l be
t
aken,:r;l
ina-
De
partme
nt
of
Standa
rds
and
Nor
ms
Mi
nis
try
of
Cons
truct
ion
of
the
Pannl
P,二Rf
.nnhl
ir
of
Chi
na
M
r
c
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e
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e
b
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t
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u
o
h
,
n
c
f
b
r
d
l
t
u
i
N
c
o
h
y
n
t
-
r
a
h
f
mn
e
C
y
a
s
p
h
,
m
r
i
n
b
o
e
a
r
1996
repr
oduced,
s
tor
ed i
n E
ns;e
lec
troni
c,
mech
ani
permi
ssi
on
of
t
he
Min-
Mi
nis
try
o
f Con
str
uct
ion
o
f t
he
Pe
opl
e's
Re
publ
ic
of
Chi
na
No.
JB(1992)116
Not
ic
e o
n Pr
omul
gat
ion
o
f t
he
t
rade
s
tandar
d "Te
chni
cal
Co
de
fo
r
Tr
eat
ment
of
Bui
ldi
ng
Founda
tio
ns"
一
甘组
s
hal
l
or
gani
ze
i
ts
p
ii
bl
ir
ati
on
March
7,1992
几,。名”
A- a
rea of
foun da
tion ba
se;
A.
- trea
t e
d area c
ar r
ied
by
one
il
p e
AP
- cross-se
ctional a
rea
of
a
pi
le;
b
- wi
dth
of
f
ounda
tion
ba
se;
D,
- r
ela
tive
d
ens
it
y of
s
andy
s
oil
;
, 」 ___‘__ 于‘ _:,卜 _k.c..
汪
一
dia
met
er
of
e
qui
val
ent
i
nfl
uenc
e c
ircl
e
1
__1- :一。 A
---:.- _r
. :I
..*},*.}.
e
- vo
id
r
ati
o (
por
osi
ty
r
ati
o)
;
几- sta
nda rd
val
ue of
bea
r i
ng c
apaci
ty
of
f
oundati
on;
f,
,,
- standard
val
ue of
beari
ng ca
paci
ty
on
unit
-cr
oss
-se
cti
on
of pi
le
bo
dy;
f,
,E standard
val
ue o爹beari
ng c
apaci
ty
of
t
he so
il
be
tween
pi
les;
九,
t
- s
tan
dar
d v
alue
o
f b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f c
omp
osi
te
f
oun
dat
ion
s
oil
s;
几- inde x of
plasti
city;
l- le
ngt h of
foundation base,pile
le
ngth;
m— r a
tio of r
e p
lacement f
or area;
p- pressur e
on foundation base;
p.- pressure fr
om soil
own weight
on fo
undat
ion
base;
qp- standa r
d value of bearing capaci
ty
of
the na
tur
a l
s
ubs
oil
a
t t
he
e
nd
c
pi
le;
q
.- s
ta
nda
rd
v
alu
e
of
t
he
f
ri
ct
io
n f
or
ce
o
f
th
e
so
il
a
rou
nd
a
p
il
e;
础- s
tan
dar
d va
lue
of
v
ert
ica
l be
ari
ng
c
apa
cit
y o
f a
p
ile;
s
- spac
ing of
pil
es;
U— deg
ree of
consol
id
ati
on;
w,- opti
mal water
cont
ent;
z- t
hic
kne
ss
of
c
ushi
o
n unde
rnea
th
t
he
f
ounda
tion
ba
se;
B--an
gle
of
p
res
sur
e s
pre
adi
ng;
4- c
oef
ic
f i
ent
of
c
ompa
cti
on;
Contents
Mai
n s
ymbols ・・・“・
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1.
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一 1
2.
Basi
c
requ
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..
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3
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Re
pla
ceme
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fi
ll
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g me
tho
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二4
3.1
Gene
ral
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reme
nts
..
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3.2
Des
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3.3 Cons
truct
ion ・
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3
.
4
Qua
li
ty
t
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a
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xami
nat
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n・・
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…9
4.
Pr
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met
hod ・・・
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・一 11
4.
1 Ge
ner
al
r
equi
rements・..
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4
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Des
ign ・
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4.3 Const
ruct
ion ・
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4.4
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ty
t
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二‘二18
5.
伪namic
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ompact
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od .
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・一 20
5.
1
Gener
al
re
quirements・.・・・
・・・
・、
・・・・
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・・・
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・…… 20
5.2
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gn ・
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5.3 Const
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ion ・
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5
.
4
Qua
li
ty
t
est
ing
a
nd
ex
ami
nat
ion ・
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6.
Vi
brof
lot
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on
met
hod,
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… … 25
6
. 1
Gener
al
r
equire
ments・・・
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6
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ign .
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6.3 Const
ruc
tion ・
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6
.4 Quali
ty
test
ing
and
examina
tion ・
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C
7.
Eart
h o
r l
ime-s
oil
pi
le
methor
l・ ・・
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2
7
.
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l r
equir
ements・・
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2
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gn・ ・・・
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, 3
2
7
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truc
tion ・
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4
7
.
4
Qua
li
ty
t
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5
S.
Sa
nd-
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vel
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le me
t h
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...
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3
6
8.
1
Gener
al
requi
rement
s・・・・
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8
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6
8
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ruc
tion ・ ・・
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…… 3 8
8.
4 Qua
li
ty
te
sti
ng
a
nd examinat
ion・・・・
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…… 3
9
9
.
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ng met
hod ・・
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一
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al去
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. 41
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11
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59
U nderpinni
ng
by
grouti
n g
1
1
Ctranorhani
na
of
fr
nindati
nr
乳 6( 左
A
pp
en
di
x
1
Es
s
en
ti
a
l
_s
ti
p
u
人 nna}rli.
l
at
i
on
s
f
or
l
oa
d
in
g,
・竿。COmDosltefoundatlor
f ?.lzxnlanati
nn nf:
w nrdinn in this
stanci
ara
^JJ:
‘:、.‘1 T了
rt}
1General
1.
0.
1
Thi
s
co
de
has
be
en
worked,
ou
t f
or
t
he
pur
pos
e o
f i
mplement
ing
th
e t
ech
-
n
ica
l
and
e
cono
mic
al
p
oli
ci
es
of
,
t
he c
ount
ry
in
d
esi
gn
and
cons
tru
ctio
n o
f f
ounda
ti
on
t
r
eat
men
t
en
gne
ier
in
g
so
th
at
t
he
d
es
ig
n
an
d
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
c
an
b
e
te
ch
ni
ca
ll
y
pr
gg
re
s-
si
ve,
e
con
omi
cal
ly
r
eas
ona
ble,
r
eli
abl
e a
nd
s
afe
and
e
nsur
e t
he
q
ual
it
y of
t
he
wo
rks
.
1
.
0.
2
Thi
s
co
de
a
ppl
i
es
t
o t
he
d
esi
gn
a
nd
c
ons
tru
cti
on
o
f f
oun
dat
ion
t
rea
tme
nt
wor
ks
for
ind
ust
ia
r l an
d ci
vi
li
an
bui
lding
s (inc
ludi
ng
st
ructure
s).
1.
0
. 3
In
ad
dit
ion t
o s
ati
s行i
ng the
requir
ements
i
n the
desi
gn
of
bui
ldi
ngs
a
nd
s
tru
ctu
res,
t
he
t
rea
tment
of
f
ound
ati
ons
sha
ll
b
e c
arri
ed
ou
t i
n t
he
l
ight
of
t
he
pri
n-
c
ipl
es
s
uch
as
pr
ope
r f
it
ti
ng
lo
cal
c
ondi
ti
ons,
us
e o
f l
oca
l
mate
ria
l
re
sour
ces,
pr
ote
c-
t
ion
o
f e
nvir
onment,
s
aving
i
n :
esourc
es, e
tc.
1.
0
. 4
Apar
t f
rom t
he i
mple
me nta
tion
of
thi
s c
ode,
t
he
t
reat
ment
o
f bui
ldi
ng
f
oun
dat
ion
s
hal
l
al
so
b
e i
n c
onf
ormi
ty初t
h r
ele
van
t s
tan
dar
ds
b
ein
g n
ow
i
n u
se
i
n
t
he
count r
y.
The des
ign of
f
oundat
ion
soi
l and
founda
tio
ns
on
t
reat
ed f
ounda
tion s
oil
s
hal
l be done
in
conf
ormity wi
th r
ela
ted provi
si
ons i
n t
he
Nat
iona
l St
andar
d "
Code
f
or
De s
ign of
Bui
ldi
ng Foundat
ions
"GBJ 7-89 .
1.
2
Ba
sic
Re
qui
reme
nts
2
:
0.
1
The
f
oll
owi
ng
t
asks
s
hal
l
he
a
cco
mpl
i
she
d b
efo
re.
se
lec
ti
ng
a
lte
rna
tiv
es
f
or
f
oundat
ion
s
oil
t
reat
ment:
1
; Co
ll
ect
d
eta
il
ed
d
ata
an
d i
nf
orma
ti
on
o
n e
ngi
nee
ri
ng
g
eol
ogy;
h州z
oge
olo
gy
a
nd
d
esi
gn
of
fo
und
ati
on
soi
l
ari
d f
oundat
ions;
2.
Det
er而ne
t
he
aim
of
founda
tion
soil
, s
cope
of
t
rea
tme
nt
as
we
ll
as
t
he
t
ech
-
ni
cal
and
ec
onomi
cal
i
ndi
ces
t
o he
reached
af
ter
the
t
reat
ment
3
. To
kno
w t
he
e
xpe
rie
nce
a
nd
c
ons
truc
ti
on
c
ond
iti
ons
of
一fo
und
ati
on
s
oil
t
reat
-
噢i
n
th
e
r
e
gi
o
n
a
s州a
s
w orx s 份x
p
e
or r
i
en
c
e
a
nd
u
r
e
rn e
s
e
g
i
o
o
n
f
s
f
o
.
un
dat
i
on
s
oi
l
t
re
at
me
sam e xina on si
n
t
in
m ilar
sires
in ocner
二 .2
va
lue
of
bear
ing
capaci
ty
of
t
he
foundati
on
deter
mined
by
this
Code i
n t
he
cal
culat
ion
of
ar
ea
and
depth
of
embedment
of
founda
tio
n bas
e i
n a
cco
rdance
with t
he
bear
ing
ca-
pa
cit
y of
t
he
foundati
on,
the
n t
he corr
ect
ion
coef
fi
ci
ent
of
foundat
ion
bear
ing
capaci
-
t
y c
an
b
e t
ake
n a
s z
ero
f
or
t
he
f
oun
dat
io
n wi
dt
h,
a
nd
t
hat
f
or
t
he
f
oun
dat
io
n e
mbe
d-
ment
de
pth
s
hal
l
be
t
ake
n a
s 1
:。
2
.
0.
5
Te
chn
ic
al
p
ers
onn
el
d
eal
i
ng
wi
t
h f
oun
dat
i
on
t
re
atme
nt
s
hal
l
ha
ve
p
rop
er
knowl
edge o
f t
he a
im of
fou
ndati
on t
rea
tment
whic
h they
undert
ake
for
t
he wor
ks,
pri
nci
ple
s of
str
engthe
ning,
te
chnic
al,
r
equi
reme
nts a
nd standar
ds
for
qual
it
y c
on-
t
rol
.
Th
ere
s
hal
l
be
n
omi
na
te
d
pe
rs
ons
:
'r
esp
ons
i
ble
f
or
q
ual
i
ty
c
ont
rol
an
d mo
nit
ori
ng
d
uri
ng
c
ons
truc
tio
n;
an
d f
or
ke
epi
ng
c
ons
tru
cti
on
l
ogb
ook.
Whe
n unus
ual
e
vent
s o
c-
c
ur,
t
hey
mu
st
pro
per
ly
s
olve
t
hem
to
get
her
wi
th r
el
evant
i
nst
it
uti
ons.
2.0.
‘Ther
e s
hal
l
be
p
erso
ns
or
d
epa
rtmen
t s
peci
al
ly
r
espons
ibl
e
for
q
ual
i
ty
s
o-
p
erv
is
io
n d
uri
ng
c
ons
tr
uct
i
on.
'Te
st
in
g a
nd
a
cc
ept
anc
e o
f
th
e q
ual
i
ty
o
f t
he
wo
rks
s
hal
l
be
c
arr
ied
o
ut
i
n a
ccor
dan
ce
wi
th
r
ele
vant
s
tipul
ati
ons
o
f t
he
c
ount
ry
up
on
t
he
c
omp
let
ion
o
f t
he
c
ons
truc
tion
wor
k.
2
.
0.
7
Set
tle
ment
obs
erva
tion
s
hal
l
be
c
arr
ied
out
dur
ing
c
ons
truc
tion
f
or
bui
ld-
i
ngs
wi
th
tre
ate
d f
ounda
ti
on,
an
d i
t
is
al
so
nec
essa
ry
to
kee
p o
n c
arr
yin
g out
s
ett
le
-
men
t o
bse
rvat
io
n dur
ing
pe
ri
od
of
t
heir
us
e f
or
impor
tan
t b
uil
di
ngs
or
for
bu
il
din
gs
whe
re
s
ett
leme
nt
i
s s
tri
ctl
y r
est
ric
ted.
3Re
plac
eme
nt一f
ill
ing
met
hod
3:
;
Gene
ral
r
equi
rement
s
m
c
e
l
o
d
l
n
s
a
t
3
I
i
"
n
p
s
e
.
G
o
u
1
B
c
l
.
a
s
h
7
t
i
1
n
一
a
f
o
2
g
T
s
l
5
h
r
-
f
,
e
o
i
p
b
8
r
n
l
9
a
e
m
i
t
n
c
p
h
s
d
u
l
e
m
a
c
,W
i
n
c
o
k
N
e
i
l
t
,
n
a
m
c
b
h
e
i
-
o
n
u
a
c
f
t
i
k
l
-
m
d
y
S
p
h
n
f
h
e
n
er
r
i
s
g
t
l
d
a
o
e
m
n
l
d
g
,
e
n
a
w
t
c
r
h
m
i
o
p
d
l
e
"
n
t
a
C
h
p
d
;
一
a
o
f
s
,
n
i
b
r
e
a
l
t
d
m
s
c
f
.
o
l
i
r
t
v
u
e
b
o
i
s
t
n
a
7
a
mpl
i
_
l
r
a
h
i
b
;
l
e
d
o
p
i
c
n
l
a
o
f
g
r
i
s
n
l
a
v
i
p
f
n
s
l
i
从
`
t
i
e
r
g
e
o
一
1
a
r
na
d
e
1
a
(
l
n
l
.
.
wi
t
i
f
l
l
)
h
.
,
7
i
s
i
a
u
s
n
e
挤
u
a
a
s
r
b
u‘
一
di
n
g
o.
L.
o
f
o
o
un
da
t
io
n,
t
h
efor
e
n坦少色
aesi
pr
o
n
gn
v
i
s1
i
o
`
of
n
7
,
s
Y
i
n
oui
lr
ling
l
ounaat
ions 七D
J 1一 。,snar
l De
3.1
.
2
The
de
sign
o
f r
epl
aceme
nt-f
il
li
ng
c
ushi
on,
t
he
s
ele
cti
on
of
mat
eri
al
s f
or
r
epl
ac
eme n
t-
fil
l
ing,
and
the
co
n s
tr
uct
i
o n
met
hodof
t
ampi
ng
shal
l
be
ca
rri
ed
out
o
n
t
he
ba
sis
of
co
morehe
hsi
v.a
p
nal
vsi
s
of
f
a,r
nma}
,Iha
} s
bui
l
din
g s
bape;
st
ruc
tur
al
ch
at
--
a
c
,
t"
e
7
"
r
:
is
t
i
aul
c
r
s
,
ll
na
,
tr
x
e
ty
o
f
l
o
ol.
I
a
d
s;
g
e
ol
og
‘
二
Vcai
I
‘一
“d
it
i
on
s
nubtri
,
c
al
o
n
s
5
‘
一“o
na
l
'p
‘
一’,
an
d“
・“
“,
3.2
Des
ign
3.2.
1
The
cushi
on
t
hickness
z
shal
l be
det
ermi
ned
based
on
the
beari
ng
capac
ity
of
u
nde
rlyi
ng
s
oil
s
trat
um
and
s
hal
l
co
mpl
y wi
th
t
he
r
equi
remen
t of
t
he
t
otl
wing
f
or-
mu
la.
p
z+p
.落f
: (s.
2.1一 1)
w卜Pro 户,
-
-a
ddi
ti
ona
l;
pre
ssu
re
at
t
he
bot
tom f
ace
of
t
he
cushi
on;
i。
f二
-一pr
ess
ure
f
rom
the
o
wn we
igh
t
ofsoil
s at
t
he
bot
tom
face
of
t
he
cush-
f=
一一b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f t
he
f
oun
dat
ion
s
oil
s
tra
tum
a
t t
he
b
ott
om
f
ace
o
f
t
hi
?ro
ahi
nn
少c
u
1
s
1
hi
o
L
.
n
:.
C
.
h9
i
c
n e.
呼粉h
o吧b
value
e州pg,
o i.
.
re
a
a
t
t
e
t
r
t
ha
he
b
tile aqt
n'
ott
3m
om f
ileiulia
ceof
al t
he
cushi
pressure on
can
be
3.2.1一3)
r
espe
cti
vel
y;
c
alc
ula
ted
i
n
a
,
si
mpl
if
i
ed
wa
y b
y f
ormu
las(3.
2.1一2)
and
(
For
s
tri
n f
ounda
tio
ns
b(p一PO
D=二 (3.2.1一 2)
b-E
-2zt
gB
.连 ・
Fo
r r
ect
angul
ar
f
oun
dat
ions:
况(
P-PO (
3.2.1一3)
P:
一(b
+2z
tg8
)
(1
+2z
tgB
)
whe
re
b— widt
h of
the
bot
tom
f
ace
of
r
ecta
ngular
or
stri
p f
oundat
ions;
l- l
ength o
f t
he
bot
tom
fa
ce
of
re
ctang
ular f
oundat
ions;
p- pressureat t
he
foundat
ion
bot
tom face;
人- pr essuref
rom t
he own wei
ght o
f s
o i
ls
at
t
he
f
oun
dat
ion
b
ott
om
f
ace
t
hickness
of
t
he onbeneat
cushi h t
he
f
oundat
ion
bot
tom
face;
;
二angle
of
pr
ess
ure
s
pre
adi
ngi
n t
he
c
ushi
on,
whi
ch
c
an
be
a
dopt
ed
a
c-
c
ordi
ng
t
o Tab
le
3
: 2.
1.
Angl
e
of
pr
ess
ure
s
pre
adi
ng
8(
0C) Tabl
e 3.
2.
1
Medi
um sand,
coarse
卜7
d
r
l
a
e
'
t
p
e
l
r
a
d
i
c
a
e
f
l
m
is
l
e
f
i
n
o
g
r
t
Cohesi
ve
soi
ls
s
and, g
ravell
y s
and, and Li
me
r
ounde
d gravel,
a
ngu- s
ilt soi
l
l
ar
gra
vel,
d
obble,br
-
o (
8<和<1
4)
ken
stone
0.
25 20 6
30
> 0.
} 50 30 23
No
te:
(!
) Whe
n z
/b<0
.
25,
0=3
00
i
s
ta
ken
f
or
l
ime
s
oil
a
nd
B=0
0 i
s
ta
ken
f
or
a
ll
ot
her
mat
eri
als;
②The value of
9 may
be obtain
ed by i
nte
r p
olat
ion
when 0
. 2
5<z /6<0.
50
3.
2.
2
The
cushion width
shall
me e
t th
e requi
rements
of
pre
ssure
spread
ing
at
t
he f
oundat
ion
b
ott
om face,
and may be c
alc
ulated
accor
ding
t
o t
he f
oll
owing f
ormu-
l
a or
ac
cor
ding
t
o l
oc al
experi
ences:
b'
>b+2
} zt
g8 (3.2.
2
)
where
6'
- wi
dth
of
c
ushi
on
base;
B— a
ngl
e of
p
res
sur
e s
pre
adi
ng
i
n t
he
c
ushi
on,
whi
ch
may
be
t
ake
n f
rom
Ta
ble
3
.
2.
1;
wh
en
z
/b<0
:25,
it
t
ake
s t
he
v
alu
e a
s g
ive
n f
or
z
/b=0
.
25
i
n Tabl
e 3.
2.
1.
The
wi
dth
o
f a
who
le一l
aye
r c
ushi
on
may
b
e r
eas
ona
bly
wi
dene
d a
ccor
ding
t
o
c
onst
ruc
tion
r
equi
rement
s.
The
top
sur
face
of
a cus
hion;
s
hould
be
enl
arg
ed
by
not l
ess
than 300 mm beyond
t
he
bott
om edge
s of
t
he foundati
on, or
s
ide
sl
opes
s
hould
be pr
o vide
d upward fr
om
t
he
two si
des
of
the
cushion bot
tom sur
fac
e i
n a
cco
rdance
with loca
l expe
rience
of
.5 .
f
s
t
o
i
h
t
u
e
n
;
b
d
3
e
f
a
.
o
t2
r
i
o
.
n
w
3
g
o
p
T
r
c
i
k
a
t
hs
p
e
a
x
o
c
b
f
i
e
t
a
g
y
v
r
e
a
i
n
ot
f
i
e
g
o
r
t
n
a
c
h
.
l
a
e
p
u
a
Be
a
n
c
r
d
i
p
t
e
y
o
r
s
l
o
e
y
f
,
i
r
n
t
v
g
h
a
e
l
s
u
o
c
e
i
u
l
s
i
s
h
g
t
i
r
v
o
a
e
n
t
u
s
m
ih
n
o
s
u
T
h
l
a
d
b
l
ng
e
b
e
3
d
.
v
e
2
t
.
e
r
i
3
ca
f
m
i
e
i
d
n
a
.
e
y
d
b
pa
e
y
'
c
h
t
e
o
s
t
c
i
e
i
n
g
a
o
n
d
t
y
of
v
ari
ous
ki
nds
of
,cu
sbi
ons Tabl
e 3.
2.
3
St
andard val
-
Con
str
uct
ion_
_ mat
eri
al
used'
f
or c
oef
fici
ent
of
com- u
e o
f b
ear
ing
Me
tho
d e
nt
a
nd
f
il
li
ng p
ac
ti
on凡 _ pr
ess
ure 人
(
kPa
)
Br
oke
n s
ton
e,c
obbl
e 200^-
300
g
rav
el
ly
s
and
wh
ere
b
rok
en
st
one
and
cobbl
e -
amount
t
o
200^-250
Si
t~ 。u为 of
tne.
tot
at
we
ight
g
rav
ei
ly
s
oil
wh
ere
b
rok
en
C
omp
act
i
on
b
y r
ol
le
r
or
b s
y
,to
ne
映co
b
b卜a
mo
un
t
t
o 0:9
4-v0:
97
150 -
200
v
it
ro-
ta
mpi
ng Weig:u
me
dium
sand,
c
oar
se
s
and
g
ra
ve
ll
y
sa
nd
c
oh
es
i
ve
s
oi
l
,s
il
t
y
so
i
l
(8
< 130^ 180
加<1
4)
0:93^-0:95' 200^-
250
l
i
me-
so
il
C
omp
ac
ti
on
by 一dyna
mics
oil
o
r
li
me-
soi
l 。.93^-
0:95 150^ 200
ta
mping
Not
e:'
①Fo
r c
ushi
ons
wi
th
s
mal
l c
oef
fi
cie
nt
of
c
ompa
cti
on,
t
he
st
anda
rd
val
ue
o
f
be
ari
ng
c
apac
ity
t
ake
s the
l
ow
val
ue;
叠
一
然}
v
t
m
l
ro
a
w
l
f
u
x
i
n
e
c
v
m
o
a
d
l
u
f
m
b
p
ey
a
w
c
d
m
t
r
h
i
y
o
n
l
g
e
d
s
t
l
u
c
n
i
.m
a
r
s
p
e
i
t
a
-
y
c
h
i
d
t
p
s
e
y
o
.
n
r
i
l
a
s
of
f
t
;
i
a
o
y
t
k
h
e
o
s
f
m
t
o
h
.
i
br
a
l
T
e
x
t
h
i
c
a
m
e
o
g
n
u
m
h
p
t
r
e
a
v
o
d
xl
i
r
m
w
u
d
y
e
r
i
t
:
d
m
h
e
n
h
d
s
oke
e
r
i
a
t
y
v
y
d
o
e
f
h
n
p
a
s
d
m
o
i
t
n
y
-
f
l
s
t
one'
oz
co
bbl
e
may
t
ake
t
he
v
alue
of
2
.
p.
-
..
2.
2
t/m'
。
e
x
5
1
i
st
3
s
a
2
.
w
4
e
a
F
k
or
a
n
bd
u
窦忿g
s
o
s
f
tr
i
a
m
t
up
m
o
r,
t
a
t
n
hc
e
e
c
o
ar
l
c
b
uu
l
a
i
l
t
d
io
i
n
n
go
s
f
u
tn
h
d
e
ef
r
o
u
t
hn
e
d
ac
t
u
i
s
oh
n
i
o
dn
e
f
of
r
默ts
h
h
e
a
rl
e
l
a
ls
o
be
p
erf
or
med
.
Fo
r
cu
shi
ons
.
hi
ghe
r
th
an
t
he
l
ev
el
o
f
th
e o
ri
gi
na
l
gr
oun
d s
urf
ac
e
or
c
ushi
ons
i
n whi
ch
t
he
de
nsi
ty
of
t
he
ma
ter
ial
f
or
r
epl
ace
ment
and
f
il
li
ng
i
s g
rea
ter
t
han
tha
t o
f t
he
nat
ura
l
soi
l
st
rat
um,
the
r
epl
ace
ment a
nd f
il
li
ng
sh
ould
be
e
xec
uted
a
s e
arl
y a
s pr
act
ic
abl
e a
nd
the
i
nfl
uen
ce
of
i
ts
supe
rimpos
ed l
oad
upo
n t
he
bui
ld
ing
a
nd
a
dja
cent
bui
ldi
ngs
s
hal
l
be
t
ake
n i
nto
a
cco
unt
.
3.
2.
5 The
mat
eri
als
f
or
c
ushi
ons
c
an
be
c
hos
en
a
s f
oll
ows.
1
.
Sa
nd
a
nd
g
rav
el
.
Th
ey
s
hal
l
b
e
we
ll
gr
ad
ed,
co
nta
in
ing
n
o
re
mai
ns
o
f
pl
an
ts,
r
ubb
is
h a
nd
o
the
r
imp
uri
t
ie
s.
Wh
en
s
il
ty
s
and
i
s
us
ed,
2
5/
0u
}30
肠br
oke
n s
ton
e o
r
g
rave
l s
hal
l
be
mi
xed
t
her
ein.
The
maxi
mum
gr
ain
s
ize
s
houl
d be
no
t gr
eat
er
t
han
5
0
mm.
For
c
oll
aps
ibl
e l
oes
s f
ound
ati
on,
n
o p
ermea
ble
mat
eri
als
s
uch
a
s s
ans,
gr
ave
t,
et
c.
shal
l be
c
hosen.
2
.
Pl
ai
n e
art
h.
Th
e c
ont
ent
o
f o
rga
nic
s
ubs
tan
ce
s
hal
l
no
t e
xce
ed
5
写in
t
he
e
arth,
and no f
roze
n ear
th
or expans
ive
;
soi
l s
hall
be c
ontai
ned t
her
ein. When broken
s
tone
containes
the
rein,
it
s grai
n si
ze
shoul
d be not
gre
ater
than
50
mm. Cushions
of
pl
ain
eart
h whi
ch are
used f
or fo
undat
ion of
colla
psi
ble l
oess
sha
ll not
contai
n any
br
ick,
t
ile
and
s
tone
bl
ocks:
3. Lime一s oi
l.
The mixture
rati
o by vol
ume shoul
d be 2:8
or 3:
7. The s
oi;
s
hould b
e cohesi
ve
soil
or
s
ilt
whos e讨a s
tici
ty
i
ndex is
more
than 4,
containing n
c
l
oose
and sof
t s
ubsta
nce.
The soi
l
s ha
ll
be si
eve
d and i
ts
grai
ns s
hall
be not gre
ater
t
han
1
5 mm.
Fr
esh
s
lak
ed
l
i
me.
wi
th
g
rai
ns
n
ot
g
rea
ter
t
han
5
mm
s
houl
d
be
u
sed
t
(
p
rep
are
l
i
me-s
oi
l.
4.
I
ndustri
al
was
te
sl
ag.
I
t sha
ll
be
fi
rm a
nd har
d, wi
th st
abl
e pr
opert
ies
and
n(
c
orr
osi
ve ac
tion.
I
ts
maxi
mum grai
n si
ze
and
mixtur
e r
ati
o shoul
d be
de
termined
b!
tests.
3.
2.
6
Fo
r c
ushi
ons
of
l
arge
r q
uant
it
y,
f
iel
d t
est
s s
hal
l
be
pe
rfor
med
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o
th
e s
el
ec
ted
ma
ter
ia
l
fo
r
re
pla
ceme
nt
a
nd
f
i
ll
in
g o
r
the
s
oil
co
ndi
ti
ons
o
f
th
e s
it
e
se
as
t
o de
ter
mine
t
he
ef
fec
t o
f c
omp
act
ion.
3.
2.
7
The
fi
eld
t
est
by
tampi
ng
wit
h he
avy hamme
r shall
d
ete
rmine t
he mini
mum number
o
f t
ampi
ng
cour
ses,
t
he
ave
rage
se
ttle
ment
due t
o t
he
las
t t
wo cour
s e
of
t
amp
ing,
t
he
e
ffe
cti
ve
dept
h o
f c
ompa
cti
on,
e
tc.
The
e
ffec
tive
dept
h o
f c
om
p
act
io
n o
f t
ampi
ng
wi
th
h
eav
y h
amme
r ma
y u
sua
ll
y r
eac
h a
bou
t 1
m,
a
nd
t
he
c
og
1
",};
h;ht
o of
s.
al
l
av}r
of
1
n.
-:
:i
S.
m t
hickness
can
be
el
imi
nat
ed
thereby.
l '
Z f
n nstrnrtint
3.
3.
1
Machi
nes
for
cus
hion
co
nstr
ucti
on
shal
l
be
sel
ect
ed
acco
rding
to
di
ff
eren
ma
trri
a !
二,,
grl
fo
r r
enla
rement
and
fi
ll
ing
. Smoot
h whee
l r
oll
er
or s
heepf
oot
rol
le
落簇少一
t
,
h
ic
kn
e
ss
,
i
d
ep
e
n
ne
d
in
gon
t
he
compact
t
c
ons
t
ons
p
r
e
uc
e
t
d
i
o
ona
f
l
ma
ch
nl
i
n
a
e
nt
s
s
h
ana
al
l
b
r
hP二
e
c
o
。;
nt
r
t}
o
nnai
l
le
d
r
t
:
- -i,
o e
nsr
‘_,.
e t
h
,
.
e
7
:}
a
.
.
_
h*
,.。
c
ompa
cti
on
by-
(
ave
rs
子
d
&
e
e
np
:
e
s
.e
c
t
8.
i
o
n
Wh
e
几
f
i
rs
t
,
n
t
h
a
n
el
t
h
e
c
u
e
'
s
h
s
h
a
i
o
l
l
o
n
w
s
of
pl
ai
n
ea
rt
h
an
ones
d
li
me
af
一s
o
t
i
erwar
l
i
s
e
xec
u
ds.
t
ed
b
t
卜。叮
y s
e
。ni
c
ti
o
ni
n
s
ntcel
,allh}
to;naa
n 泞、 11,1,、食
3.
4
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing
a
nd
e
xami
nat
ion
o
f
t
he
de
pt
h
o
f
e
ac
h
c
ou
rs
e.
4
Pr
elo
润ing
met
hods
4
. 1
Ge
ner
al
r
equi
reme
nts
4.
1
.
1
Pr
elo
adi
ng
met
hods
a
re
di
vid
re
d i
nto
t
wo
ki
nds,
i
.
e.
t
he
s
tat
ic
and
v
acuum
p
rel
oad
ing
meth
ods;
t
hey
ar
e s
uit
able
f
or
tr
eat
ing
f
oun
dat
ion
o
f s
atu
rat
ed
c
ohe
siv
e
s
oil
s
suc
h a
s mu
cky
so
il,
mu
ck a
nd hy
dra
uli
c
fi
ll
.
4
.
1.
2
Fo
r t
he
f
oun
dat
io
n t
o b
e t
rea
ted
b
y p
rel
oad
ing
me
tho
d t
he
d
ist
ri
but
i
on
and
vari
ati
on
of
s
oil
st
rata
bot
h i
n t
he
hori
zont
al
and
t
he
vert
ical
di
rect
ions,
t
he
l
oca-
t
ion of
the
pervi
ous l
ayer
and condit
ions
of i
ts
wa t
er
source
supply shall
be asc
e r
-
t
ame d
by i
nvesti
gati
on a
nd explo
rati
on in
advanc
e. The
rela
tio
ns betwe e
n the
coeffi
-
c
ient o
f co
nsoli
dati
on,
void
rati
o and conso
lid
ati
on pre
ssure o
f the s
oils, the
shear
s
trength
by t
ria
xialte
st
and
in一, it
u vane
shear
st
rengt
h, et
c.
shall
be
de t
ermined by
soi
l t
ests.
4.1
.3
For
wor
ks
o
f i
mpor
tan
ce,
pr
eloa
ding
t
est
s
hal
l
be
c
arr
ied
out
i
n ad
vanc
e
i
n t
he
s
elect
ed
t
est
zone
on
the
s
ite,
wit
h t
he
obser
vat
ion
of
vert
ical
def
ormat
ion,
la
teral
displac
eme nt,
voi d
wate
r pres
s ure and other
ite
ms and with
the in-s itu
vane
te
st performed.
The t
reatment
eefe
ct of the foundati
on will
be
analysed on the basi
s
of
the informati
on obtained
in
the te
s t
zone and will
be
compa red
wi th the
pr ee
sti
-
mated va l
ues
of
the on硕na l
desi
gn with necessar y
cor
rect
ion o
f the
design whi ch
wil
l
work as guide
li
ne s
for t
he desi
gn a
nd construction o
n the
whole si
te.
4. 1.
4 For buil
dings where t
he se
t tl
eme nt is
the p
r e
vail
ing requireme nt,
the
l
oads
s
hal
l not
b
e r
ele
ased
unt
il
'
t
he
de
for
mat
ion
va
lue
of
t
he
f
ounda
tion
r
emove
d by
p
rel
oad
ing
h
as
s
ati
sf
ied
t
he
de
sig
n r
equ
ire
men
ts
a
nd
t
he
a
ver
age
d
egr
ee
o
f c
ons
oli
da-
t
ion
of
t
he
l
oad
ed
s
oil
l
aye
rs
ha
s r
eac
hed
mor
e t
han
80写.For
bui
ldi
ngs
whe
re
t
he
b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f t
he
f
oun
dat
i
on
o
r t
he
s
tab
il
it
y a
gai
nst
s
li
di
ng
i
s
th
e p
rev
ail
i
ng
r
e-
q
uire
me nt,
the
l
oads
shal
l
not
be
rele
ased
unti
l
the i
ncre
ase
d st
rengt
h of
t
he
f
oun
ds-
t
ion
soi
l af
ter
pr
eloa
ding
has
s
a t
isf
ied
the
des
ign r
equir
ements
.
4.
2
Des
ign
I.
St at
ic
preloading me thod
4.
2.
1 The des i
gn of foundati
on tr
eatment by st
ati
c pr
elo
ad i
ng method
shall
be
done i
n the
fol
lowi ng st eps;
1. Sel
ect
ve rt
ical dr a
ina ge
measures
suc
h as
sandpi
le d
rai
ns or
pla
s t
icsdr
ainage
s
t r
ips and determi ne their di
ameter, s
pacing, plan l
ayout and depth;vertical
・ 11 .
dr
aina
ge
me
ans m
ay
n
ot
be
pr
ov
i
de
d
i
f
t
he
th
i
ckn
es
s
o
f
s
of
t
s
oi
l
l
a
ye
r
i
s
n
ot
l
a
rge
or
t
d
h
a
e
t
i
羚hc
a
t
o
e
i
n
s
d
t
f
m
a
e
y
i
g
n
t
r
s
h
en
m
i
t
r
u
o
e
f
d
q
e
u
c
o
t
,
i
r
hn
e
a
i
s
d
n
o
g
l
i
t
n
e
d
m
t
,
a
e
s
e
t
r
pi
c
e
o
f
a
n
l
r
d
a
,
t
c
o
i
n
f
m
c
lr
s
o
p
e
a
o
l
e
d
f
s
t
i
n
o
i
g
l
n
t
f.
a
n
s
d
t
r
t
e
h
n
e
g
t
h
a
i
n
m
,
t
e
i
s
c
t
i
o
a
p
f
b
ap
i
t
l
e
r
t
d
y
l
c
o
a
g
d
n
ai
s
n
o
g
l
s
i
:
-
t
一
三拼
:
o
s
f
1
i
t
l
h
,
T
e
a
h
n
be
d
u
i
l
o
c
d
a
i
l
n
d
c
e
i
gu
n
d
l
g
f
a
'
o
t
s
r
u
i
p
o
e
n
a
d
es
a
d
h
t
o
i
a
s
n
l
h
a
s
b
l
t
.a
e
c
b
n
o
i
l
r
i
t
e
y
l
sp
a
s
g
o
n
a
t
i
d
h
n
a
s
t
n
o
t
he
t
h
s
l
a
r
e
i
d
i
i
n
e
n
a
c
r
g
s
u
e
o
r
a
s
r
ounde
e
f
t
h
of
e
f
o
s
t
d
r
un
e
n
d
by
g
a
t
t
i
t
he
h
o
o
e
xt
f
n
s
t
h
h
a
e
rna
e
l
f
l
o
l
b
u
e
e
雌e
n
d
c
a
a
s
t
r
r
i
o
i
e
n
d
m
o
^
u
o
-
a
t
1
n
y
0
a
4
b
t
s
a
m
e
2
n
c
.
da
3
h
l
d
c
S
r
s
u
i
a
t
l
m
n
g
t
d
p
e
i
t
d
le
o
r
a
s
f
.
c
i
l
m
n
o
T
p
a
r
d
i
y
h
l
e
n
sg
a
e
v
q
i
r
e
u
t
n
o
i
3
v
c
t
0
a
r
h
l
d
e
s
^n
r
f
i
t
o
5
l
0
o
c
e
d
w
n
m
a
v
i
s
m
n
e
u
r
g
c
t
d
o
e
f
i
m
d
a
t
r
h
m
d
e
i
o
u
a
t
s
n
e
l
ma
r
f
o
e
:
w
n
t
e
y
h
r
s
i
l
o
e
a
f
n
td
h
p
e
l
s
a
w
n
t
o
i
d
c
r
s
k
w
s
d
i
.
c
r
k
a
s
i
n
.
The
com-
ha
ving
70
age
str
ips
2(
h+8)
Du导a (
4.2.3)
厅
二w
t
h
i
e
d
c
r
t
k
e
hn
i
e
(
s
f
n
t
o
h
e
f
i
n
p
tf
h
l
o
a
e
r
s
i
p
n
t
l
a
c
t
s
o
d
i
rc
a
s
i
n
d
v
a
r
i
g
l
a
e
n
b
sl
g
t
e
r
;
i
p
s
t
;
r
i
p
.
whe
re几 t
he
equiva
lent
conve
rted
di
ameter
of
pl
asti
cs
drai
nagestrip;
a一 一c
oeff
ici
ent
of c
onvers
ion;
it
s va
lue=0 .
75一 1.
0Q
may taken
b e when
42.
4
Eq
uil
at
era
l
tr
ia
ngl
e o
r s
qua
re
a
rra
nge
men
t ma
y h
e a
dop
ted
f
or
t
he
p
lan
l
ayo
ut d,
of
t
he
eff
ect
ive
dr
ai 。
钟嗯d
nage r
ai
n
pl
es半r
e
吵n
cynnaer b
e
tw
e
of e
n
t
he
d
one i
a
me
te
r
sano
orai
npue
and
the
spaci
ng
s betw een s
and
d
rai
npi
les
i
s'
t
o
akena
be
t c
cor
ding
t
o t
he
f
oll
owi
ng
r
equi
reme
nt:
Fore
qui
lat
era
l t
ria
ngl
e l
ayout d,
二 1.05s
.12 ・
For
s
qua
re
l
ayout d,
=1.
1
3s;
4
.
2.
3
The
s
pac
ing
b
ewe
en
s
and
d
rai
npi
le
s ma
y b
e d
ete
rmi
ned
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
c
ons
oli
dat
ion
c
har
act
eri
st
ics
of
t
he
f
ounda
ti
on
s
oil
an
d t
he
de
gre
e of
c
ons
oli
dat
ion
t
o
b
e r
ea
che
d wi
t
hin
t
he
p
red
et
er
min
ed
p
eri
od
o
f
ti
me.
Th
e s
pac
in
g b
etwe
en
c
ommo
n
s
and
d
rai
npi
le
s c
an
b
e d
ete
rmi
ned
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
d
rai
npi
le一d
iame
ter
r
ati
o
n
(n=
, whe
d
/
. re di t
s he di
ame t
er of
sand dramp i
le). The spa ci
ng b et we en c
ommon
sa
nd drainpil
es may be c
hosen ac
c o
rding t
o n=6一8 where as t
he s pa c i
ng between
sa
nd wicks or
plasti
cs drai
nage st
ips
r ma y
be chosen according to
n二1 5^-29.
4.
2. b The dept
h of
a s
and drai
npile
shal
l be det
e rmined in
accor da nce
wi t
h the
re
quire
me nts f
or the sta
bil
ity
and defo
r mati
on of
the founda ti
on.
For wo rks
c o
ntrolled
by t
he s
tabil
ity
agai
ns t
sli
ding of
the f
ound at i
o n, t
he depth
of
sa
nd dr ai
npil
e shall
exceed
the
mos t da
ngerous plane of s
liding a
t lea st
by 2m.
Fo
r b
uil
din
gs
c
ont
rol
l
ed
b
y s
ett
leme
nt,
t
he
s
and
d
rai
npi
l
es
s
hou
ld
r
un
t
hro
ugh
t
he
s
oil
s
tra
tum
t
o be
c
ompr
ess
ed
i
f
it
s t
hic
kne
ss
i
s
not
l
arge;
f
or
de
ep
a
nd
t
hic
k s
oil
s
tr
atum
t
o
be
c
omp
res
sed,
t
he
d
ept
h
of
s
and
d
rai
npi
le
s
hal
l
be
d
ete
rmi
ned
b
y t
he
v
al-
u
e of
def
ormati
on
which i
s
to
be e
li
minated
wit
hin
the prescr
ibed
pre
loadi
ng per
iod.
I
f t
he des
ign
dept
h cannot
be
reache
d under
the
condit
ions of
const
ructi
on pl
ant,
t
hen met
hods
such
as
surch
arg
e pre
loadi
ng,et
e. ma
y be adopted
to
meet t
he
requir
e-
ment
s of
the
works:
4
.
2.
7
Und
er
t
he c
ond
it
ion
o
f s
in
ge一g r
ade
or
mul
ti
一grade
l
oadi
ng
wi
th u
ni-
f
orm
spe
ed,
t
he
av
era
ge
degr
ee
o
f c
onso
li
dat
io
n o
f t
he
f
ound
ati
on
cor
res
pon
din
g t
o
t
he
t
ota
l
lo
ad
a
t t
ime
t
c
an
b
e c
alc
ulat
ed
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
f
oll
owi
ng
f
ormul
a;
U
,
一买q
_i
,o
Y'
o
-[
C
T;
-T
,
_,
,
一管一
’(
e
"i
-e
"
-0
1 (4.2.7)
W her
e U,- t
he
aver
age
de
gree
of
cons
oli
dati
on
of
the
f
ound
ati
on
a
t t
ime
t;
q; lo
adi
ng s
pee
d i
n t
he i
th
grad
e of
l
oad;
艺AP
一th
e
ac
cu
mul
at
i
ve
v
al
ue
o
f
l
oa
ds。
,al
l
g
ra
de
s,
Ti
-,,
Ti- t
he
s
tar
t a
nd
t
he
f
ini
sh
t
ime
f
or
t
he
l
oadi
ng
of
t
he
i
th
g
rad
e of
l
oad
r
esp
ect
i
vel
y (
cou
nti
ng
f
rom
t
he
z
ero
p
oint
).
T;
is
r
epl
ace
d
by t
when
the
degree
of
consol
ida
ti
on
at
t
ime
t i
n t
he
pr
oce
ss
of
loa
ding
fo
r the
it
h gr
ade
of loa
d
a,
P— p
ara
me t
ers,
t
o be
adopte
d ac
c or
ding
to
Ta
ble
4.
2
. 7
. 13 ,
Val
nuc
of"
.".
and 自 Tabl
e 4:
2.7
n by Consoli
dat
ion
丈
0
e
C
o
b
n
y
s
d
o
i
lr
t
d
a
o
n
a
i
s
o
g
n
e
Co
nso
li
dat
io
ver
tical
and i
nt - wi
er th sa
nd
Consol
ida-
C
o
n
so
l
i
d
a
d
rai
npi
le
s n
ot
t
ion
by n- n
i a
l r
adi
al
dr
ai
nage
(wi
th s
and
dra
in- runni
ng
t
erna
l &
r
a-
di
al p
il
es r
unn
igst
n h
r
oi
ou
沙'
l str
at
th
e
um
t
hro
ugh
the
soi
l
dr
ainag
e s
tra
tum
to
b om- t
e'
c o be c
om-
Para
met
er \ p
res
sed
) pr
ess
ed
一 护 -一 - 一- 一~ ~ - ,- 一
井 - 8 1 8 8。
甲 苏砚
“ r2 r2 万
2一F
8
C
d6
2厂8
C
,不下 8
Cy
夕 R
2Cv F
,
.
d,2
4
H
奋 t内‘J
:
C,.
- Coe
ffi
ci
ent
o
f c
ons
ol
id
at
io
n
by
v
er
ti
ca
l
dr
ai
na
ge;
八- r入dff*;
}。十w c
nns
nli
dat
ion
by
hor
izont
al
dr
aina
ttc
Fl- f
l诬et
anre
of
vert
ical
dr
ainage
of
t
he
soi
l st
ratum H i
; n们 睡 half
of
the
t
h
ic
k
ne
s
tni
s
of
th
e’
。’
‘
s‘
二,
um
,f
o
r
do
ub
‘
一wa
y
d
r
rkness 自t仁匕e Sol
a
i
na
g
tst
e
,
a
nd
H‘
・t
h
t
ratum f
or
one一 w av
aram aae:
自、 H,
、 一开 + H 。
H 一 一d
ept
h of
s
and
dr
ainpi
le: -
Hz
— t
he
t
hic
kne
ss
o
f t
he
s
oil
s
tra
tum
t
o b
e c
o呻r
ess
ed
b
elo
w s
and
d
rai
n-
n;
lPC,
F
.=去 Vn
)-3t<2一 n;2
;} l
1Ta1
. }}
C
nar
lnf
r
nt/
(`
.
d
}
1
o
,
;
1
(
4
t
4-
h
e
2
.
r
f
8
a
r
。,
t
l
,
F
i
e
o
;
r
r
o
f
Fs
;
a
t
l
h
n
i
e
n
d
i
rw
m
l
e
i
c
n
a
k
t
g
s
et
r
h
o
;
a
r
t
l
o
c
.
pl
t
.
a
h
.
w
s
e
t
i
r
c
ls
d
r
d
i
e
a
r
s
m
a
i
se
n
t
a
e
n
g
r
c
e
)
一
s
a
t
n
h
r
d
i
a
p
lw
s
i
b
w
t
e
h
i
t
h
s
a
m
k
l
a
e
r
n
lg
e
i
e
n
r
l
t
c
e
o
n
e
a
g
f
c
t
c
h
i
o
c
-
i
u
‘卜。。。。“。。.nnr
e
n
d
t
i
t
.
a
o
W
mf
e
h
p
t
e
n
r
r
m
t
r
h
a
e
nark
i
s used
i
n t
he
const
ruct
ion,
the'
inf
luence
of
smeari
n;
nf w ell
rrcistanc a
s
n
i
d
i
st
ur
ba
nc
e
sh
al
l
。 ;Pa*;
;
a
l
,
s
o
b
}
e
c
o
ar,
i
n
si
d
e
l
,
l
r
e
i
d
.
Af
t
e
< ,
r
t
he
i
n
fl
ue
n
rbanre
c
esdegree
have
been of
c
ons
consioli
dat
io
dered;
the
averae
.
,f
r
1}
f
nn}
la
tinn
wi
th
c
and
d
rai
nni
les
whi
ch
i
s c
alc
ula
te i.arrnrdancewi
d th
Claus
4
.
2
:
7
of
th
i
s
co
de
sh
al
l
b
e
mu
l
ti
pl
i
ed
by
a
r
e
du
ct
i
on
c
oe
f
fi
c
ie
n
, 卜。二, Val
ue
is
usu
.ii- ts卜e} ,公 (、 只n-- 0 qS
4
.2.
,ur
i
der
pr
ec
omp
re
ss
in
g
lo
ad
s,
t
he
s
he
ar
s
tr
en
gt
h
at
a
c
er
ta
in
p
oi
nt
i
n
th
f
oundat
ion o
f nor
mally
con
soli
dat
e d
an
d sa
tur
ated
co
hes
ive
so
il
at
any t
ime
ca
n be
c
alcu
lat
ed by
the
fol
lowi
ng f
ormula;
rf,
=rl
(
rf
a-
E△r z
<) (4.2.9一1)
Ar k=AOiv,
tg
%u (4.
2.9
一2)
wh
ere
r- t
he
s
hea
r s
tre
ngt
h a
t
that
p
oint
i
n t
he
s
oil
a
t mo
men
t t
;
r
fo
- nat
ur a
l s
hear s
trength i
n t
he
foundati
on
soil
;
Qrk- s
t r
ength
incre
me nt a
t t
hat
point
in
the
soi
l due
to
cons
olida
tion;
△‘— a ddit
iona
l vert
ical
pre
ssure
cause
d by
precompres
sing
loads
at t
hat
poi
nt;
U,- degr
ee
of
c
onsol
idati
on
of
t
he
so
il
at
t
hat
point;
9
1,- angle
of
i
nte
rnal f
ri
cti
on
of
t
he s
oil
de
termined
by
c
ons
oli
dat
ed一
undr
ame
d t
riaxi
a-
t
est
I- r
educti
on
c oe
ffi
ci
e nt
f
or
s
trengt
h a
tte
nuati
on i
n t
he s
oil
mas
s ca
used
by
s
hear c
reep,
its
range
may
be t
a ken
from
0.75 t
o 0.
90,
a
lower
val
ue
i
s t
aken f
or l
arge she
ar
s
tress
and a
highe
r val
ue i
s ta
ken
on the
c
on-
trary.
4.
2.
10
The
f
ina
l v
ert
ica
l d
efor
mat
ion
of
t
he
f
ound
ati
on
unde
r pr
ecompr
ess
ing
l
oad
s c
an
h
e c
alc
ula
ted
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
f
oll
owi
ng
f
ormu
la;
s
,
一:艺
,
" h
e
-
a
,
v; 1t eM
; (
4.
2.10)
wher
e s
f- f
inal
ve
rti
cal
de
for
mat
ion;
d
i
o
v
-
;
.
e rati
o c
orr
espond
ing t
o the
pre
ssur
e due t
o t
he own
weight
of
the
s
oil
at
the mi
d一p oi
nt of
the i
th s
oil
str
atum, d
etermi
ned fr
om the
c
urve
showing
the
rel
ati
on of
the
voi
d rat
io a
obtai
ned
by
laborat
ory
c
ons
oli
dat
ion
t
est
t
o c
ons
oli
dat
ion
p
res
sur
e p
C
i,e,
t
he
e一p
c
urv
e)
e
n- v
oid
r
ati
o c
orr
esp
ond
ing
t
o t
he
s
um
o
f t
he
o
ver
bur
den
pr
ess
ure
a
nd
s
upe
rimp
ose
d pr
ess
ure
o
f t
he
s
oil
a
t t
he
mid一poi
nt
of
t
he
i
th
s
oil
s
tratum, d
ete
rmine
d fr
om the
c
urve
showing t
he r
elat
ion o
f the
v
oid
r
atio a
o
btai
ned
by
lab
orat
ory
cons
oli
dat
ion t
est
to
consol
idat
ion
pre
s-
sure
p;
hi
- t
hic
kness
of
t
he
i
th
soi
l
st
rat
um;
E— e
mpiri
cal
coeffi
ci
ents =1.
1 -1. 4
for
nor
mall
y c
onsol
idat
e d
and s
li
ght-
(
y ov
erconsol
idated
founda
t i
on of c
ohesi
ve
soi
l, g
rea
ter value
will
be
t
aken
whe n t
he load
s are
consi
d e
rably
la
rge
and
the
foundation
soi
l i
s
weak,
ot
her
wise
smal
ler
val
ue
of
}
wil
l be
t
aken.
I
n t
he
de
for
mat
ion
c
alc
ulat
ion,
t
he
d
ept
h at
whi
ch
t
he
ra
tio
of
s
uper
impo
sed
・15 ・
p
re
ss
ur
e t
o
ov
er
bur
de
n
pr
es
su
re
i
s
0.
1
ma
y
be
t
ak
en
a
s
l
imi
t
o
f
de
pt
h
fo
r
th
e
st
r
atu
m
t
o'
be
c
ompr
es
se
d.
bl
anke
4
:
t
2.
11
mus
Fo
t
r
be
l
t
h
ai
e
don t
r
ea
t
me
nt
of
fo
u
nd
at
i
on
by
pr
e
lo
a
di
ng
me
t
ho
d,
a
d
ra
i
na
ge
sa
nd
mln 咖may
the
earth
surface
whose
tni
cxness
snouia
be
greater
than
.rvv
a
nd
i
n whi
ch
t
he
mud
c
on-
i
ng
z
on
S
B
s
b
h
a
e
l
i
n
c
l
d
o
n
f
b
d
o
t
e
e
t
r
a
i
l
n
t
e
h
s
s
e
d
.
c
t
b
T
o
zon e:
d
h
o
l
n
a
h
n
e
e
k
5
d
c
e
0
r
t
y
e
o
i
s
d
s
a
h
n
w
e
o
d
u
i
t
s
l
a
h
d
i
t
c
h
s
y
b
m
h
o
e
a
f
l
m
s
t
h
a
e
n
d
m
a
i
s
u
o
a
b
m
n
l
a
d
t
n
b
r
g
k
o
d
l
f
e
a
t
n
c
p
o
e
k
s
h
b
a
o
r
t
s
u
l
e
h
d
s
o
a
e
t
h
e
dr
ai
ned
wa
ter
f
rom
t
he
f
oun
dat
io
n b
eyo
nd
t
he
p
rel
o
f
g
I
a
r
a
l
b
d
i
i
n
s
e
be
g
r
pr
ng
i
z
e
e
ov
a
t
i
l
e
e
de
s
s
t
r
t
h
d
i
h
a
a
n
n
5
0
n
t
1
mm
.
5
he
t
/
pr
e
m'
l
.
oad
-
4.
2
.
12
T
he
s
a
nd
f
or
'
t
he
s
an
d
dr
ai
np
i
lsshould
e be
medi
um
and
c
oar
se
s
and
whose
mu
d
co
nt
en
t
sh
al
l
b
e
le
ss
t
ha
n
3%.
1 Va
cuum
pre
loa
ding
met
hod
4
:
2.
13
Sa
nd
d
rai
npi
l
es
o
f
pl
as
ti
cs
dr
ai
nag
e s
tr
ip
s mu
st
b
e p
rov
ide
d'
f
or
f
oun
ds-
井 1右 .
wit
h a
bundant
water
suppl
ying s
ourc
e in
the a
rea t
o be
tr
eat
ed,
ef
fec
tive
me
asur
es
sha
ll
be
ta
ken t
o c
ut off
t
he
a i
r
permeabl
e lay
er a
nd the
pe
rvi
ous
l
ayer
.
4.
3
Const
ruct
ion
(I)St
ati
c p
rel
oad
ing
met
hod
屯3
.
1
Th
e q
uan
tit
y o
f s
and
t
o b
e f
il
le
d i
nto
a
s
and
dr
ain
pil
e
sh
all
b
e c
alc
ula
ted
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
vo
lume
of
t
he
ho
le
a
nd
t
he
dr
y de
nsi
ty
o
f s
and
i
n me
dium
dens
e
s
tat
e.
Th
e a
ctu
al
q
uan
tit
y o
f
sa
nd
f
i
lli
ng
s
hal
l
be
n
ot
l
ess
t
han
9
5%
o
o
f t
he
c
alc
ula
ted
val
ue.
Dry
sand
shoul
d be
use
d f
or
fil
li
ng
sand s
acks a
nd shall
be
fi
ll
ed
dense
,
the
sand
s
acks
pl
ace
d in
the
hole
s
hall
at
l
east
be
higher
tha
n the ope
n to
p of
t
he hol
e by
200
mm
so
as
t
o be
buri
ed
i
n t
he
sand
bl
anket
.
4.
3.
2
The
i
nner
di
amete
r of
t
he
st
eel
t
ube
used
i
n t
he
const
ruct
ion
of
sand
wicks s
hould
be sl
ight l
y large
than that
of
s a
nd wi
c k i
n ord er t
o r
educ e dis
turbance
of
the f
oundati
on soil
during constru
c t
ion.
In t
he e
xecuti
on of s
an d wic
ks or pla
stic
s drainage st
r ips,t he deviati
on of
pi l
e
spaci
ng i
n pl
an sha
ll be not gr
eater
than th
e pil
e dia
me ter,
t he deviation i
n vert
icali
ty
should
be l
ess
than 1.
5%. Th e l
ength of
those
sand sacks or plastic
s d
r a
inage st
rips
brought
upward af
t er
the tube has
be e
n pulle
d out should not exc ee
d 500 mm.
4.
3.
3 Th
e p
las
ti
cs
d
rai
nag
e s
tri
ps
s
hal
l
ha
ve
g
ood
p
erme
abi
li
ty,
s
uff
ic
ien
t we
t
t
ens
il
e st
rength
and
bending
capaci
ty.
When pla
sti
cs
drai
nag e
st
rip
s nee
d to
be
le
ngthene
d, fl
at
lappe
d spl
ici
ng of
th
e
i
nne
r c
ore
plate
of
t
he f
ilt
e r
membrane
shal
l
be
adopt
ed, t
he l
apped
lengt
h shoul
d b
e
g
rea
ter
t
han
2
00mm.
4.
3.
4
Fo
r wor
ks
s
ubj
ect
ed
t
o s
tat
ic
pr
elo
adi
ng,
t
he
l
oads
s
hal
l
be
a
ppl
ied
gr
adu-
a
ll
y
an
d i
n a
g
rad
e b
y g
rad
e wa
y
ac
cor
din
g t
o d
esi
gn
r
equ
ire
men
ts.
I
n t
he
p
roc
ess
o
f
l
oadi
ng, observ
a t
ions for
it
ems s
uc h a
s verti
cal
de for
mat i
on, di
splac e
me nt
of
sid
e
p
iles
and
void
wa te
r pressur
e sha l
l be c
arrie
d out
e veryday.
The loading spe
ed s
hall
b
e stri
ctl
y c
ontrol
led based
on o bservat
ion data;
the dail
y ver
tic
al deformati
on s
hall
n
ot excee
d lOmm a
nd t
he dai
ly horizontal
disp
lace
me nt
of s
ide
pil
e s
shall
not
excee
d
4m m .
(1 ?Vac
uum prel
oadi
n g
method
4.
3.
5
Jet
vacuum pumps s
ho uld
be use
d a
s ai
r
ext
rac
ting
equi
pment
for
va
cuum
pr
eloading,
thei
r ins
tal
lat
ion
and a
rrangement
shal
l
be
deter
mined a
ccor
ding
t
o the
area
to
be prel
oaded,
t
he ef
fic
ien
cy of v
acu
um pumps a
nd c
onstr
ucti
on expe
rie
nce,
but
two v
ac uum pumps
sha
ll
be i
nst
a l
led
at
le
ast i
n t
he
zone
to
be pr
eloa
ded.
17
A,N
Tho n
nnp
}tr
n。二,
n v
acu
um
ni
nel
ine
s
hal
l
be
s
tri
ctl
y s
eal
ed
t
o av
oid
r
api
d
,_,
,, ,击。‘。n而 山爪 t
hd
mprnbr
anppf
ter
t
he
E)
umDs have
b
e
en
s
t
op
pe
d
r
::一
The ho
ri
zo
nta
l
dis
tr
ibut
io
n fi
lt
er
pi
pes
maytake
st
r i
p一 .
rnm n
- :
or leatner 一
(
h}
'r
in
Ari
n
,一)f
or
m a
rr
an
geme
nt.
Th
e f
i
lt
ernines
a
re
gene
ral
ly
l
aid
i
n s
and
井二
_
拭____‘_
p
r
e
s
tl
oa
d
in
g
z
on
e
}RA} ‘
。c
ar
r
s
h
y
and
io
nt
a
l
l
J通:Fn.;
r
l k、,
u
b
。‘
t
v
a
e
t
n
a
k
nnl
s
e
s
h
ake
s
e
n
r
t
e
a
r
t
o
+补 。
‘
・
oi
c
u
“
t
o
二‘
l
f
f
d
i
f
t
h
一4.
an
twnr
爪,,、
f
e
r
e
p
e
n
e
r
4.
kc
t
v
i
o
o
t
d
samnle
p
t
u
h
s
s
Oual
i
s
es
fi
t
r
a
t
he
二
r
。l
n
d
i
f
or
l
t
u
n
f
e
r
m:
v
test
nt
e
rt
e
"
t
n
r
e
t
l
o
abor
a
i
nl
d
l
r
d
ati
a
n
g
ng
e
d
pl
or
v
and
bvs
ac
e
t
t
s
o
est
i
exami
abi
f
l
r
i
t
ep
ng,
nat
y
r
a
e
s
so
i
g
e
on
ai
ns
nt
at
tnat
:.
t
i
sl
i
ve
t
o
di
ng,
nat
e.
st
.
ur
aoi
l
hol
e
it
y
i
f
of
t
ill
、。。 y
;a.
o.a:
o.l
.,.
I rhp
aff}rt
nffnnni
lati
nn treatm ent
cal
f
o
und
at
i
on
a
ga
in
st
s
l
id
in
w
,
f
a
t
-
e
4
r
:
p
l
4
r
t
.
e
h
2
s
p
s
T
u
r
i
h
r
n
e
e
g]
c
a
u
n
r
.
d
r
n
v
n
t
es
i
s
m
n
l
s
e
,
h
r
t
,
a
oe
t
w
i
c
n
i
n
.
n
s
g
h
d
t
a
e
h
l
f
o
e
r
bm
e
e
l
a
t
i
t
m
i
oe
n
n
l
s
y
a
h
n
w
id
p
o
s
t
r
h
b
k
e
et
d
d
w
e
o
e
c
u
e
r
t
n
e
e
d
u
o
e
r
f
f
io
n
c
r
g
o
m
n
t
a
s
ht
o
e
i
l
o
i
n
d
p
r
ae
t
n
i
l
o
d
n
a
t
di
o
m
n
f
g
e
d
;
i
p
f
ve
o
r
i
a
二
,一
“m
e
w
eFF.
i
t
h
c
or
r
es
po
n
d
e}t: .
i
n
(
g
de
f
or
ma
t
io
n
s
ha
l
l
b
e
c
al
c
ul
a
te
d
i
n」
o
r
r}a}tn,.” 十 ,,
3
e
yi
r
t
o a
nal
yse
t
h
i nrnvtnp haciq
tnr
determ ining tne unlU6ulw r卞ime_
r
d
z7
.
, i
hp
r
rppt
n
pnt
of
f
ni
r nr
l
ati
nn
by
va
cuum
nr
eloa
dini
;,
i
n a
ddi
ti
o t
o 0b
vacuur value
s
e
rv
at
i
o
- l
n
s
o
f
t
he
fo
u
nd
or thn
}
a
t
io
n
d
ef
o
rma
t
io
n
a
nd
vo
i
hranr.
.and"
.
atdl
ttprent
depths
wat
of s
er
and
nressur
drai
noil
e;
t
es
he
shal
l also
b 们 le a
s
u
re
d
.
T
he
・・
・
一‘u
e
s
s
ha
l
l
m
ee
t
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
,
L
.reaui
rem ent;
4.
4.
4
Vane
shea
r te
s t
s a
nd l
abor
ato
ry s
oil
t
est
ing
sha
ll be
c
arri
ed out
for
the
f
ounda
t i
on
a
fter
i
ts
pr
eloadi
ng t
rea
tment
i
n or
der
to
exa
mine
the
ef
fec
t of
tre
atment.
. 19
S
Dyna
mic
c
ompa
cti
on
met
hod
5,
1 Ge
ner
al
r
equi
reme
nts
g
s
l
o
i
r
v
e
g
s
a
5
s
;
t
o
,
m
e
i1
l
s
.
(
g
,
1
c
i
r
e
t
A
a
l
s
v
y
a
s
e
pa
c
n
u
l
燕
t
m
r
,
d
s
p
a
h
n
l
a
c
d
i
t
i
l
y
n
b
o
s
n
f
e
o
i
l
d
m
.
e
,
F
t
lo
e
h
r
w
m
o
l
d
y
f
i
o
n
i
s
u
e
a
on
d
n
s
t
u
b
a
r
i
y
t
a
i
o
t
b
e
n
l
d
s
wi
t
e
t
o
s
i
f
n
o
l
g
t
h
r
y
o
i
t
g
n
r
ah
e
l
t
a
d
y
h
t
e
i
c
s
n
o
a
g
h
t
i
h
r
e
u
f
e
o
s
r
a
i
w
u
v
t
n
e
h
d
e
s
a
no
t
i
d
o
l
s
t
y
n
,
c
o
a
f
m
n
l
pl
a
s
d
i
a
o
c
p
i
c
l
s
o
-
i
a
h
b
m
g
e
l
c
-
e
ment
ls Or
t
o
be
c
ar
ri
ed
c
ut
b
y b
ack一f
i
ll
in
g t
he
t
amp
ed
h
oll
ows
wi
t
h p
ebb
le,
br
oke
n s
to
ne ot
her
c
oar
se一g
rai
ned
ma
ter
ial
s
c
i
d
n
h
e
g
o
t
e
s
o
r
e
5
m
n
.
{
a
n
一
一
熟t
d
t
y
n
s
h
i
g
e
a
n
d
t
c
a
y
o
s
t
n
h
m
i
v
a
p
p
e
m
l
e
n
i
b
c
x
a
e
t
i
c
u
y
o
p
r
e
m
e
o
r
f
o
p
a
b
n
c
r
u
t
m
i
h
l
o
e
d
s
o
n
i
c
.
,
o
g
T
n
s
h
e
i
t
r
e
o
u
n
,
r
c
u
s
t
m
s
i
o
e
b
p
n
v
e
f
b
u
s
r
o
i
a
t
f
l
e
c
a
t
o
e
n
s
d
i
t
r
z
e
u
o
n
c
t
e
a
i
o
s
t
l
d
i
n
v
s
e
h
c
a
t
h
l
m
e
i
n
b
p
e
-
g
s
5.2
Des
ign
5:
2.
1
The
dept
h o
f
ef
fec
ti
vest
reng
the
ning
of
t
he
methodof
dynamic
compa
cti
on
lb
shal e
dete
rmin
ed by
te
nta
tiet
v ampi
ng on
the
s
ite
o
f byloc
a l
expe
rie
nce;
When
there i
s l
ack
of
t
est
da
ta
o
r expe
rien
ce,
t
his
de
pth
c bee
an sti
mat
ed
ac
cor
ding
t
o
Ta
ble
5
:
2.
1
De
pth
o
f
ef
fe
ct
iv
e
st
re
ngt
hen
ing
b
y d
yna
mic
co
mpa
cti
on Tal
be
5;
2.
1
C
omp
ac
t
吧e
a
si
n
er
g
沙・
ngie
zam 即 1
i9
Soi
l-a
ggr
egat
e, s
il
ty
s
oil
,co
hesi
ve
s
oil,
s
andy
s
oil
s
' c
oll
aps
ibl
e
l
;o
ess,
et
c.
(
k1
`1
:
m)
5.0
-6.
0 4.0- 5.
0
1
000
别。
。 6.0- 7.0 5.
。一6。
3
。。
。--
-一 7.0- 8.0 ‘卜 7.
。
4000 8.0^ 9.0 7.0- 乐 0
9.0- 9.5 ..0-8
8 一8
..5
5
〔旧。
6
000 9.5一10.0 8.
5一9
.0
Not
e :
The
介c
o
ve
d
e
pt
h
o
f
s
t
re
n
gt
he
n
in
g
b
y
d
yn
a
m
from roe plane 01 i
c
c
o
m
e01
1
p
1
a
c
ti
o
n
s
ha
l
l
b
e
Pacti
c
ou
n
te
d
o n
scar .
‘
・2.
2
T、
he
c
omp
act
io
n e
ner
gy
f
or
a
s
ing
le
t
amp
ing
i
n d
yna
mic
c
omp
act
io
n s
hal
l
・2
0。
be dete
rmined
by consi
der
ing compre
hensi
vel
y t
he sor
t o
f foundat i
on soi
l,
type
of
st
ru c
ture,
magni
tude of
l
oad and t
he r
equi
red
dept
h of
tre
atme nt and by tent
ati
ve
ta
mpi ng on
the
sit
e.
Genera
lly,
i
t t
ray
be 1
000^-30
00 kN.
m/ mz for co
a rs
e grai
ned
s
oil
,an
d 1
500
-40
00k
N.
m/
mz
f
or
f
ine
-gr
ai
ned
s
oil
.
5.
2 . 3
The n
umbe r of
tampings
a t
a t
a mping point shall
be deter
mi ned
by the
curve s
howi ng t
he rel
ati
on betwe e
n the
numbe r of
tampi ngs
and s
ettl
eme nt
due to
tamping whic
h has
been obtai
ned in
the
tent a
t i
ve ta
mpi ng on the si
te;
i
n t
he
me an-
ti
me it
s hall
sati
sfy
the fol
lowing c
ondit
ions,
1. The average se
ttle
me nt
due to tampi ng for the last
two t
ampi ngs
is not
great
er t han
5 0mm, and not
greater
than 100mm f
or large c
ompa cti
on energy
for a
s
ing
le
t
amp
ing;
2
.
Ther
e sha
ll
be
no e
xc e
ssi
vely
lar
ge
hea
ving
of
the g
round
s
urfac
e a
round
the
t
amped
h
oll
ow;
3
.
The
tamped
holl
ow shoul
d not
be
so
de
ep a
s t
o make t
he
ho
ist
ing
of
the
ha
m-
mer
di
ffi
cul
t.
5.
2.
4 The
number of
times
of c
ompa ction
shall
be
det
ermined a
c c
o r
ding t
o t
he
propert
ies
of
the
foundat
ion
soi
l,general
ly,2-3 t
imes may
be
adopted,foll
owe d
by
a
fi
nal c
ompa ct
ion
with l
ow ener
gy over t
he whole
surfa
ce.
For fin
e grai
ne d
soil
wi
th
we ak
perme a
bil
it
y, the
numb e
r'
of ti
me s of co
mp acti
on
ma y be appropria
tel
y i
n-
c
rea
sed
i
f
nec
essar
y .
5.
2.
5
Ther
e shall
b
e a
c
ert
ain
t
ime
i
nte
rva
l b
etwe
en
t
wo
c
our
ses
of
c
ompa
cti
on,
The t
ime
inter
val
d
epe
nds
on
the
ti
me of
dis
sipat
ion
of t
he exc
ess
voi
d wat
er p
res-
sur
e i
n s
oil.
When
in
l
ack
of
meas
ured
data,i
t may b
e dete
r mi
ned
acc
ordi
ng t
o the
pe
rmea
bil
it
y o
f t
he
f
ound
ati
on
s
oil
,and
i
t
sha
ll
be
no
t l
ess
t
han
3
-4
wee
ks
f
or
f
oun
-
da t
ion
of cohesive
soil
wi t
h l
ow per
me abili
ty;
continuous tamping may be ta
ken for
foundation wit
h good permeabi li
ty.
5.
2. 6 The positi
ons of
tam i ng paints
can be arranged i
n equilat
eral
tri
a ngl
e,
isoscel
es t
riangle
or square
lay out.
The s p
acing betwe e
n tamping points
in t
he fi
rst
course of c ompacti
on may be 5一9 m, the spa c
ing between subs equent c
our ses of
compa ction may
be the same as that
in t
he firs
t cour se
or ma y
be suit
ably
reduc ed
For wor ks wi t
h greater
depth of tr
eatment or requi
r ing l
arger c
ompa cti
on energy for
a s
ingle t
ampi ng, the spac
ing between t
ampi ng p oints shal
l b e appropri
ately in-
c
re
as
ed
5.
.?
2. The
a
rea
o
f d
ynami
c犷r
eat
ment
s
hal
l
be
gr
eat
er
t
han
t
hat
of
t
he
bui
ldi
ng
f
ound
ati
ons.
The
wi dt
h by
whi
ch
eac
h si
de e
xceed
bey
ond t
he
oute
r edge
s of
t
he
f
ound
ati
ons
shoul
d be 1/
2^-
2/3
of
t
he d
esi
gn de
pth
of
tr
eat
ment
and
shoul
d be
n
ot
. 2t .
l
e
ss
t
a
h
a
w
n
3m
A
:一__ r
,
,・汤一a
rz.
.tesi
program me
or.
aynam i
c on i
com pacti s wor
ked n ac
out
i cor
dance
t
he
exec
u-
c
w
t
i
o
m
t
n
h
p
oa
t
f
h
c
t
e
h
e
e
d
pr
t
s
e
i
l
t
n
i
e
m
ta
o
i
t
n
i
a
v
e
r
e
^
i-
l
c
y
o
s
e
m
d
v
e
pt
a
r
e
c
r
t
l
m
i
o
w
in
e
.
e
d
k
M
s
pe
a
r
f
s
a
t
u
e
m
r
re
t
m
h
e
e
r
s
nc
t
o
s
f
m
a
d
p
ny
l
d
e
n
t
a
i
e
m
o
s
n
t
i
s
c
o
s
c
f
h
o
t
am
h
l
e
p
b
a
t
c
e
et
n
c
i
o
t
a
n
r
t
if
v
e
o
d
r out
f
or
t
he
compac
tion
a
w
e
b
c
f
i
t
e
o
a
h
c
r
d
t
o
h
i
pn
o
f
t
g
s
e
d
y
t
o
n
f
b
a
t
r
mh
a
e
t
i
c
n
h
d
e
c
i
d
o
f
w
m
e
fo
r
p
e
a
k
n
m
c
s
t
.
i
s
o
'
h
ne
i
l
a
m
c
n
o
e
d
a
n
s
d
ue
i
t
r
i
e
o
m
r
n
s
e
i
n
.
t
e
T
s
h
a
t
e
n
d
p
a
te
r
a
s
t
s
m
h
b
e
u
t
se
f
o
r
s
b
e
o
t
a
c
f
i
o
n
dm
y
e
n
d
p
a
s
m
c
h
t
i
a
c
ol
n
c
'
o
b
t
m
e
o
p
c
a
o
hc
m
e
t
i
p
k
o
a
n
r
t
e
h
d
o
5.
3
Const
ruct
ion.
一
f
t
4
s
a
h
o
0
c
e
i
k
l
s
P
p
.
5
a
r
h
,
o
:
S
3
p
'
e
u
T
.
vl
r
1
h
e
d
t
-
T
i
b
e
a
s
l
t
i
箱
pr
t
f
r
h
f
o
eh
s
o
r
t
u
e
m
n
a
g
.
t
i
h
a
c
s
.
T
m
h
p
b
o
r
e
l
i
t
ovi
n
s
a
g
o
r
u
e
m
h
a
r
p
e
s
m
o
t
h
f
m
o
n
it
u
e
s
l
r
d
b
m
t
o
a
t
p
o
k
y
e
s
t
m
b
o
u
a
r
e
s
f
a
m
u
c
s
a
e
u
l
a
s
y
e
h
l
r
t
y
oa
v
u
k
l
e
d
0
u
^
t
b
e
h
-
e
f
2
o
d
5
s
v
re
y
t
a
.
m
f
l
e
i
I
u
n
r
m
t
e
s
o
g
i
b
t
n
f
r
e
i
a
t
c
2d
5
n
o
l
b
-
e
m
d
y
ded on
300m m
t
he
b
ott
om
fac
e of
t
he
ha
mmer;
t
he
di
amet
er
of
hol
e ma
y be
2
50一
一
岌厂
pi
n
e
c
u
h
pe
c
t
av
e
s
i
o
l
i
s
a
ne
r
n
e
o
s
y
me
f
ca
a
d
y
us
s
ha
s
u
n
‘.3.
e
r
e
a
l
l
s
mi
5
d
s
h
be
a
c
Whe
de
t
c
l
a
s
l
b
omp
n
ri
a
t
me
c
e
t
c
e
r
a
k
t
i
he
v
nt
a
t
e
o
i
a
i
n
n
n
s
br
l
a
i
ed
o
a
t
nf
i
be
s
n
o
for
t
t
ons
l
ue
e
o
c
pr
nc
e
a
u
o
t
he
s
co
e
l
o
duc
on
e
a
mme
s
s
a
d
dja
c
nc
n
d
d
e
me
a
ma
by
e
t
n
t
g
e
he
nt
of
s
exe
bu
il
dyna
due
c
di
t
o
u
ng
t
i
mi
t
o
s
ccompact
he
exe-
nof_
dyna
orequi
mi
pme
ion:
c
c
and
omp
nt,
pr
ev
a
c
e
t
nt
i
on
i
ve
p
r
e
c
s
t
a
5
u
.
t
e
3
i
o
.
n
6
s
p
T
a
h
g
s:
e
a
i
e
n
x
st
e
c
v
u
ib
t
i
r
o
a
n
ti
o
n
f
d
o
y
r
n
ma
m
e
a
ic
s
u
c
r
oe
m
s
p
f
o
a
r
c
t
v
io
i
b
n
ra
c
a
t
i
n
on
b
e
i
sc
o
a
l
a
r
t
ri
o
e
d
n
s
o
h
u
a
t
l
l
i
n
be
t
h
t
e
ak
f
o
e
l
no
.
w
in
g
22 .
1.
Clear
up and lev
el t
he
const
ruct
ion s
it
e;
2.
Mar k
out th
e positi
ons
of
t
he t
amping point
s o
f t
he
fi
rst
c
ourse
and
ma ke
l
ev-
e
li
ng s
u r
v e
ying of
the si
te.
3.
The crane c
o mes in
to
posi
ti
on so
that t
he t
amping
hamme r
l
ies
in
al
ignment
wi
th
t
he
t
amp
ing
p
oint
.
4.
Mea sure
the l
evel
(alt
it
ude) of
the
hammer to
p bef
ore c
ompa ct
ion; hois
t the
t
amping hamme r u
p to pr
edeter
mi ned
hei
ght;
l
owe r
t
he ho
ist
ing h
oo k; and measure
t
he l
evel(a
ltit
ude) of
the
top of
the
hammer aft
er
the
hammer has
left
the hook
a nd
f
all
en f
reel
y. If
it
is
found t
hat
the hammer l
ie
s as
kew due
to
the
slant
ing bottom of
t
he
ho
llo
w,
t
he
bot
tom
sha
ll
b
e t
ime
ly
l
eve
led.
6.
Repeat
s
tep 5a
nd complete
t
he c
omp act
ion at
one t
amping point
a
ccordi
ng
to
t
he
numbe r
of
ti
me s
of
compa ct宝
on
and
control
cri
teri
a s
pecifi
ed
by the
desi
gn.
7.
Repeat
s
teps 3一6 unti
l
the
compact
ion
of all
the
tamping
points
i
n the
fi
rst
-
c
our
s e
has
been
completed;
8.
Level
t
he t
ampe d
hol l
ows wi
th
a
bulldoz
e r
and make t
he l
eveli
ng s
urveyi
ng
of
t
he
si
te;
9.
Afte
r a
specifi
ed t
ime
inte
rval,
complete
course by course
al
l
the
courses
of
c
ompacti
on ac
cording to
the
above menti
o ne
d steps, and procee
d fi
nal
ly wit
h the
c
ompacti
on on t
he whole
si
te wit
h l
ow compacti
on ene r
gy t
o have
the
superfi
cia
l
l
oos
ened so
il
densely c
ompact
e d
and make le
veli
ng surveying of
the
si
te
afte
r com-
pact
ion.
5.
3.
7 Per
sons shal
l be assi
gne d
to
be responsi
ble f
or t
he f
oll
owing
monit
ori
ng
a
nd
measurement
s in t
he process of
exec
ut i
on of
dyna mi
c c
ompacti
on,
1
. The weig
ht o f
the hamme r
and the
fall
height
shal
l be
chec
ked
bef
ore t
he
c
ommencement
of
comp action
tc:
ensure
that
the co
mpa ct
ion e
nergy
of
a
si
ngl
e t
amp-
i
ng
co
mpl i
es
with
the design r
equi r
ements;
2
.
Ch
eck
t
he
s
ett
ing
o
ut
o
f t
he
t
amp
ing
p
oin
ts
b
efo
re
e
ach
c
our
se
o
f c
ompa
cti
on,
e
xami
ne the
posi
ti
ons of
tamped
holl
ows
af
ter
t
amping,
and
the
devi
ati
ons
or
the
on-
c
ompact
ed poi
nts
thus f
ound s
hall
be
ti
mel
y c
orre
cted.
3
.
Che ck
up
the t
imes of
tampi
ng a
nd
the
set
tl
ement c
ause
d by e
ach
tamping
at
e
ver
y t
ampi
ng poi
nt
in
acc
ordam_a
with t
he desi
gn r
equir
eme nts.
5.
3.
8
Det
aile
d r
eco
rds o
f the
va
rious par
ameters
and t
he const
ruc
tion
s
ituat
ions
shal
l be
kept
.
5.
4
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing
a
nd
exami
nat
ion
5.
4.
1
Exami
ne
the
t
est
and
measurement
dat
a and
const
ruct
ion
records
i
n t
he
23
p
roc
ess
o
f
d y
nami
c c
ompac
ton
.
54 .
2 The
qu
ali
ty
o
f
the
f
oun
dat
io
ncan
onl
y be
e
xami
ned
a
fter
a
c
ert
ain
t
ime
i
n-
三寸一
24
‘ V iha
-nflM afinn
,r
ro*i,
n
6
.
1
Ge
ner
al
r
equi
reme
nts
‘.1.
1 Vibrofl
otati
on meth
ods are
c l
assi
fi
ed a
s vi
brof
lot
ation
repl ac
ement and、
brofl
otati
on compa ct
ion ones.
The vibrofl
otat
ion
repla
cement method i
s suitable f
}
tre
atin
g f
oundation of
co hesi
ve toi
l which t
he undrai
ned
shea r
st
r ength is not le
:
than 20kPa, silt,
saturated l
oess and ea
rth fi
ll
. The vibrofl
otation compa cti
c
method i
s sui
table
for t
rea t
ing
foundati
o n
of
sandy
soil
s
and si
lt.
Vibr ofl
otation con
pact
ion method without
a ddi
ng fi
lli
ng materi
al
can
only
be s
uitabl
e for tr
eating foul
d
ati
on
o
f c
oar
se
a
nd
me
diu
m s
and
s wi
th
c
ohe
siv
e g
rai
n c
ont
ent
l
ess
t
han
1
000
.
‘.1.
2
For
l
arge i
mport
ant
wor
ks
or
for
works
wit
h co
mpli
cat
ed
sit
e condi
ti
ons
t
est
s sha
ll
be
ca
rrie
d out
on
si
te
of
re
pre
s e
nta
tive
ch
arac
ter
be
fore
t
he normal c
on
st
ruct
ion.
6
.2.
De
sig
n
(I)Vib
rof
lot
ati
on
r
epl
aceme
nt
metho
d
6.
2.
1
The
a
rea
to
be
t
rea
ted
sha
ll
b
e d
ete
rmi
ned
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
i
mpo
rta
nce
c
the
bui
ldi
ng and
to
the
si
te
condi
ti
ons,
bei
ng
usual
ly
l
arge
r t
han t
he
ar
ea
of
t
he f
oun
dat
ion
base. For
or
dina
ry f
oundat
ion,
the
ar
ea s
houl
d be
enla
rged
by
1^-
2 r
ows o
pi
l
es
b
eyo
nd
t
he
o
ute
r e
dge
s o
f
th
.fo
und
ati
ons
= f
or
l
i
que
fi
abl
e
fo
und
ati
on,
2一4
r
ow
of
pi
le
s s
hall
be
provi
ded
beyo
nd t
he
oute
r e
dges
of
th
e foundati
on.
6.
2.
2 For
la
rge a
rea
whole
s
it
e t
rea
tment,
e
quil
ater
a l
t
riang
le
la
yout
of
pi
le。
。
s
mon
s
sh
oul
d
i
te
a
dop
te
d;
f
or
i
nd
iv
id
ual
or
s
t
ri
p
fo
ot
in
gs,
s
qua
re,
re
ct
an
gul
a
r o
:
i
sos
cel
es
t
ria
ngl
e l
ayou
t s
houl
d块 us
ed.
6
. 2.
3
Pi
le
s
pac
ing
s
hal
l be
de
ter
mine
d i
n ac
cor
danc
e wi
th
l
oad
s and
s
hea
i
s
tre
ngt
h o
f t
he
o
rig
ina
l s
oil
,
an
d t
he
v
alu
e o
f 1
.
5^-
2.
5
m ma
y b
e a
dop
ted
f
or
t
hem.
Smal
ler
spa
cing
shoul
d be
take
n f
or l
arge
loa
ds
or
l
ow st
ren
gth
of
t
he or
igi
nal
so
il;
ot
her
wise,
l
arger
spac
ing
shoul
d b
e adapt
=
ed.
Smal
l
spa
cin
gs s
hal
l
be
take
n f
or
short
pi
les
whos
e t
ips
ha
ve
no
t r
eac
hed
r
ela
tiv
ely
ha
rd
s
tra
tum.
6.
2 .
4
The
pil
e l
ength s
hall
be deter
mi ne
d in
ac
cor
dance
wit
h burie
d death of
t
he
r
elat
ive
ly hard
s
trat
um when i
ts bur i
ed
depth i
s
not
de
ep, a
nd i
t
shall
be deter
mined
i
n ac
cordance
wi
th t
he all
owable
de format
ion val
ue
of
f
oundati
on
soil
under bui
ldi
ngs
wh
en
t
he
b
uri
ed
d
eat
h
of
th
e
rp
la
ts
ve
lb
}
-i
}
t..
..
.
,,
.;
____
兀_
一二二
二‘
一TL一7
一"一
7一“
‘W
s
houl
d be
not
l
e,二t
han
4m.
I
t s
hal
l
be
de
ter
min
ed
a
ccor
ding
t
o t
he
r
equi
red
t
r
ea
t
m ent
a
gai
n
6.2.,找 t
s
t
e
art
h
o羚了Ut
q uak
e.
oroKen
_
st
one rncbi
nn
of
901
1- 5nomm
thi
ckness
shal
l he
l
aid
on
n
il
p
tnn
c.
‘2.
6
Ha
rd
ma
ter
ia
ls
s
uch
a
s
br
oke
n s
ton
e,
c
obb
le,
a
ngu
lar
g
rav
el
a
nd
r
oun
ded
g
ra
ve
l
wi
t
h s
mal
l
e
ar
th
c
ont
en
t
ma
y
be
u
sed
a
s
ma
te
ri
al
s
fo
r
pi
l
es:
Th
e ma
xi
mum
一
・
ralni
s1z(,
s
hou
ld
b
e n
ot
l
es
s t
han
8
0mm.For
br
oke
n s
ton
e,
t
he
us
ual
ly
a
dopt
ed
raln
介
;
。,n~哎
八拓,
一
t
t
d
e
o
r
6
t
f
i
.
e
a
2
r
a
l
.
ms
f
7
8
o
i
n
r
T
g
e
h
d
l
a
e
c
b
'
p
h
d
s
y
i
t
lp
e
a
m
i
t
n
l
s
e
d
a
f
,
t
i
r
e
b
d
f
l
a
e
o
v
i
r
nit
;
n
l
f
a
t
g
p
h
u
i
d
e
l
s
n
o
u
c
g
f
a
i
l
t
nb
h
e
y
s
0
t
e
b
w
.
,
c
8
a
e
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n
r
l
d
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i
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n
uP
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l
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a
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e
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n
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i
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e
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e
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e
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t
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o
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oa
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y
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h
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e
o
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be
a
m
r
i
f
p
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n
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f
g
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a
p
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a
ci
t
朴composite
y
o f
(G.
2
ounda
:
t
i
8-1
on;
;
f5,nit。。 ;二一 ,er.tinnal area of
几,
、-
-一。
tandl
rd'
val
ue
o
f b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y pe
t
了训P',h月介 :
“ standard
v
alue
of
be
ari
ng
c
apa
cit
y of
t
he
s
oil
be
twee
n pi
lee
全 rat
e of
ar
ea
repl
acement
.
〔6:2.8一 2、
Wh
er
e'
d 一d iamet
e r
of
pil
e;
a 一 _一 ,
fiamet
nr
nft
be Pf
fei
,ti
vp
i
nfl
,iance
ci
rcl
e
F
o
r
e
s
qu
i
a
l
r
a
e
t
e
l
r
a
yl
o
t
u
r
ti
a
n
gl
el
a
y
ou
d,
= 1
:05
s;
峨出1.
13
s;
d
.二1
:13
.
s,
s
F
s
o
:
r
s
r
,
e
a
cn
t
a
d
ng
s
,
u
l
ar
r
e
la
t
h
y
o
e
'
u
s
t
p
ac
i
ng
, l
onei
tudi
nal
s
pac
ing
a
nd
t
rans
ver
sal
spa
cing
be
t
1
w
n
a
e
r
l
i
F
n
I
;
一
于一
s
3
t
a
p
h
t
e
n.
i
c
o
n
t
i
v
t
o
h
e
f
e
l
y
c
:
s
o
t
h
a
e
ns
d
i
v
a
e
r
d
so
v
i
a
l
s
u
e
n
d
o
f
e
r
b
v卜PPal
s
e
m
a
r
a
i
l
n
g
-
c
s
a
i
z
n
e
a
rnl
c
w
i
t
o
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r
k
at
o
s
f
Pi
l"hv
t
h f
oll
owi
ng
f
ormu
la,
,i
f
c
t
her
e
omposi
t
i
s
e
f
no
dat
a
oundat
i
o
ot
人P
A二仁1十。(
n一1习人.
、 (6.2.8一3)
O f
:.
,‘
一fl
十m(
n一1
)取3
S. (
6.
2:
8一4
)
-3,e:e n- r
ati
o of
st
resses
i
n vi
le
and
s
oil,
bei
ng
t a 夕一 诊when
aken no
test
dat
‘
二
一
-c
n
a
s
n
h
l
;
es
b
a
o
e
r
i
l
a
v
v
an
a
d
i
e
l
a
s
bm
t
l
r
e
a
,
n
l
e
gr
t
r
h
e
o
a
o
n
t
f
e
e
r
t
f
h
v
o
e
a
r
l
sh
u
o
i
e
g
l
b
h
es
i
n
t
w
r
g
e
t
ne
a
g
n
k
t
e
h
w
n
i
ol
f
e
f
o
s
t
r
,
h
le
i
o
t
'
w
o
m
r
s
i
a
gt
y
r
i
n
e
b
a
n
e
l
gr
s
t
e
h
o
p
i
l
o
a
;
f
c
t
e
h
d
e
bo
y
r
i
t
g
h
i
s
hea
r van
e s
tre
ngt
h of
t
he
f
ounda
tion
s
oil
be
for
e t
rea
tment
.
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f t
he
s
oil
b
etwe
en
p
il
es
ma
y a
lso
b
e r
e
p
lac
ed
b
y t
he
s
tan
dar
d v
alue
o
f b
ear
ing
c
apa
ci
ty
o
f t
he
f
oun
dat
ion
s
oi
l
be
for
e t
rea
t
m ent.
‘.2.
9
The
de
for
mat
ion
c
alc
ulat
ion
of
t
he
f
ounda
tion
af
ter
t
reat
ment
s
hal
l b
p
er
fo
rme
d a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o
re
le
van
t
pr
ovi
si
ons
i
n
th
e Na
ti
on
al
S
tan
dar
d
"Co
de
f
or
d
esi
gi
of
buil
ding
foundati
ons"
GBJ ?一89 .
The c ons
trai
ned modul
us of
compr
ess
ibil
it
y o
the
composi
te soi
l
str
ata
may
be cal
culate
d by
the f
oll
owing
for
mul a:
心 二〔1 +m( n一1)] E, (
6.2.9)
where
E.,- c onst
rai
ned r
nodulu of
compr e
ssibi
li
ty
of
the c
omposi
te
soil
s
tra
tai
E,
- c onstr
aine
d mo dulus of
compressi
bil
it
y o
f t
he s
oil
be
tween pi
les.
When
the
re
is
no measu
r e
d;
da t
a avai
lable,
th
e r
atio
of
st
res
ses
in
pil
e and
s
oil
t
ma
y ta
ke
the
val
ue o
f 2^y4
for
co hesive
soil
s, 1
.5^-3 f
or
sil
t;
grea
ter
value
of n
i
i
t
ake
n f
or
l
owe
r s
tre
ngt
h o
f t
he
o
rig
ina
l
so
il,
a
nd
s
mal
l
er
v
alu
e o
f n
i
s
ta
ken
f
or
hi
gh
er
strength
of t
he ori
ginal
soil.
(I )Vibrofl
otat;
on compa c
t:on
metho d
6.
2.
10 The a
r ea
to
be tr
eated
shal
l be greate
r t
han
that
of
t
he
foundati
on
of
t
he
bui
lding wit
h the enl
arged width b
eing
n ot l
e s
s t
han 5
m be
yond
ea
ch outer
ed
ge of
t
he
f
oun
dat
io
n o
f t
he
b
uil
di
ng.
6
.
2.
1
1
Wh e
n t
he
thi
ckn
ess
of
l
i
que
fi
abl
e
soi
l
st
rat
um
i
s
no
t
lar
ge,
v
ibr
ofl
ot
atio
r
s
hal
l
pas
s t
hro
ughout
th
e who
le
dept
h o
f s
uch
st
rat
um;
whe
n i
t i
s
cons
ide
rabl
y
thic
k, the depth of vibrof
lotati
ot,
s hall
be
de te
rmined
in ac
cordance
wi th
the
requiree
depth of t reatment against
earthqua ke.
6.
2 .
12 The points f
or vi
bro f
lot a
t i
on should
be i
n equil
ateral
t
r i
angle
or
s quare
l
a yout. The spa cing between such points
de pen
ds on t
he granulometric
compos i
tion
of s
oi l
s,t he r
e quired degree o
f oo mpa ct
ion, leve
l of
underground water,
powe r of
the vibrof l
ot, qua ntity of
wa t
er,'
etc .,and shall
be de
termined by f
ield
test
s, and it
may take the value of 1.
8^-2.
Sat.
6.
2. 13 The quant i
ty of
filing material
to be
require
d f
or each poi
nt of v
i-
b
rof
l
ota
ti
on
d
epe
nds
o
n
th
e
re
qui
r
ed
d
egr
ee
o
f
co
mpa
ct
io
n
an
d
sp
aci
ng
s
be
twe
en
s
uch
po
int
s,
and
s
hal
l
be
de
ter
mine
d a
y f
iel
d,
t
est
s;
ha
rd
mat
eri
als
su
ch
a
s br
oke
n s
tone,
c
obble, a
ngula
r g
ravel,
rounded
grav
el,coa
rse
s
a nd,
me di
um sa
nd,etc
. s
houl
d be
used
a
s f
il
ling mate
ria
ls.
6. 2.
14
The s
tandar
d val
ue o
f t
he b
eari
ng
capac
ity o
f c
omposi
te
founda
tion
sha
ll
be
d
ete
rmi
ned
by
l
oad
ing
t
est
o
n s
it
e
fo
r
su
ch
f
oun
dat
io
n,
a
nd
i
t
ma
y a
lso
b
e d
ete
r-
a
nd
f
or
t
he
s
oil
be
twe
en
pi
les
i
n a
ccor
danc
e
m
in
ed
by
th
e
l
.
o
_
ad
.
in
g
t
es
t
f
o
r
a
s
i
ng
le
;
pi
l
e
of
t
he
f
ounda
tion
a
fte
r t
he
vi
brof
lot
ati
on
c
omp
act
ion
t
rea
tme
nt
s
hal
l
be
p
erf
orme
d a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o p
rov
isi
ons
'
of
s
ubc
lau
se‘
.2.
9
o
f t
his
Co
de,
in
whi
ch
t
he
r
ati
o
of
s
tres
ses
i
n pi
le
a
nd
s
oil
n
ma
ybe
t
ake
n s1.5- 3
a
c
an
be
avai
labl
e.
Great
er
val
ue nma
of y七f
生
竹s
a
nd
y
s
oi
l
s
wh
en
理me
a
su
re
d卿soil,
a
nd
s
mal
le
r v
alue
of
n
i
s
ta
ken
f
or
hi
gh
6.
3 Cons
truc
tion
若
o
f
t
h7
e
.
pi
R
l
e
p
sh
e
a
t
l
ts
.
t
e
ps
5一6
t
o
f
o
r
m
t
he
p
il
e
s
ha
f
t
f
r
o
m
b
ot
t
o
m
t
o
t
o
p
u
p
t
o
t
he
mout
h of
t
he
hol
e.
8.
Put
of
f
'he
vi
brof
lot
ar
i
d t
he
pump;
6.
3.
4
Eac
h s
ect
ion
of
t
he
pi
le
s
haf
t
sha
ll
s
ati
sfy
t
he
r
equi
reme
nts
of
e
lec
tri
c
cu
r
ent
fo
r
co
mpa
ct
io
n,
q
uan
ti
ty
o
f
fi
l
li
ng
ma
te
ri
al
an
d
ti
t
he
o
f
vi
br
at
io
n.
Th
ese
r
equ
ir
,
me
nts
s
hal
l
be
d
ete
rmi
ned
b
y -
he
p
il
e'
fo
rmi
ng
t
est
o
n s
ite
.
6.3
.‘A sys
tem
fo
r wat
er
an
d s
lur
ry
dra
ina
ge
sha
ll
be
pr
ovi
ded
i
n
adva
nce
c
t
he
c
onst
ruc
ti
on
si
te,
c
oll
ec
tin
g t
he
wate
r a
nd s
lur
ry
pr
oduc
ed i
n
th
e p
il
e
for
min
p
roc
ess
a
nd
di
scha
rgi
ng
t
hem
i
nto
a
s
edi
ment
ati
on
t
ank.
a
nd
t
rans
por
t i
t
to
t
he
s
tot
i
ng
p
lac
e a
rra
nge
d i
n a
dva
nce
: Th
e r
el
at
iv
ely
c
le
ar
wa
ter
i
n t
he
up
per
p
art
o
f t
i.
t
ank
may
be
used
re
peatedl
y.
6
.3.
6
Di
g out
t
he l
oose
pa
rt
of
pi
le
sh
aft
a
t t
he
pi
le
t
op
o
r t
o ma
ke
i
t
comp
act
e
b
y r
oll
ing
o
r t
ampi
ng,
t
hen
l
a)
;
th
e c
ush
ion
o
n a
nd
c
omp
act
i
t.
(I)Vibrofl
ota
tion
compac
tio
n me
thod
6.
3.
7
Vibrof
lot
of
power
30KW can
be
us
ed
f
or
vi
brof
lot
ati
on,
de
vic
e of
l
arge
p
owe
r
ca
n
al
so
b
e
us
ed
i
f
i
t
i
s
av
ai
la
bl
e.
C
ran
es,
s
el
f一mo
vi
ng
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on
h
oi
st
i
n,
p
lat
for
ms
o
r o
the
r s
uit
abl
e
ma
chi
nes
c
an
b
e u
sed
f
or
l
if
ti
ng
t
he
v
ibr
ofl
ot.
‘
.3.
8
The
v
ibr
ofl
ot
at
io
n c
omp
act
i
on
wi
th
f
i
ll
in
g ma
te
ri
al
c
an
b
e c
ar
ri
ed
o
ut
i
t
t
he
f
oll
owi
ng
s
teps:
1
. Cl
ear
up
and
l
eve
l t
he
c
o ns
truc
tton
s
ite;
s
et
out
t
he
poi
nts
f
or
vi
brof
lot
ati
on
2
. Se
t up
c
ons
tru
cti
on
mac
hine
s i
n
pos
iti
on,
i
nst
all
s
tee
l pr
otec
tio
n ca
sing
at
2
h,
p
oin
t f
or
v
ibr
ofl
ot
at
ta
n a
nd
s
ett
he
v
ibr
ofl
ot
i
n
al
ig
nme
nt
wi
th
t
he
a
xis
o
f t
he
p
rot
ec
t
ion
c
asi
ng.
3.
St
art
t
he
wat
er
pump
E
nd
t
he
v
ibr
ofl
ot
de
vic
e an
d ma
ke
t
he
vi
brof
lot
s
ub
me
rge
s
lo
wly
i
nt
o
th
e s
and
s
tr
at
um.
Th
e wa
te
r
pr
es
sur
e
to
b
e u
sed
ma
y b
e 4
00一
60
0kPa
wh
ile
t
he
wa
ter
low
f may
r
ange
f
rom
200
t
o 4
00
1
/mi
n,
t
he
s
pee
d o
f s
ubme
r-
s
io
n s
hou
ld
b
e c
ont
rol
l
ed
wi
thi
n
-
th
e r
a卿 o
f a
bou
t 1
^-2
m/mi
n.
4.
Af
ter
t
he
v
ibr
ofl
ot
has
r
eac
hed
t
he
de
sign
t
rea
tme
nt
de
pth,
r
educ
e t
he
wat
er
p
res
sur
e
an
d f
lo
w t
o s
uch
a
n e
xte
nt
t
hat
t
her
e lo
fws
o
ut
a
c
ert
ai
n q
uant
it
y
of
wa
ter
from t
he mo
uth of
the hole wit
hout
carrying wit
h al
arge amount of f
ine
grai
ns.
scac
x rnnng
materi
al
around the
peri
mgterof the c
asi
ng.
5. The
fi
ll
ing
ma t
erial
drops
down by its
own wei
ght al
ong the wal
l of
t
he c
as-
i
ng to
t he
bo
ttom of
the hole
die t
o t
he vibrati
on pr
oduced by t
he vibr
of
lot. Aft
er
the
ele
c tr
ic
c
urrent
has i
nc r
eased t
o t
he specifi
ed
contr
ol va
l ue,
rai
se t
he vi
brofl
ot
upward
f
or
0.
3^-
0.
Sm.
6:
Re
p e
at the
above
menti
oned
ste
p unti
l t
he
whole
hole
ha
s been
t
reat
ed;r
ecord
c
are
ful
ly
the f
inal
value
s o
f e
lec
tri
c c
urrent
s and
qua
ntit
ies
of
fi
lle
d mat
eri
al
at
eac
h
报忿公介一
h
o
le
t
r
ea
t
me
nt
介吵c
o
mpl
e
t
ed
.ma
ybe
p
ro
vi
de
d
strata addition al to
a
cc
el
e
auxilir
at
e
th
e
sp
eed
of
ary w ater pipe
Fo
r c
ons
truc
tion
i
n me
dium
and
c
oar
sesand
su卜
一
井礴爪燕
t
aken
pi
l
6.4
es_
2
Th
e
q
ua
l
i
can only t
t
y,
二‘
i
ng
an
d
e
xa
mi
n
at
i
o
ie perform
n
。‘
th
e
e
xe
c
u‘
一“h
e
v
i
br
of
l
ot
su
nk
e口 in a certai
n ti
m e interval
alter
th e com pletion or
the vi
-
b
rof
lot
ati
on
c
ons
truc
ti
on,
wi
th
t
he
e
xce
pti
on
o
f f
oun
dat
ion
o
f s
and
y s
oil
s.
Fo
r f
oun
-
dat
ion
of
cohesi
ve
soi
l t
his
t
ime
i
nter
val
may
De。一4
weee
cs;i
ur
1
UU1
1l
IUL
IV1
1.
vi
bi
iiy
一”勺
一,一 百
一
_
、6:
4.
3
T
he
州吮t
e
st
i
ng
an
d
Pram i
nati
nn
of
the
exeruti
on of
vibrofl
ot
sund
plies tes
t of
a
s
ingl
e pi
l
m ay oe done by usire.
The
iQ . di
ame
t
ioauuiger
of
t
he
c
irc
ula
r
l
e
o
a
a
c
d
h
i
n
g
g
r
op
u
l
p
a
te
o
f
i
s
2e
0
q
0
u
-a
l
4
0
t
o
0
t
p
h
i
a
le
t
s
o
,
f
b
t
h
u
t
e
t
p
h
i
l
e
e.
t
o
O
t
an
l
e
n
r
ua
m
n
d
bo
e
m
r
os
f
a
m
s
ap
m
l
e
p
d
l
e
p
p
i
li
e
l
e
m
s
a
s
y
h
a
b
l
e
t
b
a
e
k
e
n
n
ot
f
r
l
o
e
s
ms
二公介燕
r
epr
ese
nta
tive
c
har
act
er
or
wh
ere
t
he
s
oil
pr
oper
ti
es
a
re
poo
r.
The
q
uant
ity
of
t
e;
p
oin
ts
c
an
b
e o
f 2
^"4
g
rou
ps,
de
pen
ding
o
n t
he
a
rea
o
f t
rea
tme
nt.
Th
e l
oad
ing
t
e;
f
or
c
ompo
si
te
f
oun
dat
io
n s
hal
l
co
mpl
y
wi
th
r
el
at
ed
s
ti
pul
at
io
ns
o
f
App
end
ix
1
t
o
th
Code.
‘.
4:
6
For
f
ounda
tion
of
s
andy
s
oil
t
reat
ed
by
v
ibr
ofl
ota
tion
co
mpa
cti
on
met
ho
wi
th
out
f
il
li
ng
ma
ter
ia
l,
s
tan
dar
d p
ene
tr
ati
on,
or
o
the
r a
ppr
opr
ia
te
t
est
in
g me
tho
d
s
houl
d be
us
ed
f
or
t
est
a
nd
e
xami
nat
ion
of
t
he
t
rea
tme
nt
e
ffe
ct.
Th
e t
est
poi
nts
s
ha
b
e s
ele
cte
d f
rom
s
uch
p
art
s o
f
the
s
it
e
wh
ich
a
re
o
f
re
pre
sen
tat
iv
e c
har
act
er
o
r wh
et
t
he
so
il
p
ro
per
ti
es
a
re
po
or,
a
nd
th
ey
sh
al
l
li
e
at
t
he
ce
nt
roi
d
of
th
e e
le
ment
s
su
r
r
oun
ded
b
y t
he
p
oi
nt
s o
f
vi
br
cf
lot
at
io
n.
The
q
uan
ti
ty
o
f
te
st
p
oin
ts
may
be
o
ne
ho
l
s
el
ec
ted
f
rom
e
ach
g
rou
p o
f 1
00-
-
-20
0 p
oint
s
of
v
ibr
ofl
ot
ati
on,
wit
b t
he
t
ota
l
nu
mbe
be
ing
not
l
ess
t
han
3.
7
Ea
rth
or一
l
ime一s
oil
c
ompa
ction pi
le
met
hod
7:
1
Gener
al
requi
rement
s
丁介
巍
薰囊燕f
_
t
r
s
e
o
i
s
t
m
e
.
me
a
y
c
h
b
认1
T
h
o
e
t
d
h
o
e
r
ne
,
a
t
h
t
e
e
wi
d
t
o
n
t
e
e
s
t
p
s
h
o
paction
l
a
s
c
h
e
a
;
li
f
b
e
t
h
s
f
t
h
pi
e
e
p
a
r
o
a
e
f
ou
n
d
p
t
e
r
l
t
y
i
e
a
t
i
c
s
a
r
o
r
f
i
e
o
n
les
t
d
h
e
o
u
so
t
i
l
n
s
吹t
r
e
at
e
snai
d
b
l
y
be 只reater
一7
.
2
De
M an
si
gn
tnat
of
the
iounaati
on.
ear
th
or
l
ime一 soi
l cor
n
组脚吸萦
p
e
t
m
d
r
a
c
g
a
n
t
e
i
7
o
s
d
.
n
f
o
2
a
t
p
:h
n
Z
i
l
e
d
T
s
b
n
h
w
u
o
s
e
i
t
h
l
d
a
r
e
i
l
kn
s
p
g
b
t
,
一
l
t
f
e
h
o
br
m
f
n
o
i
u
e
t
g
n
d
l
e
a
i
q
s
n
t
u
i
o
a
t
p
n
h
c
m
a
s
o
e
n
r
i
d
h
l
t
a
o
n
l
f
c
b
d
e
o
f
w
t
r
h
i
e
a
r
t
d
e
f
h
a
p
c
e
b
t
h
o
s
y
r
o
e
i
l
.
f
a
32 .
r
t
c
F
h
o
e
n
r
o
d
s
f
r
i
t
l
u
o
im
n
s
d
t
e
r
a
;
-
t
i
r
o
u
s
e
n
m
q
i
l
u
o
t
f
c
o
r
e
n
b
-
l
e
l
aps
ibl
e l
oes
s,r
ele
vant
pr
ovi
si
ons
of
t
he
Na
tiona
l St
anda
rd"
Code
f
or
bui
ldi
ngs
i
n c
i
卜p
sib
le
l
oes
s
re
gio
ns"
GBJ
2
5一9
0 s
hal
l
be
c
omp
li
ed
wi
th.
7.
2.3
The
d
iamet
er
of
t
he pi
l
e h
ole
sho
uld
be
300^
-600 mm,and
tr
ay
be
det<
mi
ned
in
a
cco
rda
nce
with
t
he s
ele
cte
d ha
le
for
ming
equi
pment
or met
hod.
The
p
ho
les
s
hou
ld
be
a
rran
ged
i
n e
qui
lat
era
l
tri
ang
les
an
d t
he
spa
cings
c
an b
e c
alc
ula
ted
t
he
f
oll
owi
nv
f
ormul
a
wh
ere
s- s
pac
ing
be
twe
en
p
il
es;
s
一
0
.
9
5
d、
_
}`
P
'
Z
d- di
amet
er
o
f pi
le
hol
e;
几- a
ver
age
c
oef
fi
ci
ent
o
f e
omp
act
ion
o
f t
he
s
oil
b
etwe
en
pi
l
es
a
fte
r t
1
c
omp
act
i
on
o
f t
he
f
oun
dat
ion
s
oil
,i
t
ma
y t
ake
s t
he
v
alue
o
f 0
.
93
:
Pd
..
.- Ma
ximu
m de
nsi
ty
of
d
ry
s
oil
b
etwe
en
p
ile
s;
Pd
- a ver
age
dens
it
y of
dry
so
il
of
t
he
found
ati
on
before
co
mp a
cti
on.
7.
2.
4 The
fi
ll
i
ng mat
eri
al
in
the
pil
e
hol
e s
hal
l be
de
ter
mi ne
d ac
cordi
ng
t
o t
1
r
equi
rement
s
of
the
work
s o
r t
) t
he o
bje
cti
ve
of
f
oundat
io
n t
reatment,
an
d t
he
oua
l
1
7,0
1 c
ompact
ion
sh
all
be
co
ntr
oll
ed by
coe
ff
ic
ien
t o
f c
ompact
ion凡・
The
c
oef
fi
ci
ent
of
c
ompac
ti
on人s
hal
l
be
no
t l
ess
t
han
0
. 95
whe
n pl
ain
s
oil
i
u
sed
f
or
f
il
l
ing
a
nd
c
omp
act
io
n;
The
c
oef
fi
ci
ent
of
c
ompa
ctt
ion
A
}
:;
hal
l
be
not
l
ess
t
han
0.
97
whe
n l
ime一s
oil
i
u
sed
f
or
:
f
il
l
ing
a
nd
c
omp
act
i
on'
*
th
e
pr
opo
rt
io
n o
f
li
me
t
o
so
il
b
y v
ol
ume
s
hou
ld
b
e 2
8
or
3:7.
7
.
2.
5
The
s
tan
dar
d va
lue
o
f b
ear
in
g c
apa
ci
ty
o
f
th
e f
oun
dat
io
n s
oil
t
rea
ted
b
e
art
nor
l
ime一s
oil
pi
le
c
omp
act
ion
s
hal
l
be
de
ter
min
ed
by
i
n一s
itu
t
est
or
ba
sed
m
l
oc
al
e
xpe
ri
en
ce.
Wh
en
n
o t
es
t
da
ta
i
s
av
ai
la
bl
e,
i
t
sh
al
l
be
n
ot
g
re
at
er
t
ha
n 1
.
T
imes t
le
i beari
ng c
apaci
ty befo
re the
tre
atment,
an d
not
gr
eate
r than 180k
Pa fo
t
ounaati
on sa
il
compacte
d by ear
th pi
les
. For f
oundati
on
soi
l
compa c
ted by
li
me一
8
011
p
lies,
it
shal
l
be n
ot gr
e a
ter
than
two t
imes t
he val
ue
be
fore
the
treat
ment, a
m
not
gr
eat
er
t
han
250
kPa.
7.
2.
6 Th
e def
orma
tion
c
alc
ula
tio
n f
or
t
he
f
ounda
tion
t
reat
ed
by
e
art
h o
r:
l
ime一
s
oil
c
ompa
cti
on
s
hal
l
be
p
erf
orme
d i
n c
ompl
ia
nce
wi
th
r
ele
vant
pr
ovi
si
ons
of
t
he
Na
-
t
io
nal
St
and
ard
"
Cod
e f
or
d
esi
gn
o
f b
uil
di
ng
f
oun
dat
i
ons”GBJ
7
一89,
i
n wh
ich
t
he
mod
ulus
of
c
ompr
ess
ibi
li
ty
of
t
he
c
ompos
it
e s
trat
a s
hal
l be
de
ter
mine
d by
t
est
s or
o
ase
a o
n l
oca
l e
xpe
rie
nce
.
7-3仁nnst
rnct
inn
,.,.1
For
t
he
c
ons
truc
ti
on
o
f ea
rth
or
l
ime一,
oil
c
ompa
ctl
on
pi
les,
一
幸子班
w
h
en
2
.
t
hT
e
h
w
e
a
d
t
e
r
vi
c
a
o
t
i
no
t
n
e
n
ot
f
i
t
s
he
l
o
c
w
ee
n
r
t
r
t
a
hl
a
p
n
oi
1
n
2
t
%
of
;
p
il
e
ho
l
e
s
s
h
al
n
ot
e
x
c
e
e
d
5
%。
,
th
e
。。
一
爪于
牛专之
qA
f
ros
t s
hal
l
be
t
ake
n t
o pr
ote
c=
t
he
s
oil
a
nd
l
ime一s
oil
f
rom
bei
ng
wet
ted
by
r
ain
o
f
rn
ax
n_
7.
4
Qual
ity
t
est
ing
and
e
xami
nat
ioi
7.
4.
1
The
qua
li
ty
of
t
he f
oun
dat
ion
soi
l
tr
eat
ed by
e
art
h or
l
ime一soil
c
om
p
act
i
on s
hal
l
be
t
ime
ly
co
ntr
oll
ed
by
sa
mpli
ng
and
te
sti
ng
up
on t
he
co
mp l
eti
on
of
th
t
reat
ment
const
ruct
ion.
For
or
dina
ry
wor
ks,
t
he
d
ens
it
y o
f t
he
dr
y s
oil
be
twe
en
pi
le
s,
be
ari
ng
pr
ess
ur
a
nd
c
ons
tru
cti
on
r
eco
rds
s
hal
l
be
ma
inl
y
ex
ami
nd
a
nd
t
est
ed.
F
or
wo
rks
o
f i
mpo
rta
nce
o
r l
arg
e wo
rks,
l
oad
ing
t
est
o
r o
the
r i
n一s
itu
t
est
s
an
(
me
asu
reme
nts
s
hal
l a
lso
b
e d
one
i
n a
ddi
ti
on
t
o t
he
ab
ove
ment
ione
d i
tems
t
o be
t
est
ed a
nd examined. Soil
sampl es
ma y
also
be t
aken f
rom the whol e
dept h
of t
he treat
ec
founda ti
on
to meas u
re the compressibi
lit
y a
nd col
lapsi
bili
ty of
the soil
betwe en
pile
s.
The loa di
ng test
of the compos it
e foundati
on with
earth or li
me一s oil
compa cti
or
pil
es shall
me et
r
el a
ted requirements i
n Appendix 1o
f
this Code.
7. 4.
2
The numbe r
of pil
e holes
from which
samples have been taken and t
es t
ec
shal
l not be
less
than 2环of t
he total
numb e
r of
pil
e h
oles. Add iti
ona l
pil
es or
o t
hei
remedy meas
ur es
shall
be taken in
places
wher e
t
he re
quireme nts cannot be met sat
-
i
sfac
tori
ly
8
Sand一gr
avel
pi
le
met
hod
R.1
'
General
requi
rement
s
s
t
*
u
i
T
o
P
c
n
A
h
t
8
o
m
a
.
f
s1
s
n
.
l
a
o
t
1
u
b
s
S
r
y
e
a
s
n
te
a
d
n
-
d
c
y
-
g
o
r
h
s
o
a
eT
v
s
i
a
e
l
v
,
e
p
l
s
i
n
l
a
o
ei
l
n
e
m
s
a
f
e
i
n
m
l
t
d
h
a
o
yn
d
r
o
a
m
t
i
l
s
i
c
o
s
c
u
b
n
ei
t
l
r
a
o
b
n
d
l
e
o
p
d
u
f
t
Q,,Wl
i
p
o
e
s
b
d
r
y
f
.
一
一
下
o
F
t
i
n
o
r
n
o
w
f
,
f
o
t
h
r
u
k
e
n.
th
n
s
r
d
e
o
a
p
n
t
l
i
o
a
f
c
n
e
。二
u
m
s
n
o
d
e
i
n
l
a
s
-
t
,
n
d一。
rav
el
p
il
e
me
tho
d i
s
us
ed
f
or
f
oun
dat
ion
t
rea
tme
nt,
r
e-
l
p
a
t
c
e
t
d
n
e
a
s
d
s
d
i
o
t
f
i
os
n
a
n
l
d
t
y
e
c
sh
o
n
i
l
i
c
,
a
p
l
r
i
on
p
f
o
e
rm
t
i
e
a
s
ti
o
f
n
sa
h
n
a
d
l-
b
g
e
rs
a
v
u
e
p
l
p
m
l
i
e
ad
t
e
;
r
in
a
l
c
s
l
u
,
d
a
i
v
n
ag
i
l
t
a
h
be
l
e
r
c
eo
l
a
n
t
s
i
v
tr
e
u
co
t
i
m
o
r
-
上
t
i
8
s
.
L
a
f
n
:1
i
_
l
d
`
3
.
t
h
o
T
a
e
b
h
.
i
,
r
ec
t
d
h
r
e
a
s
r
i
t
g
a
e
c
n
d
t
e
a
b
r
n
i
y
s
d
t
i
q
a
c
u
n
s
ad
l
e
i
-
t
c
y
g
.
c
r
a
o
v
ne
t
l
r
o
p
l
i
o
e
f
st
h
e
a
l
f
o
s
u
t
ni
l
d
a
m
t
i
o
e
n
to
r
f
e
l
p
e
v
a
i
nt
f
i
r
l
e
q
a
u
n
i
d
re
m
i
e
s
n
c
e
t
s
la
i
t
-
R.2
Desi
ar
¥2
:
1
E
qui
l
at
er
al
t
r
ia
ng
le
o
r
sq
ua
re
l
ay
ou
t
sh
oul
d
he
a
do
pt
ed
f
or
h
ol
e
po
si
ti
o
i
一
甘姐共井
gr
ave
l pi
le 。*。alcn
hp
r
alr,
fl
ated
by
t
he
f
oll
owi
ne
f
ormul
a
漂 詹
j- a
n,43;
+tl
,T 。干1
/f(
,CP
Cnndv
%ni
l
f
nT.
Pn 1
lAt
PTA1t
rlAnC
f11
1AT
l
avnu
r今 n 0 只J (R_
2.
,一 1
2
不nr
cn,
IATP:aavnei
。一 n on (只.2.2一 2
v.
= o__
_一 nJ住 _.
_一 户_、 乙R.2 2一 3
whe
re:一 spaci
ng betwe en sand-gr avel
pi
le s;
d一 diame t
e r
of
s a
nd-gr avel
pil
e;
e。一void
ratio
of sandy soil
bef
ore f
ou nda t
ion tr
e at
me nt, i
t
can
be deter
mines
by tes
ting undisturbed soi
l s
amp les, and also can be deter
mine d
by c
on-
trast
te
s t
s such as dynamic or
st
a tic s
ounding, etc;
et
- requir
ed void rati
o afte
r th
e compa ction of
t he foundati
on;
e二二,
e.a
.- the ma ximum and minimum void ra
tios of sandy soi
l
respect
ivel
y,
they ma y be d
etermined i
n accordance wi th rel
evant
provisi
ons
in
the Nat i
onal Standar
d,St and ard on met hods of
soil
t
esting”GB]
123-88;
D,
i
- re
qui
red
r
ela
tive
dens
ity
of
sa
ndy
s
oil
af
ter
t
he
c
ompa
cti
on
of
f
ounda
-
t
ion,
i
t
may
be 0.
70
^0 .
¥5
.
2.
For
c
ohesi
ve
soi
ls:
f
or
e
qui
lat
era
l t
ri
angul
ar
l
ayout
s
=1.
OS夜 (
8.2
.2-4
)
f
or
s
qua
re
l
ayout
,
=叔 (
8.2
.2一5
)
whe
re A。
一 Ar
ea
t
o be
t
rea
ted
by
one
s
and-gr
ave
l pi
le;
A.
(R_2 7一 f
i、
人-m
Wh
ere
AP c
ros
s-s ec
tio
nal
are
a of
sa
nd-gra
vel
pi
le;
m一 r
ati
o of
a
rea
repl
acament
,it
c
an
be
de
ter
mined
by
f
ormul
a (
6.
2.
8
一 2)
8.
2.3
When
t
he
t
hicknes
s of
t
he
l
oose
and
s
oft
soi
l st
rat
um
in
t
he
f
oundat
ion
i
s
n
ot
l
arge,
s
and-gr
ave
l
pi
les
sh
oul
d pa
ss
t
hrough
i
t,
whe
n t
he
t
hic
knes
s o
f t
he
l
oos
e
a
nd
s
oft
s
oil
s
tra
tum
i
s l
arg
e,
t
he
p
il
e l
eng
th
s
hal
l
be
d
ete
rmi
ned
a
cco
rdi
ng
t
o t
he
v
alue all
owa bl
e de f
ormati
on f
or build
ing foundati
on.
For l
iquef
iable sand
strat
um, the pil
e shal
l
be l
ong
enough t
o pass
t
hr ough t
he
s
tratum or to
compl y wit
h rela
t e
d prov i
si
on s
of
the
Nati
onal
Standard
"
Code on a-
s
eismic de
sign of bui
ldin
gs"G3J 11一89
8:
2.
4 The width of
the foundation s
o il
t
o be
compact
ed by sand
gravel pi
le
s
s
hal
l
be
g
rea
ter
t
han
t
hat
o
f t
he
f
oun
dat
io
ns,
a
nd
t
he
wi
den
ing
o
n e
ach
s
ide
n
ot
l
es
s
t
han
I一3
rows of
pile
s‘when
sand-gr
avel
pi
les
a
re use
d t
o pr
event
the s
and
stra
-
t
ur
n f
rom
l
iquef
a c
tion,
the
wi
deni
ng
on
each
si
de
should
be
not
les
s t
han half
o
f t
he
t
rea
tme
nt
d
ept
h,
a
nd
n
ot
l
ess
t
han
S
m Wh
en
t
her
e
ex
ist
s
an
o
ver
lyi
ng
n
on-l
i
que
fi
-
a
ble
s
tra
tum
wi
th
a
t
hic
kne
ss
mo
re
t
han
3
m o
ver
t
he
l
i
que
fi
abl
e s
tra
tum,
t
hen
t
he
. q, .
n
ot
l
ess
t
han
h
alf
of
t
he
t
hic
kne
ss
o
f t
he
l
ique
fi
abl
e
w
i
de
ni
n
g
on
ea
c
h_
si
d
e
s
ho
ul
d
5traru m ,
b
e
ana not
IeSS Ivan Jm .
8.
2
:
5
The
quant
ity
of
sand-
'gra
vel
f
il
l
in
t
he
s
and-g
rave
l
pi
le
hol
es
c
an
be
c
al-
c
ula
ted
by
t
he
fol
lowing
for
mul a:
s
=攀'
"
,d
,
(
1-
I
-0
.
0
1w)
I冲 -e1
(8.2.5)
wher
e
,
一qu
an
ti
t
y
of
sa
nd-g
ra
ve
l
f
il
l
(
by
w
ei
gh
t);
A,
一cr
oss一s
ect
iona
l a
rea
of
sa
nd-gr
avel
pi
le;
l
一le
net
h_
of
v
il
e:
a。
一 r
etati
ve
aens
ity
ts
pecni
c wei
gnt)
of
t ana一gr
he
s ave
l ma
ter
ial
w一wa
ter
c
ont
ent
o
f
sa
nd-g
rav
el
ma
ter
ia
l.
粼
m
b
l
u
e
d
,
G
b
co
r
n
a
v
k
t
e
n
lt
y
s
i
t
n
o
a
n
f
i
e
dl
,
;
i
n
c
e
g
t
o
r
a
m
.
r
a
s
m
e
t
s
a
r
y
ia
n
l
b
d
e
s
;
h
m
u
as
l
e
d
n
i
o
u
a
t
m
s
b
m
s
e
a
g
n
t
r
d
er
;
a
i
r
t
o
l
e
r
u
t
o
nh
d
b
a
e
e
n
d
f
5
gi
r
l
%
a
e
v
d
,
e
a
l
in
,
d
a
t
n
h
g
e
u一
i
r
l
e
g
i
h
n
r
a
g
o
v
l
m
e
s
l
a
.
,t
c
e
T
r
o
h
i
b
a
e
-
l
器一
T
c
s
o
h
n
a
e
t
l
a
s
i
tn
b
a
e
n
`
g
d
r
a
e
r
i
t
n
de
s
r
v
m
g
a
l
r
i
u
n
e
at
d
o
e
r
f
i
巡
a
w
p
a
i
t
c
h
i
t
yh
o
e
f
i
s
n
a
-
nd
s
-
i
t
u
g
r
l
a
o
v
a
e
d
l
i
p
n
i
gl
e
t
e
c
o
s
t
mo
p
f
o
s
t
i
h
e
扮东
t
ional
St
hammer
ad
opt
e
.。
i
d
f
o
andar
8.
3.
1
Vi
呼些1
ng
r
〕8 。
_
。
d
br
乡
a
t
p
i
l
l
:
ion一
e
fo
r
VI
1
m
i
me
n
g
Jl
_
(
ri
C
o
t
h
e
1
d
e
ho
r
e
i
f
o
n
a
C:l
(
r
d
d
f
t
e
Y
e
s
ig
n
一
r
l
c
a
l
l
o
f
of娜l
l
e
b
u
e
f
d
h
i
l
d
a
m
i
n
g
or
m
f
mi
e
r
i
o
u
n
n
d
g
m
a
t
i
e
t
h
o
n
o
d
s
,
8.
ng
(
he
)
G
3
r
e
B
J
7-
s9
Const
ina
ft
ruc
ULJanu一 gravelPl
t
er
c
i
al
on
l
ed
les.
v
ibr
ati
on
met
hod)
or
can
be
8.
3.
2
Test
s of
pi
le
formi
ng and
e
ompac
tion
shall
b
e car
rie
d out
be
fore
cons
true
t
ion,
t
he number of
t
est
e d
pi
le
s maybe
7^-9.
If i
t
is
found
that t
he
qual
it
y canno
s
at
is
fy
t
he
d
esi
gn
r
equ
ir
eme
nts
,
th
en
r
el
at
ed
p
ara
met
er
s
su
ch
a
s
sp
aci
ng,
qu
ant
i
ty
o
s
and
a
nd
g
rav
el
t
o b
e f
il
l
ed,
e
tc.
s
hal
l
be
a
dju
ste
d a
nd
t
o
pe
rfo
rm
t
he
t
est
s
ag
ain,
o
to
make changes i
n the
desi
gn
8.
3.
3 I
n t
he constr
ucti
on by
us i
ng vi
brat
ion
method, t
he quanti
ty
of sa
nd-
gra
vel t
o be
fi
lled, th
e hei
ght and s
p eed
of
li
fti
ng,
number of
c
ompac t
ions
and t
hei
dura
tion,
the
wor king el
ect
ric
current
of t
he moto
r,
etc.
shal
l
be cont
roll
ed a
ccord
i
ng
t
o t
he
s
ink
ing
o
f t
ube
a
nd
d
egr
ee
o
f c
omp
act
io
n s
o a
s t
o e
nsu
re
t
he
u
nif
ormi
ty
i
t
c
omp
act
ne
ss
a
nd
c
ont
i
nui
t
y o
f
th
e
pi
l
e s
haf
t
bo
dy.
Ap
pro
pri
at
e
pi
l
e t
i
p c
ons
tr
uct
i
ot
s
hal
l
be
c
hos
en
t
o
en
sur
e
ea
sy
r
emo
val
o
f s
oi
l
fr
om
t
he
p
il
e
ho
le
a
nd
e
ff
ect
iv
e c
om-
p
act
ion
.
8.
3.
4 I
n the cons
truct
ion
by using hammeri
ng me t
hod,
doubl
e tube or
si
ngle
t
ube met
hod ma y be a
dopted.
I n
the c
ompa c
tio
n by hammeri
ng, the qua
ntit
ies
of
s
and-gravel
fi
lli
ng of
each
sec
tion
of
pile a
nd
the
length
of
pi
le
thus
formed s
hall
be
c
ontr
oll
ed
a c
cording t
o t
he ene
rgy of
hamme ri
ng.
8
.
3.
5
The
o
rde
r o
f c
ons
tru
cti
on
o
f s
and-g
rav
el
p
il
es
o
f wh
ich
t
he
ma
in
o
bje
c-
tive is
c ompa c
tion s
ha l
l
be c
ar r
ied out
intermitte
ntly. The actual
quantity
of
s and一
gr avel
fi l
l
in
s i
de the pil
e s
hall
be not l
ess
than 95 0
o of
the des
ign value
(not i
ncluding
th e weight of
wat e r
)
I
n the
cons t
r ucti
on of
sand一gr avel pile
s,
accurate pi
le posit
ions shal
l be en-
sure d, the l
ongi t
udi nal
devi
ation shall
not be greate
r than the dia
me ter o
f t
he pi
le
tube, the pi
le body shal
l
be continuous a
nd vert
ical,
with deviati
on fr
om ver
ticali
ty
no t gre
at er
than 1. 5%.
S
pec
if
ic
p
ers
onn
el
s
hal
l
be
n
omi
nat
ed
t
o k
eep
r
eco
rds
o
f c
ons
tru
cti
on
p
ara
met
ers
dur
ing the
c
ons
tructi
on.
8
. 3.
6
The loos
e s
oil
l
aye
r un
der
nea
th
l
eve
l o
f t
he
f
ounda
tion
ba
se
s
hal
l be
rammed
and
comnact
ed
8.
4
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing
and
e
xami
nat
ion
8.
4.
1
Exami
ne
constr
uct
ion
r
ecor
ds
and
t
est
r
esul
ts
such
as
t
he
dur
ati
on
of
tube
s
inki
ng
of
s
and-gr
ave
l pi
le
s,
qua
nti
ti
es
of
s
and-g
ravl
e f
il
li
ng
i
n e
ach
s
ect
ion
of
t
he
p
il
e,
d
ur
at
i
ons
o
f
li
f
ti
ng
a
nd
E
:
omp
ac
ti
o
n,
d
ev
ia
ti
on
s
fr
om
p
il
e
po
si
t
io
ns.
Re
med
y
me
asure
s s
hall
be
take
n i
f the
el
esi
gn
r e
quire
me nt
s c
annot
be
sati
sfi
ed.
8.
4.
2 St
andar
d pene
trati
on.
t
est,
stat
ic
or
dynamic
so
undi
n g
tes
t may
be
us
ed
t
o
t
es
t
an
d me
asu
re
t
he
c
omp
act
ion
qu
ali
ty
o
f
pi
le
s
of
t
he
s
oi
l
be
twe
en
p
il
es
f
or
f
oun
ds-
Th
e e
xami
na
ti
on
a
nd
me
asu
reme
nt
o
f
th
e
qu
ali
-
t
i
t
丫on一l
oit e
d
he
s
oi妙s
l
be
twa
n
e
ed-
n
p
rg
i
er
av
e
s
s
nl
a扮・
erar
n
D rie
d'n
ut
at
t
he
c
ent
er
o
f t
he
e
qui
lat
era
l t
ria
n-
al
e or
t
he
s
w are.
e
v
l
t
i
v
e
m
F
o
er
a
n
i
m
s
s
p
h
o
o
rt
u
a
l
n
d
t
:
h
o
e
r
ta
l
a
k
r
e
g
ne
'
t
w
oo
m
r
k
a
k
se
,
l
o
co
a
m
d
i
p
nr
g
e
t
he
s
n
t
s
is
v
h
e
o
eu
x
l
d
a
mb
e
i
n
c
aa
t
i
r
o
r
n
ie
d
a
n
o
d
u
e
t
vo
a
r
l
u
o
at
h
i
o
e
n
r
o
e
f
f
ft
e
h
c
e
-
{一
十r 。。.。+,,。“。,
~ 」八
9
Deepm ixing method
9.
1
Gene
ral
r
equi
rement
s
9. 1.
1
Deep mixi
ng method
is
suit
able
for t he t
reatment o
f foundatio
n such as
muck, mucky s
oil,silt
and c
ohesi
ve so
ils
ha ving high
wa ter
content
and s
tandard
val
ue of
bear
ing pr
essur
e not
great
er t
han 1 20kPa. It
s sui
tabi
lit
y should be as
cer-
ta
ined b
y t
ests
when i
t
is t
o be
us
ed to
tre
at pe a
t y
soil
or
whe n
the underground wa-
t
er
ha
s c
orr
osi
ve
na
tur
e.
For
c
ons
tru
cti
on
i
n wi
nte
r,
a
tte
nti
on
s
hal
l
be
pa
id
t
o t
he
i
n-
fluenc e
of nega ti
ve te mpe rat
ure upon t
he tr
eatme nt ef
fect.
9. 1.
2 The dept h and compos iti
on of s
oil
str atum, the range of di
stri
bution of
soft layers, wat er
an d organic
mat ter c
ont ents,
c or r
os i
ve na t
ure of
underground wa-
ter, etc. shall be
asce rtained i
n the engine e
ring ge ologic
a l su
rvey.
9. 1.
3 La borator y
c onsoli
dation tests mus t be c a
rried out before t
he design of
deep mixing process, f
or t
he pur pose of sel
e c
ting approp ria
te stabil
ize
rs and addi-
ti
v e
s a
ccording to the p ropert
ies o
f founda tio
n s oi
l on the sit
e a
nd f
or providing
strengt h
pa r
ame ter
s of
va ri
ous:
mi xi
ng pro porti
ons . The standard val
ue of
the soil
to
be stab i
li
zed s hould
t ake the unc
on fin
e d
c omp res
s ion strength of
test
specimen of 90d
age.
9.
2
Des
ign
9.
2.
1
Cement ma y be c
hos e
n as t
he s
t abi
liz
er for
tre
a t
ing soft
soi
l
by deep
mix-
i
ng method, o
t he
r effec
tive stabil
izer
s may also
be adopted. The quanti
ty o f
t
he st
a-
bi
li
zer
to be
added
s hould be ?%^- 15% of
t he weight
of
the soil
to
be s
tabiliz
ed. Ma-
t
eri
a l
s havi
ng prope r
tie
s of quick一ha rdening, retar
ding, wa ter
reducing, cement
sa
ving, etc
. are
to be cho sen as a
dmixtures, depending on the nee
d of the works,
howeve
r,
envi
ronment
al
c
ont
ami
nati
on
shal
l be
avoi
ded..
9
. 2
. 2
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f be
ari
ng
p
res
sur
e o
f c
omp
osi
te
f
oun
dat
ion
wi
th
mix
ed一i n一pla
ce pil
es
sha
ll
be
det
ermin
e d
by
in-sit
u l
oadi
ng t
est
of
t
he
c
omp
osi
te
f
ounda
tion,
it
can a
lso
be
cal
cul
ate
d by
the
fo
llowi
ng formula:
侧-
凡
一
人
沉
-
+P(
I一拼)f
.A (9.2.2一 1)
whe
re
f,p
,k
-st
andar
d va
lue
of
be
ari
ng
c
apa
cit
y of
t
he
c
ompo
sit
e f
ounda
tion;
m一 r
ate
o
f a
rea
r
epl
ace
ment;
AP
- c
ros
s一s
ect
iona
l a
rea
of
pi
le;
41
fe
,、
一st
anda
rd
v
alue
of
be
ari
ng
c
apa
cit
y of
t
he
na
tur
al
f
ounda
tion
s
oil
be
-
t
wee
n pi
les;
月一 p i
les;
be-
c
oe
f
fi
c
ie
nt
of
be
ar
i
ng
,c
a
pa
ci
t
y
r
ed
uc
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
ea
r
th
b
et
we
enwhen the
no
acti
on
o
f
th
e
so
ft
s
oi
l
be
twe
en
p
il
es
i
s
co
nsi
de
re
d;
R
k
- s
t
an
da
r
d
va
l
ue
,
o
De
f
vs
e
'
rt
i
c
al
be
a
ri
n
gI
,
c
.
a
aeterm i
p
a
ci
t
y少ssinin司gl
nea
oy
cne.
i
e
pi
l
e
e间。
n- si
tu
t
whi
ch
s
hal
l
oaam g test
of
a
s
ing
le
pi
le
may
als
o b
e
,介s
t
an
da
r
d
va
l
ue
o
f
t
h
caicutatea
e
ve
r
t
oy
i
c
al
he
a
cne
i
r
i
ng
pt
i
c
a
pa
ci
t
y
owi
“‘
va
lue
i
s
ng two t
o b
e t
a
torm utke
n:
as,
and
zne-
sm aner
R是=t
/.
人UAAu (
92.
2一2)
R挂
二舀,U1-
f-a
AP9 (9.2.2一3)
where
f
,
.,
k
-一
th
e
a
ve
r
ag
e
v
al
u
e
o
f.
u
n
m en c
on
f
i
ne
d
c
om
p
ottne.
.r
e
ss
i
o
soin
s
l t
r
en
gt
h
o
f
t
e
s
stabi
lt
s
ip
e
ci
-
zed
in
taporatory
witn
tne.
sarne
mixture
rati
o as
t
hat
o
f
th
e s
ta
bi
li
ze
d
so
il
o
f
th
e p
il
e
sh
af fmi
t
o xed一i
n
-pl
ace
pi
le
7mm,
c
ube
s wi
th
si
de
(p
ee
in
te
n介r
e
cu
bes
w
it
h
si
de
l
en
gt
h
70
.
l
engt
h 5
0mm
may
al
so
b
e us
ed);
攀
一
co
e
f
i
ci
e
n
t
o
矶-
l
f
s
t
r
e
e
n
g
t
hr
e
d
u
c
ngt
t
i
o
n
,
h一
i
t
m
a
)
y
t
a
ke
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
f间e
o
f
0
pe
r
.
3
5
淤
ime
ter;
l一l
eng
th。pil
e
q
,
-sta
ndardvalue
of
beari
ng press
ure
of t
he nat
ura
l f
oundat
ion s
oil
at
the
p以e
;t
ip,it
may be
deter
mi ned
in
accor
dancewith
rel
ate
d p
rovi
sions
of
3.
2 i
n 3
of
the
Natio
nal
St anda
rd
" Code
fordes
ign o
f b
uildi
ng f
o un
da-
t
i
ons”GB
J 7
-89
;
. c
oef
fi
ci
ent
b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y r
edu
cti
on
f
or
n
atu
ral
f
oun
dat
ion
s
oil
a
t t
he
p
ile
t
ip,
i
t
ma
y t
ake
t
he
va
lue
of
0.
4^-
O.
i.
f
I
n
th
e
de
si
gn.
th
e
ra
te
o
f
ar
ea
r
ep
la
ce
men
t
m
c
an
b
e
ob
ta
in
ed
f
rmform ula (9.
o
2
.
2-1
) a
ccor
ding
t
o t
he
r
equ
ire
d be
ari
ng
c
apa
cit
y of
t
he
f
ound
ati
on.
一
衬t
e
j
1
f
r
i
l
u
a
m
s
n
-
t
b
r
al
.
e
u
g
c
y
r
t
o
a
u
l
f
t
r
p
e
;
i
o
-
l
.
e
f
a
s
n
d
Pg
c
e
i
a
l
n
p
b
s
l
m
o
i
e
c
x
k
a
忿
公
.42 ・
杭A
(9.2.3)
n
=AP
whe
re
n-numbe
r of
pi
les;
A一area
of
t
he
base
of
f
oundat
ions.
9. 2.
4 Wh en the re exists soft unde r
]如ng s tratum below the range of t
re at
me nt
of
mi xed-i n-pl ace pil
es, t he verifi
c ation
of the str
engt h of the und erlying stra tum
can be perfor me d i
n accorda nce with relat
ed pr ovisions of the Nationa l Standa rd”
Cod e for design of b uildi
ng found ations”GBJ 7一89.
9 .
2.5
The def or ma ti
on of the compo si
te fou ndation wi th mixe d-i n-pi l e
s con-
sis
ts of t
he co mpr essive defor ma ti
on of the
c omp osite
s oil
l
aye rs and the compr e
s sive
defor ma ti
on of the unt r
e at
e d soil stra t
a below the ti
p of
pile, i
n whi ch the va l
ue of
compr essi
ve defor mat ion o
f the compos i
te
s oil layers may be 10一30 mm by e
xpe ri
-
ence, depend ing on the loads f
rom the s
upe rstr ucture, pile length, s tr
e ng th of pile
shaft. The v alue of the compr ess i
ve de f
orma tio n of the unt reated soil s t
rata be low
the pile ti
p ma y be det e
rmi ned in acc ordance wi th re
la te
d p rovisi
ons of the Na t
iona l
Standa rd”Cod e for de si
gn of building foundat ions”GBJ 7一89 .
9. 2.
6
The tr eatme nt of dee p
mi xing i
n wa ll form ca
n be de
signed a ccording to
gravity retaining wal l whe n it
=s used for
under gr ound tempor ar y
retaining structur e.
Th
e l
ap
l
eng
th
o
f n
eig
hbo
uri
ng
p
il
es
s
hou
ld
b
e g
rea
ter
t
han
1
00mm.
9.
3
Cons
truc
tion
9.
3. 1 The s ite whe r e
the t reatme nt by de ep mixing me thod is
to be car rie
d out
shal
l be leveled i
n adva nc e, wi t h clearing up a nd remov al o
f all
obstruc ti
ons,e i
ther
on o
r unde r
the gr ound, i
nc ludi ng bo ulde rs, tr ee
roots and hous e
re
fus e. For l
ow-
lyi
ng si
te s, t
he y sha l
l be f
il
le d wi th
cohe sive soils,
but neve r wi t
h miscellane ous
fill
.
9.
3. 2 The cons tr
uc tion of d eep
mi xing can be carr
ied out i
n the
followi ng s
teps:
1. Ins t
all the mac hi ne for de ep mi xing i
n positi
on;
2. Pr el
imi na ry mixin g and sinking;
3. Slur r
y spr aying, mi xi ng and hoi sti
ng;
4. Re peat mi xing an d s inki ng;
5. Re peat mi xing and lifting up t
o t
he mo uth of t
he hole;
6. put off t
he mixin g ma chi ne.
9.3. 3 Befo re the co ns t
r uct ion, the c
ons truc ti
on parame t er
s such as the pumpi ng
cap
acity of mor ta r pump of the de ep mi xing ma chine, the t i
me neede
d f
or the mortar
tbefor场
to
reach the s pra ying out l
et of t he mi xer t hrou gh the mo r t
a r
pumpi ng pipe and
l
i
fti
ng
s
pee
d o
f t
he
l
i
fti
ng
e
qui
pme
nt
s
hal
l
be
c
ali
bra
ted;
t
he
p
rop
ort
ion
ing
mi
x
t
he
mi
xed一i
n一pl
ace
pi
les
an
d t
he
c
ons
truc
tio
n t
echn
ologyshall
be
det
ermi
ned
・43
p
i
l
e
f
9
o
.
r3
m
.
i
4
ng
T
h
te
e
s
t
s
s
ol
i
n
di
a
f
c
y
c
i
no
g
r
d
ag
n
e
c
n
e
t
w
a
i
nt
d
h
a
de
m
s
i
gx
n
t
u
re
e
q
u
mi
r
u
e
s
m
t
e
b
n
e
t
s
u
.
bj
e
ct
e
d
t
o
la
b
or
a
t
or
y
t
e
s
t-
扛二
流林日朴一 9
.
4
Qu
al
it
y
te
st
in
g
an
归xa
min
at
io
n
9
:
4:
1
Th
e
co
nst
ru
ct
io
n
re
co
rds
s
hal
l
be
e
xami
ne
d
fr
om
t
ime
t
o
ti
me
d
uri
ng co n
s
truc
tio
n'an
d qua
lit
y e
val
uat
ion
s
hal
l be
pe
rfor
med
f
or
e
ach
pi
le:
Fo
r uns
ati
sfa
ctor
y
p
il
es,measures
of
pr
ovi
ding
f
urt
her
pi
le
s or
of
s
tre
ngt
heni
ng
t
hei
r.
a
djac
ent
pi
le
s
lb
shal e
t
aken
r
esp
ect
ive
ly.
介c
>
a
i
l
t
w
n
s
o
g
i
b
t
s
a
h
e
o
f
l
i
n
d
o
l
p
7
a
u
t
i
n
w
l
e
a
d
f
s
o
tl
g
r
h
e
m
a
c
i
d
l
t
n
s
o
h
y
u
e
f
g
m
t
o
2
c
l
;
1
甘
价
‘44,
1
. Cor
e s
ampl
es
s
hal
l
be
dr
il
led
f
rom
t
he
pi
le
s
haf
t
to
ma
ke
t
est
s
pec
ime
ns
f
rom
t
hem
f
or
me
asu
rin
g t
he
s
tre
ngt
h o
f t
he
p
il
e
sh
aft
wh
ose
s
tre
ngt
h i
s
in
s
usp
ici
on
a
fte
r
s
oundi
ng
te
st;
2.
For
pi
les
wi
th
c
ompl
i
cat
ed
s
ite
c
ondi
ti
ons
or
p
ile
s wi
th
c
ons
truc
ti
on
pr
ob-
l
ems
, s
ingl
e
pi
l
e l
oad
ing
t
est
s
hal
l
he
car
ri
ed
o
ut
to
tes
t t
hei
r
bea
ri
ng
cap
aci
ty;
3. For
wo
rks
wher
e s
tri
ct
r
equ
ire
ment
i
s s
pec
if
ied
to
the
l
app
ing
of
adj
ace
nt
pil
es,
open
excava
tion
sha
ll
b
e c
arr
rid
out
f
or se
vera
l
se
l e
cted
pi
le
shaft
s at
a
cer
tain
age o
f t
hei
r
c ur
ing
in o
rder
t
o i
nsp
ect
the
appear
ance
quali
ty
of
the t
op par
t of
the
p
il
e.
.
9.
4
.
4 The
posi
ti
ons, t
he numbe r
and
the
qual
ity
of
t
he t
ops
of
pil
es
s
hal
l
be i
n-
s
pec
ted
aft
er t
he
foundat
ion t
r e
nch has b
een e
xcavat
ed.
Effe
cti
ve
reme方 meas
ures
s
hal
l
be t
aken
if
t
hey do
not
me et
the s
pe c
if
ie
d re
quireme
nts.
45
1
0 Hi
gh
pr
ess
ure
j
et
g
rou
ting
me
thod
1
0.
1
Gener
al
`
requi
rement
s
i
s su
itab
l e
'
for
the
tr
eatment
of
。
一10
.1
.个h
i
gh
p
r
e
imunoatt
s
su
r
e
on
j
et
gr
o
ut
i
sucn
n
g
m
as
t
h
eo
ds
il
t,
l
M UCK, oess,
s
m ucky andy
s
so t, oi
l;
ea
conesir
th
fi
ll
ve 5o n ,
a
nd
gr
ave
ll
y s
oil一
etc
:
;
t
s
e
i
v
s
e
t
s
'
T
oh
n
i
l
e
,
t
s
h
a
u
e
l
ga
i
a
t
s
r
i
t
b
g
e
i
l
w
i
a
t
nt
y
m
h
e
o
n
u
f
n
th
t
e
o
i
s
f
o
r
m
i
e
l
e
o
c
t
h
s
o
n
a
d
t
n
a
ma
d
i
s
n
h
b
s
a
r
l
a
a
n
t
t
b
c
u
e
h
m
e
d
s
b
e
e
o
t
r
f
e
p
o
m
l
f
a
i
r
n
r
:
u
t
e
b
s
d
b
o
a
l
r
e
co
x
f
r
c
d
l
a
e
i
n
r
sg
g
i
e
v
t
s
e
o
i
z
q
t
eu
h
,
a
e
n
h
r
t
a
i
e
r
ts
y
d
u
o
l
c
t
f
o
s
h
oo
e
r
f
.
-
1
0.
1
.
2
The
hi
gh
pr
ess
ure
j
et
g
rou
tin
g me
thodCa n be
used
for
the
foundat
ion.
扮牛井
s
h
一
m
h
s
t
y
e
r
d
u
t
h
r
c
o
1
t
g
0
u
d
a
p
e
r
i
o
1
t
l
e
d
,
.
o
i
s
g
4
e
i
n
t
c
D
ea
.
c
l
u
e
r
F
s
d
i
n
a
o
g
t
r
a
y
:
e
t
o
h
x
f
e
o
i
s
t
w
h
i
n
a
o
e
v
g
r
e
k
s
b
a
i
t
u
n
e
g
i
l
o
d
a
o
s
i
d
n
u
g
t
w
u
s
n
o
e
l
d
f
u
er
t
a
h
s
e
t
a
d
n
r
s
e
c
d
s
i
h
n
g
e
f
m
n
o
r
e
m
i
f
n
o
t
a
f一
:
g
a
n
t
s
h
g
i
h
on
a
p
e
l
r
a
;
r
s
b
i
n
l
o
u
s
gr
e
t
g
b
e
t
j
o
e
h
l
t
o
c
g
b
l
i
r
c
u
o
e
a
i
u
c
l
d
t
a
e
i
n
dg
,
s
uch
as
observat
ion
dat
a upon
compl
eti
on
of
the
wor
ks
and
i
ts
pr
esent
st
ate,
i
nfor-
m
r
a
n
t
r
i
e
o
1
t
n
e
0r
:
o
s
1
f
.
a
5
n
d
d
j
Aa
t
c
f
e
c
n
h
r
t
n
t
bo
h
u
e
l
o
i
l
s
g
d
c
y
i
h
n
oe
g
m
f
s
c
e
a
o
n
d
fs
t
h
u
r
i
n
g
c
d
h
t
e
ir
p
o
g
r
n
e
o
s
u
h
n
ar
d
l
e
f
b
j
a
e
e
c
t
i
d
l
gi
e
r
t
i
o
e
u
s
r
t
m
,
i
ni
g
n
e
h
d
a
s
by
b
e
i
n
-
ds
e
i
c
t
u
i
d
e
t
d
e
execution or
s
,
t
s
h
,
e
t
rp
i
a
-
l ba
sed
on
.
the
e
xper
ienc
e of
pr
evi
ous
wo
rks
1
0.
2
De
sig
n
1
0:-
2.1
Th
e f
oun
dat
i
on
t
o b
e t
rea
ted
wi
t
h c
hur
nin
g pi
l
es
ma
y b
e d
esi
gne
d a
s a
4
6.
c
omposite
f
ound a
tion. When u
sed
as
ret
aini
ng s tru
cture
or pi
le f
oun dati
on,
it
may
be
c
alc
ulat
ed” a s t
rengthened
body
which
bears loads i
ndependently.
10.
2.2
The strength
and
dia
meter
of c
hur ning pi
les
shall
be determi
ned a
cco
rd-
i
ng t
o i
n-s it
u tests.
Whe n
ther
e i
s
:no
in一s itu test
data, t
he e
xpe r
ienc
e of
ot
her
c
hurni
ng gr
outing pract
ice
wit
h s
imi
lar
soil
condi t
ions
may a
lso be re
ferr
ed t
o.
1
0.
2
.
3
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f c
omp
osi
te
f
oun
dat
io
n wi
th
chu
rning
pi
le
s shal
l be
de
termi
ned by
in一s i
tu
l
oadi
ng t
est
f
or
such f
oun da
ti
on,
i
t
may a
lso
be
cal
cula
ted
by t
he f
oll
owing
for
mula
or
base
d on
l
oca
l s
itu
ations
and
e
x-
p
eri
enc
e of
e
xec
uti
on
i
n wor
ks
wi
th
s
i面l
ar
s
oil
c
ondi
ti
ons.
f
..
、一半C
Rk
+R
J、
f
.
>
<
(A}
-Ao
)] (10.2.3- 1)
whe
re 凡,k- s tandar
d val
ue of
bea
ring c
apaci
ty
of
the
c
ompos
ite
f
oundat
ion;
人一 treatment
area
shared
by
o ne
pil
e;
Ap
- a
ve r
age c
ross-secti
onal
area
of
pil
e;
人,
、一s tandard
value
of b
eari
ng pre
ssure
of
t
he na
tur
al
f
oundat
ion
soi
l
be-
t
wee
n pi
les;
月一 re
du c
tion coef
fi
cie
nt of
beari
ng
capa
cit
y of t
he nat
ural
foundati
on
soi
l
bet
wee n pi
les,
it
can
be d
etermi
ned
by te
sts a
nd may t
ake the
val
ue
of
0.
2^-0.
6 when no
test
i
nformati
on
is
avai
lable.
It
may take
the
val
ue
of
zero when t
he ef
fect
of
soft
s
oil
b
etween pile
s i
s
not
c onsi
der
ed.
砚一s
tand
ard
v
alu
e o
f
ve
rti
cal
b
ear
ing
c
apa
cit
y o
f a
s
ing
le
p
il
e,
t
o b
e d
ete
r-
mi
ned
by
i
n-s
itu
l
oad
ing
t
est
s.
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f v
ert
ic
al
b
ear
in
g p
res
sur
e
of
a
s
in
gle
p
il
e
ma
y a
lso
b
e c
al
-
c
ula
ted
by
t
he
f
oll
wing
t
wo
f
ormul
as,
t
he
s
mal
le
r va
lue
f
rom
t
he
r
esul
ts
s
hal
l
be
t
ak-
en :
以-7
1
f .
k
凡 (10.2.3一2)
R
t=A
d
Zh
:
q+A
,qa
.,. 1
(10.2.3- 3)
whe
re
f ,
k
a verage
val
ue
of
unconf
ined
compre
ss i
ve
strengt
h of
the
s
pec
ime
n t
ak-
e n
fr
om the
pil
e s
haft
(cube
s wi
th
side l
ength 7
0. 7
mm);
t/
- s
trengt
h re
ducti
on c
oeff
ic
ient,
bei
ng
0. 35- 0.
50;
d-
ave
rage
di
ame
ter
o
f p
ile;
n一 numbe
r o
f s
oil
s
tra
ta
I
妇rig
i
n t
he
r
ange
of
pi
le
l
engt
h;
h;
- t
hic
kne
ss
o
f t
he
i
th
s
oil
s
tra
tum
aroun
d t
he
pi
le;
q
H s
tanda
rd
v
alu
e of
t
he
f
ri
cti
on
f
orc
e o
f t
he
i
th
s
oil
s
tra
tum
around
t
he
p
il
e,
i
t
ma
y t
ake
t
he
s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e of
s
ide
f
ri
ct
ion
o
f c
ast
-in一p
lac
e
。 47 。
_
bo
re
d
q,--
p
i
l
e
St
s
;。一_‘r
.
, ,
andard
val
ue
or
Deari
ng
capaci rne naturalf
ty ox. oundat
ion
soi
l at
t
he
一p
i
n
i
l
e
3.
t
i
2
po
,
f
i
1
B
-
s
d
n
u
o
f
t'
h
m
e
aN
y
a
b
te
i
o
d
n
e
at
l
e
r
S
mt
a
i
n
d
ea
d
r
d
in
"
a
c
Cc
o
d
r
d
e
a
f
n
oc
r
e
d
we
s
i
t
i
h
gn
r
e
o
lf
a
t
b
e
u
d
i
l
r
d
e
iq
n
u
g
i
re
me
n
t
s
级e
t
x
7
o
h
i
r
-
f
e
n
7
m
8
o
-
9
t
u
e
i
h
,
n
s
d
t
i
n
a
r
.
t
w
o
b
i
nf
y
h
g
t
i
e
c
d
h
o
e
f
t
N
h
o
a
r
e
l
m
t
i
o
a
Whe
r
w
p
n
t
i
d
o
l
u
e
n
g
S
l
o
e
t
f
s
a
n
g
r
t
d
m
h
f
a
e
c
u
ro
d
l
s
m
a
h
"
:
p
l
r
C
e
o
s
b
d
e
i
t
c
f
la
o
s
i
r
t
c
y
u
d
l
o
e
s
a
f
t
i
r
e
g
a
h
d
n
t
i
o
ca
f
n
m
b
d
c
u
p
t
i
o
l
h
d
r
s
e
-
e EP
;
-
EP
,=
凡(
A,-Ap
)-I
-
人
EP
A, (10.2.4)
m
odu
lu
s
of
co
mpr
es
si
b
il
i
ty
o
f
co
mpo
si
t
e
so
i
l
la
ye
rs
w
it
h
ch
ur
ni
ng
E‘
一 m
p
i
o
ld
e
u
;
lu
s、c
o
mp
re
s
si
b
i
li
t
y。
,t
h
e
s
oi
l
be
t
w
e
en
pi
l
e
s,
it
ma
y
b
e
-r
e
-
_一
p
la
ce
d
b
y
t
ha
t
o
f
t
he
na
t
ur
al
fo
un
da
t
io
nit
sot
' 一一m OGnl
r ma
ybe
d
et
usolcom presslil
1e
r
1mi
ne
Ly d
b
y
01
pit
h
le
e bl
ialt,
me
thod
of
me
asur
ing
t
he
s
eca
nt
mo
dul
uso
f
el
ast
ic
it
y
of
c
onc
ret
e.
必拼 耳
a
ge
c
he
.
c
k
1
0.
e
3.
d
b
e
1
f
The
o
re
c
o
de
n
s
s
t
i
r
u
gn
ct
i
oni
n a
ccor
p
o
da
s
i
ti
o
nc
n
s
e
o
f
p
i
wi
t
l
1
0.
e
h
o
h
s
i
l
e
t
3
s
f
o
Cons
r
h
e
s
i
g
h
ur
p
r
t
r
e
s
r
s
u
uc
r
ound
i
t
e
j
e
ion
t
gr
o
ut
ngs
a
i
n
g
s
nd
l
h
a
oc
l
l
a
t
b
e
ions
of
un-
de
rgt
o und f
aci
li
t珍s
.
f0. 3
. 2
The
pr
ess
ure
d
oub
le-t
ube
me
tho
ds aS
“一
卜
・hi
弓
h
p
welt
.
r
e
ss
u
as.
.
r
e
c
em
en
一
tne
g
ro
ut
fl
o
w
in
si
n
gl
e
pressure
下
’u
b
of
e
,
a
ni
n
d
gn
pressure.
:
water
j
et
in
tri
ple一
t
ube
met
hod'
shoul
d begreater t
han
20
MPa;
t
he
pr
ess
ure
of
l
ow
pr
essur
e c
eme
nt
g=
oat
f
low
shou
ld悦 gr
eat
t
han1
MPa,
t
he
ai
r f
low
pre
ssur
e s
houl
d be
0.
7
MPa,
.48 ・
a
nd
t
he
l
i
fti
ng
s
pee
d may
be
t
ake
n a
s 0
.1-0
.
25
m/mi
n.
1
0.
3
.
3
Th
e ma
in
ma
ter
ia
l
fo
r hi
gh
p
res
sur
e j
et
g
rou
ti
ng
i
s
ce
ment
; f
or
wo
rks
wit
hout
speci
al
requi
rement
s, port
land c
e ment o
f No. 3
25 o
r 425
sho
uld b
e use
d.
Appropr
iat
e a
mo unt
of
addi
ti
ves
and admixture
s su
ch a
s ea
r l
y se
tti
ng,
sus
pendi
ng
or
ant
if
reez
ing
agents
ma y
be
added a
ccordi
ng t
o nee
d. The quanti
ti
es
of
addi
ti
ve
and
a
dmi
xtur
e s
hal
l
be
d
ete
rmi
ned妙 t
est
s.
1
0.
3
.
4
The
wa
ter
c
eme
nt
r
ati
o of
t
he
ce
ment
gr
out
s
hal
l
be
d
ete
rmi
ned
b
y t
he
ne
eds
of
t
he
wor
ks,
i
t
may
t
ake
t
he
v
alue
o
f 1.
0^-1
. 5,
us
ual
ly
1
. 0.
10. 3.5 Th e const r
uc t
ion ope r
a t
ions of bigh pressure j
et gro uting cons i
st
of set
-
ting
ma ch
ine y
r i
n posit
ion, sinking gro uti
ng t
ube s,
gr outi
ng, pul l
ing out tubes and
wa s
hing t
he m.
10. 3.‘The drill
ing ma chine should n
ot be i
nstal
le d
too far f r
om t
he high p
r es
-
sure
gr outi
ng pump. The devi ati
on of the po s
iti
on of dril
led hol es fr
om their
des i
gn
l
o ca
tions sha l
l not be greater
tha n
5 0mm. The actual
h ol
e positions, hol e
depths and
the
situations inside the hole
s such as under ground obs t
acles, ca vit
ies, wa t
er blow-
i
ng-i n, l
ea kage an d wha t
differs
f r
om t
he given engineering ge ologica
l report shal
l
be
recorde
d i
n det
ail
.
10. 3.
7 The jet
gr outi
ng cann ot be c
a rri
ed
out unt i
l the grouti
ng tub e h
as been
penetra
t ed
into the
groun d wit
h it s no z
zle rea
chi
ng the de sign l
evel. Aft
e r
the gr
out-
ing
parame ters
ha ve r
e ached
the spe cif
ied val
ues,
th e grout ing tube is
li
fted acc
ord-
ing t
o the technological re
quireme nts of churni
ng, oriente d grouting and swinging
grouti
ng r
espe c
tivel
y, with j
etti
ng and grouting
being exec uted from the bottom to
the
top of
the hole. The l
ap l
engt h of t
he grouti
ng
tu be sha ll be
not les
s than i00mm
whe n
the grouting t
ube is
li
fte
d by se c
ti
ons.
10. 3.
8 For works where t he range of
str
engt hening has to be extended or
s
tre
ngt
h h
as
t
o
be
r
ais
ed,
r
epe
ate
d s
pra
yin
g me
asu
res
ma
y b
e a
dop
ted,
i
.
e.
s
pra
yin
g
c
lea
n wa
ter
at
f
irs
t a
nd
t
hen
c
eme
nt
g
rout
f
or
one
or
t
wo
t
ime
s.
1
0.3,Whe
n unus
ual
s
itua
tions
s
uch
as
t
he
s
udd
en
d
rop
or
r
ise
i
n pr
ess
ure
or
a
gre
at amo unt
of gro ut fl
owi ng out
in the pr
ocess o
f high press
ur e
grouti
ng, the c
a us-
es
for such oc
curr e
nc es
shal l
be i
dentifie
d and meas ure
s shall
be ti
me l
y t
ake n.
10. 11 0
Up on the c
ompl eti
on of
high pressur
e gr
out i
ng, the
grouti
ng tube shall
be
pul le
d out t
o av oid the co ntra
ction due to s
ett
ing o
f grout which af
fects t
he pi l
e
t
op l
e vel. Measures such a
s grouti
ng up to f
lowing out of
grout o
r regr
outing may be
t
aken when necessar y.
10. 3.
11
For t
he t
reatme nt of ex
isting f
oundat i
on, me asure
s such as e
a rl
y se t
-
t
ing grou t
churning grouti
ng wit
h l
arge pil
e spaci
ng f
o r
every two pil
es as well as
・ 49 .
一
燕赞s
a
i
h
n
r
o
g
e
f
a
d
l
h
t
b
o
i
y
e
g
,
h
b
a
c
s
e
r
t
p
a
.
k
s
rt
e
i
n
d
s
a
u
t
o
i
g
r
e
n
p
h
t
j
r
o
f
e
n
t
v
r
1
0
e
f
g
d
o
n
t
h
u
a
e
n
d
t
b
i
a
u
n
t
g
h
l
o
i
d
e
n
a
:
f
a
g
d
r
l
o
:
j
d
m
a
t
h
e
c
f
o
n
u
r
t
m
o
i
u
4
a
n
s
t
g
e
o
a
i
.
1
Hi
gh
p
re
ss
ur
i
d
e
j
.
4
e
Q
u
t
g
a
r
o
l
i
t
u
y
t
i
n
t
e
st
g
i
n
g
ma
y
b
a
nd
e
t
e
e
x
s
t
a
m
e
i
d
b
n
at
i
y
o
n-
me
th
ods
su
ch
a
s
oo
et
v
ati
on,
bo
ring
c
ore
s,,
st
anda
rd
p
ene
tra
tio
n,
l
oadi
ng
t
est
o
r wa
ter
pr
ess
ure
t
est
ing
兰
蒸然于
然兰燕誉t
a
t
r
h
e
la
f
o
r
l
g
e
o
r
wi
n
g
l
o
c
a
t
io
n
;
3
:
at
pl
a
ce
s
w
he
r
e
任。越〔Plu
nu
s
ua
l
e
v
e
aces n
ts
oc
c
ur
r
ed
;
w nere.
.
Ine.
.Com pacareo
geol
OFl
ca c
ondi
tions
may
af
fect
t
he
nual
itv
n
h
igh
p
res
sur
e
je
t
gr
out
i
ng
1n:东 3
The n1t
number est
ed
poi
nts
s
hal
l
amoun
t t
o 2%一50
/
n of
t
he
v
rout
ec
hol
es:
For
works
where
the
gr
out
ed
hol
es
ar
e le
s s
t
ha n
20, at
l
eas
t t
wo points shal
be
test
ed.
The_
unsat
is
fac
tory
hol
es
s
hal
l“〔regrout
e出
1
0:
4.
4 Qual
it
y t
est
ing
and
ex
ami
nati
ora1
,at
1卜。 narri
rrl
:.
n t
fn r
v
nE.
alz'
c n(*o* +
k‘
c
ompl
eti
on
of-
hi
gh-pr
ess
ure
gr
out
ing.
So
ll
Unde
rpi
nni
ng
met
hod
11.
1
Gener
al
r
equi
reme
nts
1
1. 1.
1 The und erp
in ni
ng method is s
uit
a bl
e f
or s
trengthe
ning, i
ncr
e a
se of
s
torey number or extension of
exi
s t
ing buil
dings,
for
foundati
on t r
eatment a
nd
s
trengtheni
ng of
f
ootings of e
xist
ing b
uilding
s s
ubject
ed t
o the
inf
luence of
t
he con-
st
ruct
ion of
under
ground works,for
ne w bui
ldi
ng pro
jec
t or t
he exc
a vati
on
o f
deep
f
ound
ati
on
p
it.
11.
1.
2 The f
oll
owing
i
nformat
ion
shal
l
be o
bt a
ined an
d wel
l
stud
ied
in
wo
rki
ng
o
ut
t
he
desi
gn and c
onst
ruc
tio
n sc
heme of
unde
rpinning:
1.
Engi
neerin
g geol
ogi
cal
and
hydr
o ge
olog
ical
da t
a of
the
si
te,
suppl
eme
nta
ry
s
urve
y s
hal
l be
c
arr
ied
o
ut
whe
n n
ece
ssa
ry;
2.
I
nfor
mat
ion
a
nd
d
ata
of
t
he
s
truc
tur
al
d
esi
gn,
c
onst
ruc
tion,
c
ompl
eti
on,
s
et-
t
le
men
t
ob
ser
vat
io
n a
nd
c
aus
es
o
f d
ama
ges
o
f
th
e b
uil
di
ng
t
o b
e u
nde
rpi
nne
d;
3.
I
nv es
t i
gati
on ma terial
s
on t
h e
possibl
e influences of
t he
unde rground pipe l
ines
within the
site, a
djacent buil
dings and natural envi
r onme nt on the existi
ng buildings
during the e
xe cut
ion of underpinning
an d af
te r
the c o
mpl etion of t
he same.
11.
1.
3 One or
s everal
unde r
pinning me t
ho ds ma y be a
do pted in a
cc or
da nce with
the condit
ions of
founda ti
on soil
an d
foundations of the existi
ng buil
dings.
11.
1:
4
The construction
mo nitor
ing during unde rpinning and the sett
leme nt ob-
ser
va ti
on after t
he comp leti
on of t
h e
same s
ha ll
be stri
c t
ly performe d, and construc-
t
ion r e
cords shall
be duly kept
1
1.
2
Und
erpi
nni
ng
b
y pi
les
11. 2. 1 Unde rpinni
ng by pil
es can be clas
sifi
ed as pit一t ype unde r
pinning by
sta
t ical
ly j
acked pi l
es,
underp inning by sta ti
c a
ll
y jacked piles with an
c hor rods,
un-
derpinning by cast 一in一s i
tu pi les
and und erpinning by root p attern
pil
es .
Un de rpi
nning by pil
es is suit
a ble for f
ound at
ion suc h as weak cohesive soi
l,
loo
s e sand y soil
, s at
urate
d loe ss, collapsibl e l
oess,
plain fill
and misc
e ll
aneou s
fi
ll.
The single
pile beari
ng c ap aci
ty of var ious
kinds of piles ma y
be determined by
in-s itu loading t
e st
or i
n ac
c or dance wi t
h r elate
d provis
io ns i
n the Nati
o nal
Standard
"Co de f
or des i
gn of buil
ding found at i
ons "GBJ 7一89 .
11.
2. 2 Pit一t ype underpi nning by s
t atical
ly j
acked pi l
es
1
:
The
pi
t一t
ype
unde
rpi
nni
ng
by
s
tat
ica
lly
j
acke
d pi
les
i
s s
uit
abl
e f
or
t
he
unde
r-
・s1 .
p
t
i
o
n
l
e
s
i
'
o
n
2
f
.
g
ta
S
s
h
i
n
t
e
d
e
p
l
c
i
e
o
t
n
uc
s
g
b
a
o
t
e
h
n
l
s
i
d
b
1
o
a
5
e
f
t
0
i
do
^
e
n
i
-
a
t
2
e
m
o
5
r
f
e
0
s
t
m
i
e
nr
m
e
i
p
d
1
c
5
f
a
b
o
0
n
y
u
-
n
b
th
d
e
2
a
5
u
t
0
c
s
i
m
l
o
e
n
d
a
m
s
r
f.
a
o
n
r
f
c
p
e
i
l
h
r
ec
i
s
g
a
h
s
a
t
f
r
o
s
e
f
.
in
t
T
h
f
o
e
r
p
c
e
i
l
t
d
n
fo
c
g
r
t
h
n
u
c
n
o
r
f
d
e
te
r
a
p
c
s
i
h
q
n
u
s
a
i
e
n
r
c
ge
-
牛
一
。
u
o
n
r
r
d
f
c
wi
t
a
t
i
o
Vui
o
n
h
n
c
a
n
竖.
‘
一
e
r
e
c
h
3
a
t
m
0
U
n
e
}
?
d
e
‘
一
a
mm
t
e
o
.只,。
s
t
r
r
o
r
p
i
1.til
n
n
n
e.
d
f
o
u
tuurlps
?.
20 X2
r
e
d
n
s
i
n
g
.
n
d
b
a
t
i
o
00
g
,
e
t
a
c
y
s
n
t
a
t
s
s
t
r
侧y
e
n
g
mm
h g
r
h
s
e
j
t
h
a
州p
underpi
e
n
i
t口 De ou
or
a
c
t
d
i
o
3
e
n
g
i
l
e
.
=
nni
。
‘
0
:
一
K
i
ng.
.
‘
一
‘
t
h
oy.
n
0mm
C3(
nof
)c
pi
l
a
:
g
r.b
u
n
n
i
l
d
i
X3
e
i
n
b
s
r
n
g
0
0
e
h
n
stat
tr
s
an
t
r
o
mm
us
e
1一3
ml
ds
pr
d
o
i
s
nQ,
.
s
caly.]
c
u
i
as
as
t
d
t
ab
t
r
he
e
pe
l
e
e
f
i
o
r
aexeu pne:
nf
sha
ndi
f
t
or
c
s
ng
'
e
wi
t
d
of
upo
c
h
anchor
onc
st
n t
a
ti
he
c
o
r
c
a
e
l
ns
t
t
e
l
y
r
s
rods
qua
j
a
uc
c
r
ke
e
d
pi
l
pi
l
e
:
e
:
r〕e认
t
ton cl
ea ranc e he i
ght . Steel
tube s or
rails
ma y also be used as pil
e s ha fts
. Ext ension
conn ect
ions can be we lded or joined with sul ph uric c e
me nt .
3. Whe n t he de sign re q
uir e
s to
a pply pr ec omp r
e ssion t o pil e
s, the piles sha ll
be
i
mme d
iat ely anc hor ed to the foundat i
ons be f or e unloa ding. The pr e compr e
s si
eni ng
frame and the jacks ca nnot be r e
mo ve d unt il the conc rete for cl
os i
ng pile top has
reached i
ts de sign stren gth. In case whe n pr e compr ess i
oni ng of pile s is
not neede d,
the pil
e j
ac ki ng frame can be remo ved af
ter the de s
ign de pt h an d the force p ressing
the pil
e ha ve be en reac hed, and t
he pi l
e clos ing treatme n t ca n t
hen be ca rr
ie d out.
Bef ore
the a nc hor age of pile
s to the founda tio n soi l
, the pile tops sha ll
be c
ut sho r
t
and ha cke d r ough. The wa l
ls
of t
he ho l
es for pile j
acki ng-i n shall be hac ked roug h
and c l
ean ed of a ny impr ope r
objects, and the n sli
ght ly expa nsive and quick-ha rden-
i
ng conc rete of gra de C3 0 wil
l be placed.
11. 2.
4 Under pinni ng by eas t
-i n一s itu pi le
s
Unde rpi nni ng by cast一i n一s i
t u pi
l es is s uitable for t he unde rpinni ng and
strength ening o f exist ing buildings wi t
h clea r a
nc e c
o nd iti
ons r
eq uire d by the pil
e
sinking eq uipme nt.
The sui tabi li
ty condi tio
ns f
or v
a ri
ous kinds of unde rpinni ng by ca s
t一i n一s i
tu
pi
les
s
houl
d me
et
t
he
f
oll
owi
ng
r
equi
reme
nts;
1) Cast -in-s it
u s
crew piles
are
sui
table
f
or geol
ogical
co
ndit
ions
with
homoge-
neous cohesive
so i
l
and l
ow g
roundwa ter
le
vel;
2) Ca s
t 一in一s itu
subme rged
pil
es are
sui
table f
or fo
undati
on suc
h as
cohes
ive
soil
, muc k, muc ky
soil
and s
a ndy
soil;
3) Cast一i n一s i
tu pil
es with
ma n一ex cav
ated hole
s are
sui
table
for
geol
ogi
cal
condit
ions such as
above the
gr o
und wa t
er l
evel o
r with so
il
of l
ow permeabi
li
ty.
Whe
n t
he hole
wal
l c
annot
s
tand
ver
tic
al, a
ddit
ional
br
ickwor
k or
c
onc
ret
e l
ini
ng
s
hal
l
be
pr
ovided
to
preve
nt
t
he wa
ll
f
rom coll
apse.
2.
Ca st
一in-s i
tu under
pinning
beams
shal
l
be prov
ide
d a
t the p
ile
t
ops
to
s
up-
port
th
e col
umns a
nd wa l
ls
of
the bu
ild
ing
af
ter
the
comple
tion of
the
cas
t一in-si
tu
pil
es.
11.
2
. 5
Under
pinning
by root一pat
ter
n pi
les
1
. The
r
oot
-pa
tte
rn
p
ile
s ar
e s
uit
abl
e f
or
t
he
t
rea
tme
nt
of
f
ounda
tio
n s
oil
a
nd
str
e n
gt he
ning of f
oundati
ons s
uch a
s r
esti
tuti
on
and
incr
ease
of
s
t o
rey
number of
ex-
is
ting bui
ldings,
repair
ing
and maki
ng g
ood of
an
cie
nt bui
ldi
ngs,
underpa
ssi
ng of
un-
derground rail
road, bri
dge works a
s well a
s f
or rei
nfo
rci
ng t
he s
tabi
li
ty of
side
s
lop
es.
2
. Dur
ing
t
he
c
ons
truc
tion,
di
ff
ere
nt
bor
ing
bi
ts,
ang
les
of
i
ncl
ina
tio
n of
pi
le
.53 ・
h
ole
s and
hol
e pr
ote
cti
on
me
tho
ds
d
uri
ng
b
ori
ni
‘ma
y b
e u
sed
i
n
ac
cor
dan
ce
wi
th
t
h
requi
rements
o
f t
he
wor
ks
a
nd
t
he
s
tra
tiic
f a
tioic
ondi
ti
ons.
1n
cas wh
en
a
r
ant
一。a
tt
er
n n
il
e。。,,through
the
f
oot
ing
of
an
exi
sr,
m
布一
一
t
r
e
a
t
,
y
m
1
1
e
.
.
n
3
t
.
s
o
i
o
2
1
f
C
T
e
x
l
h
m
i
e
s
e
t
m
n
i
t
s
a
n
e
g
t
g
h
b
r
o
u
d
i
l
t
d
o
i
n
f
g
u
g
d
a{
n
s
i
.
d
s
e
r
u
一‘
SOIL,
u
p
i
t
i
a
n
b
n
l
i
e
n
a
b
n
g
f
o
b
r
y
l
e
i
n
g
f
i
r
l
o
t
‘
。
‘
III!
r
u
a
t
i
n
o
g
n
d
i
g
s
r
s
o
e
n
s
u
i
t
a
n
b
g
i
f
l
e
i
n
f
o
s
i
c
a
a
r
n
t
d
h
v
e
t
i
o
ana .
a
f
n
o
d
u
n
r
g
d
r
a
t
v
i
e
ol
n
-
joess.
gr
outi
ng
and
cleavage
grout
ing
i
n cohesi
vs
共井 7
1.3
.
54・
4
Al
ka
li
li
qu
id
me
tho
d
1
. Al
kal
i
li
qui
d me
thod
(
wit
h s
olut
ion
of
s
odi
um
hydr
oxi
de)
i
s s
uit
abl
e f
or
t
h
t
rea
tme
nt
o
f f
oun
dat
ion
o
f s
elf
-we
igh
t n
on
c
oll
aps
e l
oes
s u
nde
r e
xis
tin
g b
uil
di
ngs
.
2.
Dur i
ng t
he constructi
on, holes
of 50^-7
0 mm diamet e
r ar
e dug out by usi
n;
the
Luoyang s
poon or dr
ive n
by st
eel
pipe
down to the
predetermine d
d e
pt h
of
treat
ment;
fil
l s
mall
pebbl e
of grai
n si
ze 20一4 0mm into t
he hol e
up to the level
when
幼亏 the
bot
t o
m end
of
li
q uid
inject
ion
pipe
wi l
l
reac
h; inser
t t
he inje
cti
on pipe of
di
ame t
e
20mm into
the
hole and fi
ll
in s
ma ll
pebble
of
gra i
n s
ize 5^- 2
0mm around the pi
pr
wit
h a hei
ght
of a
bo ut 200^- 3
00mm, then f
il
l i
n p
lai
n earth by layers and t
amp i
dense.
The soluti
on i
n t
he
inj
ection ta
nk may b
e heat
ed by
vapour pi
ping
or by
fi
re
un
de
r the
tank bot
tom up
to t
he te
mpe ra
tur
e 80^-100'C.
The s
o l
uti
on fl
ows by it
sel
an
d inf
il
trat
e i
nto t
he
soi
l
surroun di
ng t
he
inj
ecti
on hole,
f
orming t
hus a
consol
idat
e(
c
olumn. The dosage
of
s
odium hydroxi
de
ma y
be about
3
/
0n
of t
he dry
we i
ght
of
th<
s
oil
mas
s c
ons
oli
dat
ed.
Th
e c
onc
ent
rat
ion
o
f t
he
l
iq
uid
ma
y b
e 1
00g/
1.
One row of i
njec
ti
on holes s
hall
be a r
ranged on
both
sides or al
ong the peri
me te
r
of
the f
oun dations, Hole
spac ings
c an
be determin
ed ac
cor ding to
the treatment re
.
qui
rements. Whe n
it
is
requir ed
that the consoli
dated
sail mas se
s should be joi
nec
to
ge t
her,
f ormi ng a
whole p
ie ce, t
he n
t he hole
spaci
ng
can be 0.
7-V0. 8m.
In
order to r
educe a
ddition al
subsi
de nce duri
ng con
struc ti
on, the soluti
on shal
be
inje
cted eve ry t
wo hole
s, t he i
njecti
on order
shal
l
be re
a sona bl
y arr
a nged a
nd t
he
c
ons
truc
tion
s
peed
s
hal
l
be
c
ont
rol
led
s
o a
s t
o pr
eve
nt
t
he
wet
ted
z
one
s f
rom
l
inki
ng
i
ntn
one
wl,
nl,二二
。,
11.
4
Strenet
heni
ne
of
foundat
ion:
11.
4.
1
Str
engt
heni
ng of
fo
undati
ons
i
s suit
abl
e f
or
st
rengthen
ing the f
ounds-
t
ions
of
an
exi
sti
ng
bui
ldi
ng wher
e t
he
bear
ing c
apac
ity
i
s
not
enough t
o support
the
bui
ldi
ng.
11
. 4.
2
Whe
n t
he
f
ound
ati
ons
ha
ve
c
racke
d or
ha
ve
b
een
d
ama
ged
by
c
aus
es
s
uch
a
s
me
cha
nic
al
a
cti
on,
u
neq
ual
se
tt
le
men
t
an
d f
ros
t
he
ave,
g
rou
ti
ng
me
tho
d ma
y
be
ad
opted t
o st
rengt
h en
them. Ceme
nt gr
o ut
or
e
poxy
resi
n can be
used
as
grout
.
During
the
const
r uct
ion,
h
oles
may be
bored
or
dri
ven
in the f
ounda
tion
s. The
di
amet
er of
the
hole
shall
be
great
er
th
an that
of
t
he i
nj
ecti
on pipe
by 2一3 mm. I
n-
j
ec
ti
on
p
ipe
s o
f
di
ame
ter
2
5mm
a
re
s
et
i
n
the
h
ole
s wi
th
h
ole
s
pac
ing
s 0
.
5一1
.
0m.
For
i
ndi
vidu
al
f
oot
ings,
no
t l
ess
t
han
t
wo
hol
es
s
hal
l
be
pr
ovi
ded
o
n e
ach
s
ide
t
her
e-
of.
The
pre
ssur
e f
or gr
outi
ng may
be
0.
2一0.
6
MPa.St
op gr
out
ing
whe
n the
in
jec
-
ti
on
pi
pe
has
been
li
fte
d'up
to
ta
'e
de
pth
ra
nge
of
1
.
0-1.
5m
bel
ow t
he
groun
d sur
-
升犷一一
气书之一
Cret
e
1 月 月 衬 w卜
。。几
‘
,亏、。
,。,
、二,
二二,
。inr
rea
se
t
he
n
u仇b
er
o
f s
tor
eys
o
f a
n e
xis
ti
n#
b
t
u
h
u
s
e
e
i
l
d
r
i
e
n
tq
o
g
u
i
n
o
r
c
e
m
rt
e
o
a
n
s
e
t
s
r
t
e
hi
n
e
g
d
e
t
m
e
h
f
e
b
on
e
r
m
d
t
h
a
e
e
t
d
io
f
d
n
u
e
p
o
n
t
r
d
h
a
s
t
o
i
r
o
f
e
n
t
h
s
g
e
t
h
f
o
e
u
r
,
e
t
n
h
od
e
f
a
n
,
t
i
a
o
p
n
it
d
s
u
s
t
n
o
h
d
e
t
e
hf
r
a
o
p
t
u
i
n
t
h
n
d
e
ia
n
y
t
g
i
c
o
a
m
n
s
eb
t
c
h
e
a
o
n
s
d
n
u
o
pm
t
p
a
o
m
y
r
e
t
b<
,
几二
ma
y b
e u
sed
t
o s
pee
d u
p
A 千‘。。‘_ “‘
二
t
he
c
o
__ ‘
。‘ .
ns
t
1_:
ru
cti
on.
___」 t _, - r
nnr
r。十
,ch
nnl
d be
e
xec
ute
d by
z
one
1
1.4
.5
Wh
en
t
he
l
oc
al
o
r
se
par
at
e
st
re
ngt
hen
ing
o
f
fo
und
ati
on
s
oi
l
an
d f
oun
da-
t
ions
cannot
sati
s f
y t
he requir
eme nts,
t
hen pad or
st
ri
p footi
ngs may be
connected
to
f
orm am onoli
thic mat
foun day
ion or
to
alt
e r
the
ori
ginal
mat foundati
on int
o a box
f
oundati
on. Structura
l connection members may als
o be p
rovided to
c o
nsti
t u
te a
c
o mpo
s i
te
str
uc ture
so
as t
o i
nc re
ase
the
structur
al
rigi
dity
and to
overcome the i
n-
f
lue
nce
o
f une
qual
s
ett
leme
nt.
57
A
ppe
ndi
x
1 -Es
sen
tia
l S
tip
ula
tio
ns
f
or
Lo
adi
ng
字i
tc
t o
f Co
mpo
sit
e Fo
unda
ti
on
拼耳
拼李
1-
3 :
Lo
than
ad
in
two
g
ti
m ay
m es
be
the
di
vid
reaul
ed
i
n
red
t
o 8-
design
12
val
gr
a
ue.
de
:
and
t
he
t
otal
l
oad
shoul
d be
not
s
f
m
r
o
h
a
e
l
n
o
l
t
h
w
4
e
b
.
o
F
f
a
d
n
or
s
b
e
u
a
y
t
l
i
d
e
h
l
t
a
m
k
c
n
l
i
e
o
f
d
na
g
r
d
t
e
a
v
b
Q
c
n
i
e
o
d
c
r
a
o
p
m
e
-
dc
l
挤e
g
m
a
o
s
f
,
r
t
p
e
s
h
r
v
a
e
n
t
r
h
d
s
y
s
o
e
o
-
t
u
h
l
,
o
i
a
;
e
r
f
m
a
d
t
h
v
i
e
n
g
l
i
l
'
t
p
h
o
r
i
s
a
e
l
u
d
s
o
p
r
f
.
e
i
o
n
t
c
W
r
h
s
i
e
v
t
h
a
l
e
u
o
y
n
a
r
d
,
t
e
i
h
n
w
x
e
d
t
g
,
t
认。,
.
h
h
i
c
n
p
o
r
h
l
a
d
t
e
i
(
:
s
-
e
l
,S
,
o
ad
而二
a:
.
‘
l
ie
n.;
:
.
n
ex
t
g
oc.
.
r
a
l.
d
e
ca
tbe
nec.
anul
tl
ied
when
the
.on n 7Sm r
n
i
ncr
ement
of
set
tlemen
5
:
Th
e
te
st
ma
y
be
t
er
min
at
ed
wh
en
o
ne
o
f
th
e
fo
ll
owi
ng
p
hen
ome
na
h
as
h
ap
F
e
re
d;
二、
e
c
a
tt
l
vr
n
en
ti
n
cr
e
as
e
s
a
br
l
ot
l
v
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
oi
l
sa
ue
e
se
d,
o
ut
or
cl
e
ar
cr
a
ck
:
a
p
pe
ar
a
r
z)
ou呻
the
he
lo
a
aceumul
d
at
i
ng
en
pl
ate;_
amount
r:
or
s
er emen ha
ri s be
en
a
lre
ady
gr
eat
er
t
han
10% o
t
he
mi
lt卜o
r di
ame
ter
of
t
he
l
oadi
ng
p
lat
e:
3
)
Th
e
t
ot
a
l
va
l
ue
o
f
a
pp
li
e
d
lo
ad
s
ha
s
be
en
mo
re
th
an
t
wo
t
i
mes
th
e
va
l
ue
r
e
q
a
u
n
i
d
r
e
rd
6
p
.
一
e
b
n
T
y
r
d
hd
e
e
t
h
s
u
e
i
n
gv
n
l
o
a
;
l
d
u
i
e
ns
g
o
m
f
ra
e
y
s
i
b
l
i
e
en
p
c
e
e
r
f
ao
f
r
t
e
m
r
ed
a
c
i
n
h
t
gh
r
a
e
d
e
g
o
r
f
a
u
d
n
el
s
o
o
a
d
f
it
n
h
g
e
u
s
na
t
m
i
l
e
t
hq
e
u
a
d
n
et
f
i
o
t
r
y
m
,
a
z
t
e
i
o
a
c
i
haE 南
b
eco
me
s
ta日e
:
7 T、‘子。,杯 1
。。病州 of
t
he
bas
ic
v
alu
e of
be
ari
ng
ca
pac
ity
of
t
he’
compos
ite
f
ounda
7、Whe
n t
her
e a
nne
ars
c
lea
r o
roo
nrt
iona
lli
mit
o
n t
he
Q-s
c
urv
e;
t
hen
t
he
l
oaf
rnr
resnondi
nv
t
o'surh
i
irooort
ional
l
imi
t may
be
t
aken
2)
Whe
n t
he
ul
tima
te
l
oad
c
an
be
de
ter
mine
d a
nd
i
ts
va
lue
i
s l
ess
t
han
1.
5
ti
mes
the l
o ad va lue
c orresponding t
o the prop ortiona l l
imit, the n half the va l
ue of
the ulti
-
ma te l
oa d ma y be ta
ke n;
3) De t
e r
mi na t
ion accord i
ng to r
e lative d ef ormation va lue;
(1) Comp os i
te
founda ti
on with vibr o-r e placeme nt piles (columns) an
d sand-
grave l
pile s (c
ol umns) .
For f ounda tion where coh esive
s oil is
p re va i
li
ng, the loa d cor responding to s/b
or s/d=0 .
0 2
ma y
be taken (wher e b and d a re t
he widt h or diame te r
of t
he loa ding
plate respe ctively) ; f
or f
ou nda t
ion whe r e
s ilty soi
l or s andy soil is prevai
ling, the
load corre spon ding to s/
b or s" d=0. 015 ma y be t
aken.
(2) For c
ompo sit
e f
ounda ti
on wi th e a
rt h compa ction pi les, the l
oad correspond -
ing to s/b or s/d=0. 010^- C. 015 ma y be take n; f
or compo s i
t e f
ounda ti
on wit h lime
一s o
il comp action pile
s, the l
o ad corre spondi ng t
o s/b or s /d=0. 008 may be take n.
(3) For c
ompo sit
e foun da= i
on wi th de ep mi x
ed piles or chur ning piles,
the load
correspo ndi ng to s/b or
s/ d二。. 004^0. 010 ma y be t
a ke n.
8. The numbe r of
test poi nts s
ha l
l be no t less t
ha n thr ee, whe n
their
e xtre me
d e
viations sati
s fies
the c
ond itio n t
ha t the y do not e
xc eed 30/ 0u of the ave r
age va lue,
then t
he ir average va l
ue ma y be ta
ken as t
he st andard va lue of the be ari
ng capa c
it y o
1
t
he
composi
te
f
oundat
ion.
5(
Appe
ndi
x 2
Expl
ana
tio
n o
f wor
ding
i
n t
his
s
tanda
rd
一1
赞or
d
er
t
o
t
r
e
uurm g
a
t
d
i
ff
e
r
rne
i
e
nt
’呼t
r
o
m pe
n
sac
cord
in
emenratr
wor
ds
g
on
de
t
o
t
or
not
he
i
tni
i
r
s
ng
th
ind
ivi
d u
al
'
cone,土h(
e di
ffe
r
c
ent
o
n
de
cr
d
i
e
t
i
e
o
s
ns
of
s
tri
ctne
ss
of
de
mands
ar
e;
e
xpl
ai
ned
as
f
oll
ows
(
1
)Wo
rds
d
eno
tin
g a
v
ery
s
tri
ct
or
ma
nda
tor
y r
equi
re
men
t
"mus
t"
:
i
s us
ed
f
or
af
fi
rmat
ion;
"
mus
t n
ot'
i
s
us
ed
f
or
n
ega
ti
on
(
2)Wor
ds
de
not
ing
a
st
ri
ct
r
equi
reme
nt
un
der
no
rma
l c
ondi
ti
on:
_
甲
(
3
)
"
sW
u
h
o
i
t
a
r
l
d
一一
"
h
n
u
i
o
s
e
t
c
i
d
u
e
ns
g
f
e
w
o
d
r
a
h
e
f
a
o
p
n
f
r
e
ci
n
r
m
o
e
n
g
i
s
a
d
t
i
i
o
n
;
.
s
o
f
a
l
s
l
o
iw
g
h
;
t
c
h
o
i
c
e
o
ra
n
i
ndi
rati
nn.
.nf
tl
,r 。 。、,
i
s
n
e
2
c
:
e
s
"
c
o
db
a
e
s
r
l
h
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Addi
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t,
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tic
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ts
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Provi
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tit
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lding Res
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Academy of
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of
the Miis
n try
of
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ways
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arc
h of
the Mini
str
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lurgy
Tongji
Univer
sit
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the
rn
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hao
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Uni
ver
sit
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Ma
in
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fti
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aff:
Zhang
Yo ngj
un Ping Yongc
hao
(The
fol
lowingna
ries
are
in
the
or
der
of
t
hei
r s
troke
s
of
Chi
nes
e char
act
ers)
Wang Jjwang Ye
Shul
in Zhu
Qingl
in Yang
Canwen
Yang Honggui La
o Yusheng Zhou
Gouj
un Tang
Yeqi
ng
Sheng Chongwe
n Pan Qiuyua
n
Tr
ansl
ate
d by:
Lu Qian
Reviser:
Zha
ng
Yon幻un
61
街 误 表
页 数 原 文 更 正
4 f
oundat
ion
of
mi
sce
lla
neous
f
il
l mi
scel
laneous
f
ill
5 日(℃ ) 0(
。)
12 s
il
t
and
t
he
a
nti
ci
pat
ed s
il
t
sa
nd
a
nd
t
he
a
nti
ci
pat
ed
20 s
oil
-a
ggr
ega
te
(
gra
vel
ly
s
oil
), gr
ave
lly
s
oil
20 S
oil
一agg
reg
ate
,
5a记y
s
oil
s gr
ave
ll
y s
oil
;
sa
ndy
s
oil
s,
e
tc.
20
Th
e c
ompa
cti
on
en
ergy
f
or
a The
c
omp
act
ion
e
ner
gy
o
f u
nit
s
ing
le
t
amp
ing
i
n area in