You are on page 1of 69

TRADE 

STANDARD 
OF
THE 
PEOPLE'
S REPUBLI
C OF 
CHI
NA

Te
chni
cal 

ode 

or 

reat
ment

f bui
ldi
ng' 
found
ati
ons

GJ 

9一91

Ed
it
ed 

y:Cl
-na 
Ac
ade
my 

f 
Bu
il
di
ng 
Re
sea
rch
Appr
oved 
by: 
Mini
st
y 
r of 
Con
str
uct
ion 
of 
P. 
R. 
Chi
na
Dat
e 
of 
Enf
orc
eme
nt; 
Se
pte
mbe
r 1
, 
19
92
娜。

STANDARD OF

THE 
PEOPLE'
SREPUBLIC OF 
CHINA

Tec
hni
cal 

ode 

or 

rea
tment

f b
uil
di
ng 

ounda
ti
ons
JGJ 
79一91

违傲他签心修救术,

c 
tj
Edi
te
d b
y: 
Chi
m Ac
ade
my 

f Bu
il
di
ng 
Re
sea
rch
App
rov
ed 
by: 
Mini
str
y of 
Cons
truc
ti
on 

f P. 
R. 
Chi
na

Da
te 

f En
for
ceme
nt- 
Se
pte
mbe
r 1
, 1
992

Bei
ji
ng 
1996
Prpfar

Thi
s 
bo
ok 

s 
th
e En
gli
sh 

ra
nsl
at
io
n o
f 
Tr
ade 

tan
dar
d o
f 
En
gin
eer

ng 
Const
ruc
ti
on i
n Chi
na. 
It 

s 
th
e o
ffi
ci
al 
tr
ans
lat
ion o
f t
he 
or
igi
nal 

Chi
nes
e f
or 
gen
eral 
us
e a
s' 

xami
ned 
and 
ap
prove
d by 
the 
Depa
rtment 

St
anda
rds 

nd 
Nor
ms,
Mini
str
y of 
Cons
truc
tion 
of 

he 
Pe
opl
e's 
Re
publ

of 
Chi
na.
In 

he 
eve
nt 
of 
an
y i
nco
nsis
tency 
betwe
en t
he Chine
se一langua


ext 
of 

he 
Code 
and 

he 
pres
ent Engl
is
h一l a
nguage 
text 
of 

he Stan
dar
d,t
he 
Chi
nese-l
anguge 

ext 
shal
l be 

aken,:r;l
ina-

De
partme
nt 
of 
Standa
rds 
and 
Nor
ms
Mi
nis
try 
of 
Cons
truct
ion 
of
the 
Pannl
P,二Rf
.nnhl
ir 
of 
Chi
na









































Rf


































tr








 
















 












o 











 











 







 








du


 









 












 










 






mn

 






 









 

  
 
 
  
1996

repr
oduced, 

tor
ed i
n E
ns;e
lec
troni
c, 
mech
ani
permi
ssi
on 
of 

he 
Min-
Mi
nis
try 

f Con
str
uct
ion 

f t
he 
Pe
opl
e's 
Re
publ
ic 
of 
Chi
na

No. 
JB(1992)116

Not
ic
e o
n Pr
omul
gat
ion 

f t
he 

rade 

tandar
d "Te
chni
cal 
Co
de 
fo

Tr
eat
ment 
of 
Bui
ldi
ng 
Founda
tio
ns"


甘组

hal
l 
or
gani
ze 

ts 

ii 
bl
ir
ati
on

March 
7,1992
几,。名”

A- a
rea of 
foun da
tion ba
se;
A.
- trea
t e
d area c
ar r
ied 
by 
one 
il
p e
AP
- cross-se
ctional a
rea 
of 
a 
pi
le;

- wi
dth 
of 

ounda
tion 
ba
se;
D,
- r
ela
tive 

ens
it
y of 

andy 

oil

, 」 ___‘__ 于‘ _:,卜 _k.c..


dia
met
er 
of 

qui
val
ent 

nfl
uenc
e c
ircl

__1- :一。 A 
---:.- _r 
. :I 
..*},*.}.


- vo
id 

ati
o (
por
osi
ty 

ati
o) 

几- sta
nda rd 
val
ue of 
bea
r i
ng c
apaci
ty 
of 

oundati
on;
f,
,,
- standard 
val
ue of 
beari
ng ca
paci
ty 
on 
unit
-cr
oss
-se
cti
on 
of pi
le 
bo
dy;
f,
,E standard 
val
ue o爹beari
ng c
apaci
ty 
of 

he so
il 
be
tween 
pi
les;
九,

- s
tan
dar
d v
alue 

f b
ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f c
omp
osi
te 

oun
dat
ion 

oil
s;
几- inde x of 
plasti
city;
l- le
ngt h of 
foundation base,pile 
le
ngth;
m— r a
tio of r
e p
lacement  f
or area;
p- pressur e 
on foundation base;
p.- pressure fr
om  soil 
own  weight 
on fo
undat
ion 
base;
qp- standa r
d value of bearing capaci
ty 
of 
the na
tur
a l 

ubs
oil 

t t
he 

nd 

pi
le;

.- s
ta
nda
rd 

alu
e 
of 

he 

ri
ct
io
n f
or
ce 

f 
th
e 
so
il 

rou
nd 
a 

il
e;
础- s
tan
dar
d va
lue 
of 

ert
ica
l be
ari
ng 

apa
cit
y o
f a 

ile;

- spac
ing of 
pil
es;
U— deg
ree of 
consol
id
ati
on;
w,- opti
mal water 
cont
ent;
z- t
hic
kne
ss 
of 

ushi

n unde
rnea
th 

he 

ounda
tion 
ba
se;
B--an
gle 
of 

res
sur
e s
pre
adi
ng;
4- c
oef
ic
f i
ent 
of 

ompa
cti
on;
Contents

Mai
n s
ymbols ・・・“・
・・・・・・・
・・
・・・“・
.・
, ・
勺・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・”・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・・・
・“・・
・・・
・・・
”・,
… ,
1. 
Genera
l ・ ・
・”・
・“・.・
, ・
・・・“・,
・・
・・
・・・・
・・
。・・・
・・・・・・
・・・・
・・・・
・・・・
・・
・・,
・・
・・・
・・
・・”・,
・,
・・・
・・
一 1
2. 
Basi
c 
requ
irements 
..
. ・・
,・・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・!
・・
・・・
・・・・・
・・
・・・
・・・・
・・
・.・・・
“・・・
・・
一 2

. 
Re
pla
ceme
nt-
fi
ll
in
g me
tho
d・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・…… ’
二4
3.1 
Gene
ral 

equi
reme
nts 
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
.. 

3.2 
Des
ign ・
・・・
・・・
・・……”・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
”・“・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・,
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・一 4
3.3 Cons
truct
ion ・
・・・
・・・
・・・
.・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・,・
・・・
・・・・
・・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・。・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・…… 7


. 
4 
Qua
li
ty 

est
ing 

nd 

xami
nat
io
n・・
”・”・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・……’
・‘
・・
…9
4. 
Pr
elo
adi
ng 
met
hod ・・・
・・・
・,・-
・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・・
“・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・一 11
4. 
1 Ge
ner
al 

equi
rements・..
..
..
..
・.・.
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
. .
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
. 11

.2 
Des
ign ・
・・・
・・・
.・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
,・・
・・・
・・‘
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・,・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・,・
・… 11
4.3 Const
ruct
ion ・
・・・
・,・
… ,・
,・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・,
・・,
・・・
,・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・,
・…… 17
4.4 
Quali
ty 

esti
ng an
d examinat
ion ..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
...
..
.‘
二‘二18
5.
伪namic 

ompact
ion meth
od  .
...
...
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
・一 20
5. 
1 
Gener
al 
re
quirements・.・・・
・・・
・、
・・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・…… 20
5.2 
Desi
gn ・
・・・
・・・
。・
・・・
・・・
・・・
,・
・。
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・…… 20
5.3 Const
ruct
ion ・
・・・
・・・
・・。・
・・・
・・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
。・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・…… 22

. 
4 
Qua
li
ty 

est
ing 

nd 
ex
ami
nat
ion ・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
。・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・…… 23
6. 
Vi
brof
lot
ati
on 
met
hod,
・・・
・・・
,・・
・・・
・・・
・・。
,・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・,
… … 25

. 1 
Gener
al 

equire
ments・・・
・・
・,
・・
、・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
-‘
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
,・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・…… 25

.2 Des
ign .
...
..
...
..
..
..
...
.・。4
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・…… 25
6.3 Const
ruc
tion ・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・‘・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・・
・‘… … 28

.4 Quali
ty 
test
ing 
and 
examina
tion ・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・一 3

7. 
Eart
h o
r l
ime-s
oil 
pi
le 
methor
l・ ・・
・・・
・・
・・
・,
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・,
・・・
……“… 3


. 
1 Genera
l r
equir
ements・・
-・
・・・
・・
・・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・・・・
・・
・”一 3


.2 Desi
gn・ ・・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・,
・・
・・
・・・
・・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・ ・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・.・・・・
・・
・’…
, 3


.3 
Cons
truc
tion ・
・,・
・・・
・・・
・……,
’・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・一 3


. 
4 
Qua
li
ty 


est
ing 

nd 

xami
nat
ion 

...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 3

S. 
Sa
nd-
gra
vel 

pi
le me
t h
od .
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. 


8. 
1 
Gener
al 
requi
rement
s・・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・・・
・・・
。・・ ・
・・・
・・,
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・… … 36

.2 
Desi
gn ...
...
...
...
...
...
・‘・
・..
...
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
. 3


.3 
Const
ruc
tion ・ ・・
・・・
・・・
・・・・・
・・。
・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・・.・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
・・・
…… 3 8
8. 
4 Qua
li
ty 
te
sti
ng 

nd examinat
ion・・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
,・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
…… 3


. 
Deep 
mi
xi
ng met
hod ・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・・
・・。
・・
・・・
・・
・・・
…… 4


一一

9.19.2 介

.。川sement
e・
Gener
al去
一住--
占-1
山一价- ・1・.
...
...
...
...
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
. 
. 41
neCi
bn ・
-一 ‘ ・‘・… 。
由。。
. .。,。
, 。。。
.。。
。。.
。。.
。。。护。
,。。
。。.。
。”.
. “。。
.”。。
,. 。
。,二 ,…
. ,
,. 4I

r,八分 月+.,,乃 于:六”

。d .
Ona
lit
v t
PCt
ina;
and 

xami
nat
ion
10.]10.110.5』

tnF
-T
inh 
nr
osc
u,二_

pt 
or
mit
inu 
met
hod


1 

:T
T 
n,
ln
rni
nni
no.

mvt
h。‘



















lc













em







 


am







 


.n


 

 
..

一 川

11

Gene
ral
' 
req
uir
em
e n
ts ’


.’二‘
・…”・・
・一.・..

..

, ’
, ・…,


’‘卿。 ・

・..

..
.. 
51


飞1


T}da
tni
nni
nr
z陆 ni
l,
二,,
・・
・・
・・
・・
・・
.-・
.,
… ”・.
・・・
・・
・.
月・
… ,
’・ .
・.,
,… … 5;

(.1

59
U nderpinni
ng 
by 
grouti
n g

Ctranorhani
na 
of 
fr
nindati
nr

乳 6( 左

pp
en
di
x 
1 
Es

en
ti


_s
ti


人 nna}rli.

at

on
s 

or 

oa

in
g,
・竿。COmDosltefoundatlor
f ?.lzxnlanati
nn nf: 
w nrdinn in this 
stanci
ara

^JJ:
‘:、.‘1 T了
rt}
1General

1. 
0. 
1 
Thi
s 
co
de 
has 
be
en 
worked, 
ou
t f
or 

he 
pur
pos
e o
f i
mplement
ing 
th
e t
ech


ica
l 
and 

cono
mic
al 

oli
ci
es 
of
, 

he c
ount
ry 
in 

esi
gn 
and 
cons
tru
ctio
n o
f f
ounda
ti
on


eat
men
t 
en
gne
ier
in
g 
so 
th
at 

he 

es
ig
n 
an
d 
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on 

an 

e 
te
ch
ni
ca
ll
y 
pr
gg
re
s-
si
ve, 

con
omi
cal
ly 

eas
ona
ble, 

eli
abl
e a
nd 

afe 
and 

nsur
e t
he 

ual
it
y of 

he 
wo
rks


. 
0. 
2 
Thi
s 
co
de 

ppl

es 

o t
he 

esi
gn 

nd 

ons
tru
cti
on 

f f
oun
dat
ion 

rea
tme
nt
wor
ks 
for 
ind
ust
ia
r l an
d ci
vi
li
an 
bui
lding
s (inc
ludi
ng 
st
ructure
s).
1. 

. 3 
In 
ad
dit
ion t
o s
ati
s行i
ng the 
requir
ements 

n the 
desi
gn 
of 
bui
ldi
ngs 

nd

tru
ctu
res, 

he 

rea
tment 
of 

ound
ati
ons 
sha
ll 

e c
arri
ed 
ou
t i
n t
he 

ight 
of 

he 
pri
n-

ipl
es 

uch 
as 
pr
ope
r f
it
ti
ng 
lo
cal 

ondi
ti
ons, 
us
e o
f l
oca
l 
mate
ria
l 
re
sour
ces, 
pr
ote
c-

ion 

f e
nvir
onment, 

aving 

n :
esourc
es, e
tc.
1. 

. 4 
Apar
t f
rom t
he i
mple
me nta
tion 
of 
thi
s c
ode, 

he 

reat
ment 

f bui
ldi
ng

oun
dat
ion 

hal
l 
al
so 

e i
n c
onf
ormi
ty初t
h r
ele
van
t s
tan
dar
ds 

ein
g n
ow 

n u
se 



he 
count r
y. 
The des
ign of 

oundat
ion 
soi
l and 
founda
tio
ns 
on 

reat
ed f
ounda
tion s
oil

hal
l be done 
in 
conf
ormity wi
th r
ela
ted provi
si
ons i
n t
he 
Nat
iona
l St
andar
d  "
Code

or 
De s
ign of 
Bui
ldi
ng Foundat
ions 
"GBJ 7-89 .

1.
2 
Ba
sic 
Re
qui
reme
nts


: 
0. 
1 
The 

oll
owi
ng 

asks 

hal
l 
he 

cco
mpl

she
d b
efo
re. 
se
lec
ti
ng 

lte
rna
tiv
es 

or

oundat
ion 

oil 

reat
ment:

; Co
ll
ect 

eta
il
ed 

ata 
an
d i
nf
orma
ti
on 

n e
ngi
nee
ri
ng 

eol
ogy; 
h州z
oge
olo
gy

nd 

esi
gn 
of 
fo
und
ati
on 
soi
l 
ari
d f
oundat
ions;
2. 
Det
er而ne 

he 
aim 
of 
founda
tion 
soil
, s
cope 
of 

rea
tme
nt 
as 
we
ll 
as 

he 

ech

ni
cal 
and 
ec
onomi
cal 

ndi
ces 

o he 
reached 
af
ter 
the 

reat
ment

. To 
kno
w t
he 

xpe
rie
nce 

nd 

ons
truc
ti
on 

ond
iti
ons 
of
一fo
und
ati
on 

oil 

reat

噢i
n 
th
e 


gi

n 

s州a

w orx s 份x


or r

en

e 

nd



rn e 

e 





f 




un
dat

on 

oi
l 

re
at
me
sam e xina on si

t 
in
m ilar 
sires 
in ocner

二 .2
va
lue 
of 
bear
ing 
capaci
ty 
of 

he 
foundati
on 
deter
mined 
by 
this 
Code i
n t
he 
cal
culat
ion
of 
ar
ea 
and 
depth 
of 
embedment 
of 
founda
tio
n bas
e i
n a
cco
rdance 
with t
he 
bear
ing 
ca-
pa
cit
y of 

he 
foundati
on, 
the
n t
he corr
ect
ion 
coef
fi
ci
ent 
of 
foundat
ion 
bear
ing 
capaci


y c
an 

e t
ake
n a
s z
ero 

or 

he 

oun
dat
io
n wi
dt
h, 

nd 

hat 

or 

he 

oun
dat
io
n e
mbe
d-
ment 
de
pth 

hal
l 
be 

ake
n a
s 1
:。

. 
0. 
5 
Te
chn
ic
al 

ers
onn
el 

eal

ng 
wi

h f
oun
dat

on 

re
atme
nt 

hal
l 
ha
ve 

rop
er
knowl
edge o
f t
he a
im of 
fou
ndati
on t
rea
tment 
whic
h they 
undert
ake 
for 

he wor
ks,
pri
nci
ple
s of 
str
engthe
ning, 
te
chnic
al, 

equi
reme
nts a
nd standar
ds 
for 
qual
it
y c
on-

rol
. 
Th
ere 

hal
l 
be 

omi
na
te
d 
pe
rs
ons

'r
esp
ons

ble 

or 

ual

ty 

ont
rol 
an
d mo
nit
ori
ng

uri
ng 

ons
truc
tio
n; 
an
d f
or 
ke
epi
ng 

ons
tru
cti
on 

ogb
ook. 
Whe
n unus
ual 

vent
s o
c-

ur, 

hey 
mu
st 
pro
per
ly 

olve 

hem 
to
get
her 
wi
th r
el
evant 

nst
it
uti
ons.
2.0.
‘Ther
e s
hal
l 
be 

erso
ns 
or 

epa
rtmen
t s
peci
al
ly 

espons
ibl
e 
for 

ual

ty 

o-

erv
is
io
n d
uri
ng 

ons
tr
uct

on. 
'Te
st
in
g a
nd 

cc
ept
anc
e o
f 
th
e q
ual

ty 

f t
he 
wo
rks

hal
l 
be 

arr
ied 

ut 

n a
ccor
dan
ce 
wi
th 

ele
vant 

tipul
ati
ons 

f t
he 

ount
ry 
up
on 

he

omp
let
ion 

f t
he 

ons
truc
tion 
wor
k.

. 
0. 
7 
Set
tle
ment 
obs
erva
tion 

hal
l 
be 

arr
ied 
out 
dur
ing 

ons
truc
tion 

or 
bui
ld-

ngs 
wi
th 
tre
ate
d f
ounda
ti
on, 
an
d i
t 
is 
al
so 
nec
essa
ry 
to 
kee
p o
n c
arr
yin
g out 

ett
le

men
t o
bse
rvat
io
n dur
ing 
pe
ri
od 
of 

heir 
us
e f
or 
impor
tan
t b
uil
di
ngs 
or 
for 
bu
il
din
gs
whe
re 

ett
leme
nt 

s s
tri
ctl
y r
est
ric
ted.
3Re
plac
eme
nt一f
ill
ing 
met
hod

3: 
; 
Gene
ral 

equi
rement



































1 











































,W







 











 















 









er






 







 











 







 
















 






 















 







7 

mpl

_



 










 













 









` 





 
 
 
 
e 

 
 

1 


na
d 

1 
a 






wi






















s 


u‘

di

g 
o. 
L.




un
da

io
n, 


efor 

n坦少色
aesi
pr

n 
gn 


s1 



of 


, 
s 



oui
lr
ling 

ounaat
ions 七D
J 1一 。,snar
l De

3.1
. 
2 
The 
de
sign 

f r
epl
aceme
nt-f
il
li
ng 

ushi
on, 

he 

ele
cti
on 
of 
mat
eri
al
s f
or

epl
ac
eme n
t- 
fil

ing, 
and 
the 
co
n s
tr
uct

o n 
met
hodof 

ampi
ng 
shal
l 
be 
ca
rri
ed 
out 



he 
ba
sis 
of 
co
morehe
hsi
v.a
p  
nal
vsi
s 
of 

a,r
nma}
,Iha
} s 
bui

din
g s
bape;
st
ruc
tur
al 
ch
at
--


, 
t"




: 
is


aul

r 

, 
ll
na

tr

e 
ty 

f 


ol.



s; 


ol
og


Vcai 

‘一
“d
it

on

nubtri
, 

al





一“o
na

'p

一’,
an
d“
・“
“,
3.2 
Des
ign
3.2. 
1 
The 
cushi
on 

hickness 
z 
shal
l be 
det
ermi
ned 
based 
on 
the 
beari
ng 
capac
ity

of 

nde
rlyi
ng 

oil 

trat
um 
and 

hal
l 
co
mpl
y wi
th 

he 

equi
remen
t of 

he 

otl
wing 

or-
mu
la.

z+p
.落f
: (s. 
2.1一 1)
w卜Pro 户,
- 
-a
ddi
ti
ona
l; 
pre
ssu
re 
at 

he 
bot
tom f
ace 
of 

he 
cushi
on;
i。
f二
-一pr
ess
ure 

rom 
the 

wn we
igh
t 
ofsoil
s at 

he 
bot
tom 
face 
of 

he 
cush-

f=
一一b
ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f t
he 

oun
dat
ion 

oil 

tra
tum 

t t
he 

ott
om 

ace 



hi
?ro
 
ahi
nn

少c

1 

1 
hi



n 
:. 


h9


n e. 
呼粉h
o吧b
value 
e州pg, 
o i.

re



t 


r 

ha
he 

tile aqt
n' 
ott
3m
om f
ileiulia
ceof 
al  t
he 
cushi
pressure on 
can 
be
3.2.1一3) 

espe
cti
vel
y;

alc
ula
ted 

n 
a 

si
mpl
if

ed 
wa
y b
y f
ormu
las(3. 
2.1一2) 
and 

For 

tri
n f
ounda
tio
ns
b(p一PO
D=二 (3.2.1一 2)
b-E
-2zt
gB
.连 ・
Fo
r r
ect
angul
ar 

oun
dat
ions:
况(
P-PO (
3.2.1一3)
P:
一(b
+2z
tg8
) 
(1
+2z
tgB

whe
re 
b— widt
h of 
the 
bot
tom 

ace 
of 

ecta
ngular 
or 
stri
p f
oundat
ions;
l- l
ength o
f t
he 
bot
tom 
fa
ce 
of 
re
ctang
ular f
oundat
ions;
p- pressureat t
he 
foundat
ion 
bot
tom face;
人- pr essuref
rom t
he own wei
ght o
f s
o i
ls 
at 

he 

oun
dat
ion 

ott
om 

ace

hickness 
of 

he  onbeneat
cushi h t
he 

oundat
ion 
bot
tom 
face;

二angle 
of 
pr
ess
ure 

pre
adi
ngi
n t
he 

ushi
on, 
whi
ch 

an 
be 

dopt
ed 

c-

ordi
ng 

o Tab
le 

: 2. 
1.

Angl
e 
of 
pr
ess
ure 

pre
adi
ng 
8(
0C) Tabl
e 3. 
2. 

Medi
um sand, 
coarse

卜7












d 







is







r 

Cohesi
ve 
soi
ls

and, g
ravell
y  s
and, and Li
me

ounde
d gravel, 

ngu- s
ilt soi


ar 
gra
vel, 

obble,br

o (
8<和<1
4)
ken 
stone

0. 
25 20 6
30
> 0. 
} 50 30 23

No
te:
(!
) Whe
n z
/b<0
. 
25,
0=3
00 

s 
ta
ken 

or 

ime 

oil 

nd 
B=0
0 i
s 
ta
ken 

or 

ll
ot
her 
mat
eri
als;
②The value of 
9 may 
be obtain
ed by i
nte
r p
olat
ion 
when 0
. 2
5<z /6<0. 
50
3. 
2. 
2 
The 
cushion width 
shall 
me e
t th
e requi
rements 
of 
pre
ssure 
spread
ing 
at

he f
oundat
ion 

ott
om  face, 
and may be c
alc
ulated 
accor
ding 

o t
he f
oll
owing f
ormu-

a or 
ac
cor
ding 

o l
oc al 
experi
ences:
b' 
>b+2
} zt
g8  (3.2. 
2 

where 
6'
- wi
dth 
of 

ushi
on 
base;
B— a
ngl
e of 

res
sur
e s
pre
adi
ng 

n t
he 

ushi
on, 
whi
ch 
may 
be 

ake
n f
rom
Ta
ble 

. 
2. 
1; 
wh
en 

/b<0
:25,
it 

ake
s t
he 

alu
e a
s g
ive
n f
or 

/b=0
. 
25

n Tabl
e 3. 
2. 
1.

The 
wi
dth 

f a 
who
le一l
aye
r c
ushi
on 
may 

e r
eas
ona
bly 
wi
dene
d a
ccor
ding 



onst
ruc
tion 

equi
rement
s.
The 
top 
sur
face 
of 
a cus
hion; 

hould 
be 
enl
arg
ed 
by 
not l
ess 
than 300 mm beyond

he 
bott
om edge
s of 

he foundati
on, or 

ide 
sl
opes 

hould 
be pr
o vide
d upward fr
om

he 
two si
des 
of 
the 
cushion bot
tom sur
fac
e i
n a
cco
rdance 
with loca
l expe
rience 
of
.5 .



















t2






3 










hs





 





 







 



ot
 







 









 


Be










 



 





, 



 








 
















 






 


ih


 



 





 

ng 








 





 

3 
ca









 



 

pa
 




 




 










 



  
y 
of 

ari
ous 
ki
nds 
of
,cu
sbi
ons Tabl
e 3. 
2. 

St
andard val

Con
str
uct
ion_
_ mat
eri
al 
used' 

or c
oef
fici
ent 
of 
com- u
e o
f b
ear
ing
Me
tho
d e
nt 

nd 

il
li
ng p
ac
ti
on凡 _ pr
ess
ure 人

kPa

Br
oke
n s
ton
e,c
obbl
e 200^-
300


rav
el
ly 

and 
wh
ere 

rok
en
st
one 
and 
cobbl
e -
amount 


200^-250
Si
t~ 。u为 of 
tne. 
tot
at
we
ight

rav
ei
ly 

oil 
wh
ere 

rok
en

omp
act

on

y r
ol
le
r 
or 
b s
y 
,to
ne
映co

b卜a
mo
un
t 

o 0:9
4-v0: 
97
150 -
200

it
ro-
ta
mpi
ng Weig:u
me
dium 
sand, 

oar
se 

and

ra
ve
ll
y 
sa
nd

oh
es

ve 

oi

,s
il

y 
so

l 
(8
< 130^ 180
加<1
4)
0:93^-0:95' 200^-
250


me-
so
il

omp
ac
ti
on
by 一dyna
mics
oil 

r 
li
me-
soi
l 。.93^-
0:95 150^ 200
ta
mping

Not
e:'
①Fo
r c
ushi
ons 
wi
th 

mal
l c
oef
fi
cie
nt 
of 

ompa
cti
on, 

he 
st
anda
rd 
val
ue 


be
ari
ng 

apac
ity 

ake
s the 

ow 
val
ue;



然}

t 


ro





















ey























.m




 






 






 







 




of 










 




 





 

br





 












 









 
xl






 





 








 

oke








 





 








 

n 




 
 


 
 
one' 
oz 
co
bbl
e 
may 

ake 

he 

alue 
of 

. 
p.

..
2. 

t/m'







st

s 
a 

. 

4 



k 
or 


bd

窦忿g 
s 


f 
tr




up


r, 




hc
e 
e 


ar 



uu






io


n 
go
s 
f 

tn


e 
ef
r 



hn
e 

ac




oh
n 


dn 


of

默ts




rl



ls
o 
be 

erf
or
med
. 
Fo
r 
cu
shi
ons
. 
hi
ghe
r 
th
an 

he 

ev
el 

f 
th
e o
ri
gi
na
l 
gr
oun
d s
urf
ac

or 

ushi
ons 

n whi
ch 

he 
de
nsi
ty 
of 

he 
ma
ter
ial 

or 

epl
ace
ment 
and 

il
li
ng 

s g
rea
ter

han 
tha
t o
f t
he 
nat
ura
l 
soi
l 
st
rat
um, 
the 

epl
ace
ment a
nd f
il
li
ng 
sh
ould 
be 

xec
uted

s e
arl
y a
s pr
act
ic
abl
e a
nd 
the 

nfl
uen
ce 
of 

ts 
supe
rimpos
ed l
oad 
upo
n t
he 
bui
ld
ing

nd 

dja
cent 
bui
ldi
ngs 

hal
l 
be 

ake
n i
nto 

cco
unt

3. 
2. 
5 The 
mat
eri
als 

or 

ushi
ons 

an 
be 

hos
en 

s f
oll
ows.

. 
Sa
nd 

nd 

rav
el
. 
Th
ey 

hal
l 

e 
we
ll 
gr
ad
ed, 
co
nta
in
ing 

o 
re
mai
ns 

f 
pl
an
ts,

ubb
is
h a
nd 

the
r 
imp
uri

ie
s. 
Wh
en 

il
ty 

and 

s 
us
ed, 

5/
0u
}30
肠br
oke
n s
ton
e o


rave
l s
hal
l 
be 
mi
xed 

her
ein. 
The 
maxi
mum 
gr
ain 

ize 

houl
d be 
no
t gr
eat
er 

han 


mm. 
For 

oll
aps
ibl
e l
oes
s f
ound
ati
on, 

o p
ermea
ble 
mat
eri
als 

uch 

s s
ans, 
gr
ave
t,
et
c. 
shal
l be 

hosen.

. 
Pl
ai
n e
art
h. 
Th
e c
ont
ent 

f o
rga
nic 

ubs
tan
ce 

hal
l 
no
t e
xce
ed 

写in 

he

arth, 
and no f
roze
n ear
th 
or expans
ive
; 
soi
l s
hall 
be c
ontai
ned t
her
ein. When broken

tone 
containes 
the
rein, 
it
s grai
n si
ze 
shoul
d be not 
gre
ater 
than 
50 
mm.  Cushions 
of
pl
ain 
eart
h  whi
ch are 
used f
or fo
undat
ion of 
colla
psi
ble l
oess 
sha
ll not 
contai
n any
br
ick, 

ile 
and 

tone 
bl
ocks:
3. Lime一s oi
l. 
The mixture 
rati
o by vol
ume shoul
d be 2:8 
or 3: 
7. The  s
oi;

hould b
e cohesi
ve 
soil 
or 

ilt 
whos e讨a s
tici
ty 

ndex is 
more 
than 4, 
containing n


oose 
and sof
t s
ubsta
nce. 
The soi
l 
s ha
ll 
be si
eve
d and i
ts 
grai
ns s
hall 
be not gre
ater

han 

5 mm. 
Fr
esh 

lak
ed 


me. 
wi
th 

rai
ns 

ot 

rea
ter 

han 
5 
mm 

houl
d 
be 

sed 



rep
are 


me-s
oi
l.
4. 

ndustri
al 
was
te 
sl
ag. 

t sha
ll 
be 
fi
rm a
nd har
d, wi
th st
abl
e pr
opert
ies 
and 
n(

orr
osi
ve ac
tion. 

ts 
maxi
mum grai
n si
ze 
and 
mixtur
e r
ati
o shoul
d be 
de
termined 
b!
tests.

3. 
2. 
6 
Fo
r c
ushi
ons 
of 

arge
r q
uant
it
y, 

iel
d t
est
s s
hal
l 
be 
pe
rfor
med 

cco
rdi
ng

o 
th
e s
el
ec
ted 
ma
ter
ia
l 
fo
r 
re
pla
ceme
nt 

nd 


ll
in
g o
r 
the 

oil 
co
ndi
ti
ons 

f 
th
e s
it
e 
se
as 

o de
ter
mine 

he 
ef
fec
t o
f c
omp
act
ion.
3. 
2. 
7 
The 
fi
eld 

est 
by 
tampi
ng 
wit
h he
avy hamme
r shall 

ete
rmine t
he mini
mum number 

f t
ampi
ng 
cour
ses, 

he 
ave
rage 
se
ttle
ment 
due t
o t
he 
las
t t
wo cour
s e
of 

amp
ing, 

he 

ffe
cti
ve 
dept
h o
f c
ompa
cti
on, 

tc. 
The 

ffec
tive 
dept
h o
f c
om

act
io
n o
f t
ampi
ng 
wi
th 

eav
y h
amme
r ma
y u
sua
ll
y r
eac
h a
bou
t 1 
m, 

nd 

he 

og

",};
h;ht
o of 
s.
al 

av}r 
of 
1 
n.
-:
:i 
S.
m t
hickness 
can 
be 
el
imi
nat
ed 
thereby.

l '
Z f 
n nstrnrtint

3. 
3. 
1 
Machi
nes 
for 
cus
hion 
co
nstr
ucti
on 
shal
l 
be 
sel
ect
ed 
acco
rding 
to 
di
ff
eren
ma
trri
a !
二,,
grl 
fo
r r
enla
rement 
and 
fi
ll
ing
. Smoot
h whee
l r
oll
er 
or s
heepf
oot 
rol
le
落簇少一



ic
kn

ss
, 
i 

ep


ne 

in
gon 

he 

compact


ons

ons


uc


d 


ona

f 
l 

ma
ch
nl




nt 

s 


ana 

al
l 


hP二

e 


。;

nt

t}


nnai


le
d 



- -i,

o e
nsr
‘_,.

e t


e 

:}



_

h*
,.。

ompa
cti
on 
by-

ave
rs






np 

e 

.e


8.



Wh




rs


n 




el


e 



' 


 










s 
of 
pl
ai
n 
ea
rt
h 
an
ones 

d 
li
me
af

一s


erwar

l 

s 

xec

ds. 


ed 


卜。叮

y s

。ni


ti

ni



ntcel
,allh} 
to;naa

n 泞、 11,1,、食
3. 
4 
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing 

nd 

xami
nat
ion

f 

he 
de
pt
h 

f 

ac
h 

ou
rs
e.
4 
Pr
elo
润ing 
met
hods


. 1 
Ge
ner
al 

equi
reme
nts
4. 

. 
1 
Pr
elo
adi
ng 
met
hods 

re 
di
vid
re
d i
nto 

wo 
ki
nds, 

. 
e. 

he 

tat
ic 
and 

acuum

rel
oad
ing 
meth
ods; 

hey 
ar
e s
uit
able 

or 
tr
eat
ing 

oun
dat
ion 

f s
atu
rat
ed 

ohe
siv


oil
s 
suc
h a
s mu
cky 
so
il, 
mu
ck a
nd hy
dra
uli
c 
fi
ll


. 
1. 
2 
Fo
r t
he 

oun
dat
io
n t
o b
e t
rea
ted 

y p
rel
oad
ing 
me
tho
d t
he 

ist
ri
but

on
and 
vari
ati
on 
of 

oil 
st
rata 
bot
h i
n t
he 
hori
zont
al 
and 

he 
vert
ical 
di
rect
ions, 

he 

oca-

ion of 
the 
pervi
ous l
ayer 
and condit
ions 
of i
ts 
wa t
er 
source 
supply shall 
be asc
e r


ame d 
by i
nvesti
gati
on a
nd explo
rati
on in 
advanc
e. The 
rela
tio
ns betwe e
n the 
coeffi


ient o
f co
nsoli
dati
on, 
void 
rati
o and conso
lid
ati
on pre
ssure o
f the s
oils, the 
shear

trength 
by t
ria
xialte
st 
and 
in一, it
u vane 
shear 
st
rengt
h, et
c. 
shall 
be 
de t
ermined by
soi
l t
ests.
4.1
.3 
For 
wor
ks 

f i
mpor
tan
ce, 
pr
eloa
ding 

est 

hal
l 
be 

arr
ied 
out 

n ad
vanc


n t
he 

elect
ed 

est 
zone 
on 
the 

ite, 
wit
h t
he 
obser
vat
ion 
of 
vert
ical 
def
ormat
ion,
la
teral 
displac
eme nt, 
voi d 
wate
r pres
s ure and other 
ite
ms and with 
the in-s itu 
vane
te
st performed. 
The  t
reatment 
eefe
ct of the foundati
on will 
be 
analysed on the basi

of 
the informati
on obtained 
in 
the te
s t 
zone  and will 
be 
compa red 
wi th the 
pr ee
sti

mated va l
ues 
of 
the on硕na l 
desi
gn with necessar y 
cor
rect
ion o
f the 
design whi ch 
wil

work as guide
li
ne s 
for t
he desi
gn a
nd  construction o
n the 
whole si
te.
4. 1. 
4 For buil
dings where t
he  se
t tl
eme nt is 
the p
r e
vail
ing requireme nt, 
the

oads 

hal
l not 

e r
ele
ased 
unt
il 


he 
de
for
mat
ion 
va
lue 
of 

he 

ounda
tion 

emove
d by

rel
oad
ing 

as 

ati
sf
ied 

he 
de
sig
n r
equ
ire
men
ts 

nd 

he 

ver
age 

egr
ee 

f c
ons
oli
da-

ion 
of 

he 

oad
ed 

oil 

aye
rs 
ha
s r
eac
hed 
mor
e t
han 
80写.For 
bui
ldi
ngs 
whe
re 

he

ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f t
he 

oun
dat

on 

r t
he 

tab
il
it
y a
gai
nst 

li
di
ng 

s 
th
e p
rev
ail

ng 

e-

uire
me nt, 
the 

oads 
shal
l 
not 
be 
rele
ased 
unti
l 
the i
ncre
ase
d st
rengt
h of 

he 

oun
ds-

ion 
soi
l af
ter 
pr
eloa
ding 
has 

a t
isf
ied 
the 
des
ign r
equir
ements

4. 
2 
Des
ign
I. 
St at
ic 
preloading  me thod
4. 
2. 
1 The des i
gn  of foundati
on tr
eatment by st
ati
c pr
elo
ad i
ng method 
shall 
be
done i
n the 
fol
lowi ng st eps;
1. Sel
ect 
ve rt
ical dr a
ina ge 
measures 
suc
h  as 
sandpi
le d
rai
ns or 
pla
s t
icsdr
ainage

t r
ips and determi ne  their  di
ameter, s
pacing, plan l
ayout and depth;vertical
・ 11 .
dr
aina
ge 
me
ans m
ay 

ot 
be 
pr
ov

de
d 

f 

he 
th

ckn
es
s 

f 

of
t 

oi
l 


ye
r 

s 

ot 


rge 
or








羚hc





















en


















hn



 










 







e 

 

pi











 







 

lr




 












 




f.





 





 


t 





, 
 

e 





 





 
ap





 







 



ai










  


三拼















be















gu


 




' 





 







es

 















 
.a



 









 

sp

 





 




 





 o
  
 

he 






e 






a 



g 






ounde

e 
f 


of 
e 




d 


un



by 







he 

h 



xt

f 
n 






rna

e 


l 


l 


e 

雌e






































da
3 






















le







 








 








 
sg


 


















 




^n





 










 




m 



 r








 














 




ma

 







 











 

td




 








 





 s







 




  
 
 
The 
com-
ha
ving 
70
age 
str
ips

2(
h+8)
Du导a (
4.2.3)

二w










hn














tf



















rc
 



 







 





sl






 







 
. 
  
whe
re几 t
he 
equiva
lent 
conve
rted 
di
ameter 
of 
pl
asti
cs 
drai
nagestrip;
a一 一c
oeff
ici
ent 
of c
onvers
ion; 
it
s va
lue=0 . 
75一 1. 
0Q 
may taken 
b e  when

42. 
4 
Eq
uil
at
era
l 
tr
ia
ngl
e o
r s
qua
re 

rra
nge
men
t ma
y h
e a
dop
ted 

or 

he 

lan

ayo
ut d, 
of 

he 
eff
ect
ive
dr
ai 。
钟嗯d
nage r
ai

pl
es半r

吵n 
cynnaer b

tw

of e
n 

he 

one i

me
te

sano 
orai
npue 
and 
the 
spaci
ng 
s betw een s
and 

rai
npi
les 

s' 


akena
be 
t c
cor
ding 

o t
he 

oll
owi
ng 

equi
reme
nt:
Fore
qui
lat
era
l t
ria
ngl
e l
ayout d,
二 1.05s
.12 ・
For 

qua
re 

ayout  d,
=1. 

3s;

. 
2. 
3 
The 

pac
ing 

ewe
en 

and 

rai
npi
le
s ma
y b
e d
ete
rmi
ned 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he

ons
oli
dat
ion 

har
act
eri
st
ics 
of 

he 

ounda
ti
on 

oil 
an
d t
he 
de
gre
e of 

ons
oli
dat
ion 



e r
ea
che
d wi

hin 

he 

red
et
er
min
ed 

eri
od 

f 
ti
me. 
Th
e s
pac
in
g b
etwe
en 

ommo


and 

rai
npi
le
s c
an 

e d
ete
rmi
ned 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he 

rai
npi
le一d
iame
ter 

ati
o 
n 
(n=
,  whe


. re di  t
s  he di
ame t
er of 
sand dramp i
le). The spa ci
ng b et we en c
ommon
sa
nd drainpil
es may be  c
hosen ac
c o
rding t
o n=6一8  where as t
he s pa c i
ng between
sa
nd wicks or 
plasti
cs drai
nage st
ips 
r ma y 
be chosen according to 
n二1 5^-29.
4. 
2. b The dept
h  of 
a s
and drai
npile 
shal
l be det
e rmined  in 
accor da nce 
wi t
h the
re
quire
me nts f
or the sta
bil
ity 
and defo
r mati
on of 
the founda ti
on.
For wo rks 
c o
ntrolled 
by t
he s
tabil
ity 
agai
ns t 
sli
ding of 
the  f
ound at i
o n, t
he depth
of 
sa
nd dr ai
npil
e shall 
exceed 
the 
mos t da
ngerous plane of s
liding a
t  lea st 
by 2m.
Fo
r b
uil
din
gs 

ont
rol

ed 

y s
ett
leme
nt, 

he 

and 

rai
npi

es 

hou
ld 

un 

hro
ugh

he 

oil 

tra
tum 

o be 

ompr
ess
ed 

f 
it
s t
hic
kne
ss 

s 
not 

arge; 

or 
de
ep 

nd 

hic
k s
oil

tr
atum 

o 
be 

omp
res
sed, 

he 

ept
h 
of 

and 

rai
npi
le 

hal
l 
be 

ete
rmi
ned 

y t
he 

al-

e of 
def
ormati
on 
which i
s 
to 
be e
li
minated 
wit
hin 
the prescr
ibed 
pre
loadi
ng per
iod.

f t
he des
ign 
dept
h cannot 
be 
reache
d under 
the 
condit
ions of 
const
ructi
on pl
ant,

hen met
hods 
such 
as 
surch
arg
e pre
loadi
ng,et
e. ma
y be adopted 
to 
meet t
he 
requir
e-
ment
s of 
the 
works:


. 
2. 
7 
Und
er 

he c
ond
it
ion 

f s
in
ge一g r
ade 
or 
mul
ti
一grade 

oadi
ng 
wi
th u
ni-

orm 
spe
ed, 

he 
av
era
ge 
degr
ee 

f c
onso
li
dat
io
n o
f t
he 

ound
ati
on 
cor
res
pon
din
g t


he 

ota
l 
lo
ad 

t t
ime 
t 

an 

e c
alc
ulat
ed 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he 

oll
owi
ng 

ormul
a;



一买q
_i 
,o
Y' 

-[

T;
-T

_,

一管一
’(

"i 
-e

-0 
1 (4.2.7)

W her
e U,- t
he 
aver
age 
de
gree 
of 
cons
oli
dati
on 
of 
the 

ound
ati
on 

t t
ime 
t;
q; lo
adi
ng s
pee
d i
n t
he i
th 
grad
e of 

oad;
艺AP
一th
e 
ac
cu
mul
at

ve 

al
ue 

f 

oa
ds。
,al
l 

ra
de
s,
Ti
-,,
Ti- t
he 

tar
t a
nd 

he 

ini
sh 

ime 

or 

he 

oadi
ng 
of 

he 

th 

rad
e of

oad 

esp
ect

vel
y (
cou
nti
ng 

rom 

he 

ero 

oint
). 
T; 
is 

epl
ace

by t 
when 
the 
degree 
of 
consol
ida
ti
on 
at 

ime 
t i
n t
he 
pr
oce
ss 
of
loa
ding 
fo
r the 
it
h gr
ade 
of loa

a,
P— p
ara
me t
ers, 

o be 
adopte
d ac
c or
ding 
to 
Ta
ble 
4. 

. 7

. 13 ,
Val
nuc 
of"
.".
and 自 Tabl
e 4: 
2.7

n by Consoli
dat
ion


0 










lr











e  
Co
nso
li
dat
io
ver
tical 
and i
nt - wi
er th  sa
nd
Consol
ida-




so





rai
npi
le
s n
ot

ion 
by n- n
i a
l r
adi
al 
dr
ai
nage
(wi
th s
and 
dra
in- runni
ng

erna
l & 

a-
di
al p
il
es  r
unn
igst
n h

oi
ou
沙' 
l str
at
th

um

hro
ugh 
the 
soi

dr
ainag
e s
tra
tum 
to 
b om- t
e' 
c o be c
om-
Para
met
er \ p
res
sed
) pr
ess
ed
一 护 -一 - 一- 一~ ~ - ,- 一

井 - 8 1 8 8。
甲 苏砚
“ r2 r2 万

2一F


d6
2厂8

,不下 8
Cy
夕 R
2Cv F
, 

d,2


奋 t内‘J

C,.
- Coe
ffi
ci
ent 

f c
ons
ol
id
at
io
n 
by 

er
ti
ca
l 
dr
ai
na
ge;
八- r入dff*;
}。十w c
nns
nli
dat
ion 
by 
hor
izont
al 
dr
aina
ttc
Fl-  f
l诬et
anre 
of 
vert
ical 
dr
ainage 
of 

he 
soi
l st
ratum H i
; n们 睡 half 
of 
the



ic

ne

tni
s 
of 
th
e’
。’

s‘
二,
um
,f

r 
do
ub

一wa
y 


rkness 自t仁匕e Sol


na

tst

, 

nd 
H‘
・t


ratum f
or 
one一 w av 
aram aae:

自、 H,
、 一开 + H 。

H 一 一d
ept
h of 

and 
dr
ainpi
le: -
Hz
— t
he 

hic
kne
ss 

f t
he 

oil 

tra
tum 

o b
e c
o呻r
ess
ed 

elo
w s
and 

rai
n-
n;
lPC,


.=去 Vn
)-3t<2一 n;2

;} l
1Ta1
. }} 

nar
lnf 

nt/
(`




o 






4- 

e 

. 

f 
8 


。,









r 

f 
Fs









d 

rw

 





 




s 
et

h 



r 



 


pl

. 










ls








 



se







 


) 
 







d 



lw
s 




e 
h 


 h








n 
lg
 


e 

r 





n 














‘卜。。。。“。。.nnr





t 
. 

 


mf 





n 

r 






nark 

s used 

n t
he 
const
ruct
ion, 
the' 
inf
luence 
of 
smeari
n;
nf w ell 
rrcistanc a





st
ur
ba
nc
e 
sh
al
l 
。 ;Pa*;





o 

} 
e 


ar,


si


l 






. 
Af


< ,
r 

he 


fl
ue

rbanre 

esdegree 
have 
been of 

ons
consioli
dat
io
dered; 
the 
averae


,f 

1} 

nn}
la
tinn 
wi
th 

and 

rai
nni
les 
whi
ch 

s c
alc
ula
te i.arrnrdancewi
d  th 
Claus


. 

: 
7 
of 
th

s 
co
de 
sh
al
l 

e 
mu

ti
pl

ed 
by 
a 


du
ct

on 

oe

fi

ie

, 卜。二, Val
ue 
is 
usu

.ii- ts卜e} ,公 (、 只n-- 0 qS


.2.
,ur

der 
pr
ec
omp
re
ss
in
g 
lo
ad
s, 

he 

he
ar 

tr
en
gt
h 
at 
a 

er
ta
in 

oi
nt 

n 
th

oundat
ion o
f nor
mally 
con
soli
dat
e d 
an
d sa
tur
ated 
co
hes
ive 
so
il 
at 
any t
ime 
ca
n be

alcu
lat
ed by 
the 
fol
lowi
ng f
ormula;
rf,
=rl 

rf
a-
E△r z
<) (4.2.9一1)
Ar k=AOiv,
tg
%u  (4.
2.9
一2)
wh
ere 
r- t
he 

hea
r s
tre
ngt
h a
t 
that 

oint 

n t
he 

oil 

t mo
men
t t


fo
- nat
ur a
l s
hear s
trength i
n t
he 
foundati
on 
soil

Qrk- s
t r
ength 
incre
me nt a
t t
hat 
point 
in 
the 
soi
l due 
to 
cons
olida
tion;
△‘— a ddit
iona
l vert
ical 
pre
ssure 
cause
d by 
precompres
sing 
loads 
at t
hat
poi
nt;

U,- degr
ee 
of 

onsol
idati
on 
of 

he 
so
il 
at 

hat 
point;

1,- angle 
of 

nte
rnal f
ri
cti
on 
of 

he s
oil 
de
termined 
by 

ons
oli
dat
ed一
undr
ame
d t
riaxi
a- 

est
I- r
educti
on 
c oe
ffi
ci
e nt 

or 

trengt
h  a
tte
nuati
on i
n t
he s
oil 
mas
s ca
used 
by

hear c
reep, 
its 
range 
may 
be t
a ken 
from 
0.75 t
o 0. 
90, 
a 
lower 
val
ue

s t
aken f
or l
arge she
ar 

tress 
and a 
highe
r val
ue i
s ta
ken 
on the 

on-
trary.
4. 
2. 
10 
The 

ina
l v
ert
ica
l d
efor
mat
ion 
of 

he 

ound
ati
on 
unde
r pr
ecompr
ess
ing

oad
s c
an 

e c
alc
ula
ted 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he 

oll
owi
ng 

ormu
la;



一:艺

" h




v; 1t eM
; (
4. 
2.10)

wher
e s
f- f
inal 
ve
rti
cal 
de
for
mat
ion;
d 






e rati
o c
orr
espond
ing t
o the 
pre
ssur
e due t
o t
he own 
weight 
of 
the

oil 
at 
the mi
d一p oi
nt of 
the i
th s
oil 
str
atum, d
etermi
ned fr
om the

urve 
showing 
the 
rel
ati
on of 
the 
voi
d rat
io a 
obtai
ned 
by 
laborat
ory

ons
oli
dat
ion 

est 

o c
ons
oli
dat
ion 

res
sur
e p 

i,e, 

he 
e一p 

urv
e)

n- v
oid 

ati
o c
orr
esp
ond
ing 

o t
he 

um 

f t
he 

ver
bur
den 
pr
ess
ure 

nd

upe
rimp
ose
d pr
ess
ure 

f t
he 

oil 

t t
he 
mid一poi
nt 
of 

he 

th 

oil

tratum, d
ete
rmine
d fr
om the 

urve 
showing t
he r
elat
ion o
f the 

oid

atio a 

btai
ned 
by 
lab
orat
ory 
cons
oli
dat
ion t
est 
to 
consol
idat
ion 
pre
s-
sure 
p;

hi
-  t
hic
kness 
of 

he 

th 
soi
l 
st
rat
um;
E— e
mpiri
cal 
coeffi
ci
ents =1. 
1 -1. 4 
for 
nor
mall
y c
onsol
idat
e d 
and s
li
ght-

y ov
erconsol
idated 
founda
t i
on of c
ohesi
ve 
soi
l, g
rea
ter value 
will 
be

aken 
whe n t
he load
s are 
consi
d e
rably 
la
rge 
and 
the 
foundation 
soi
l i

weak, 
ot
her
wise 
smal
ler 
val
ue 
of 
} 
wil
l be 

aken.

n t
he 
de
for
mat
ion 

alc
ulat
ion, 

he 

ept
h at 
whi
ch 

he 
ra
tio 
of 

uper
impo
sed
・15 ・

re
ss
ur
e t
o 
ov
er
bur
de
n 
pr
es
su
re 

s 
0. 
1 
ma
y 
be 

ak
en 

s 

imi
t 

f 
de
pt
h 
fo
r 
th
e 
st

atu


o' 
be 

ompr
es
se
d.
bl
anke

: 
t 
2. 
11 
mus
Fo
t 
r 
be 



ai

don  t

ea

me
nt 
of 
fo

nd
at

on 
by 
pr

lo

di
ng 
me

ho
d, 
a 

ra

na
ge 
sa
nd
mln 咖may

the 
earth 
surface 
whose 
tni
cxness 
snouia 
be 
greater 
than 
.rvv


nd 

n whi
ch 

he 
mud 

on-


ng 

on





















e 










s 







o 
zon e:






 


e 
 











 













 




a 
 











 










 





 







 




 







 





 








 






 s






 


 
e 


 
  
e 
dr
ai
ned 
wa
ter 

rom 

he 

oun
dat
io
n b
eyo
nd 

he 

rel

f 




l 




n 

e 
be 


pr
ng


e 

ov






de

s 

r 


d 




n 
n 


n 


mm
. 

he 


pr

m'


oad

4.

. 
12 

he 


nd 

or
' 

he 

an
d 
dr
ai
np

lsshould 
e be 
medi
um 
and 

oar
se 

and
whose
mu
d 
co
nt
en
t 
sh
al
l 

e 
le
ss 

ha
n 
3%.
1 Va
cuum 
pre
loa
ding 
met
hod

: 
2. 
13 
Sa
nd 

rai
npi

es 

f 
pl
as
ti
cs 
dr
ai
nag
e s
tr
ip
s mu
st 

e p
rov
ide
d' 

or 

oun
ds-

井 1右 .
wit
h a
bundant 
water 
suppl
ying s
ourc
e in 
the a
rea t
o be 
tr
eat
ed, 
ef
fec
tive 
me
asur
es
sha
ll 
be 
ta
ken t
o c
ut off 

he 
a i
r 
permeabl
e lay
er a
nd the 
pe
rvi
ous 

ayer

4. 
3 
Const
ruct
ion
(I)St
ati
c p
rel
oad
ing 
met
hod
屯3
. 
1 
Th
e q
uan
tit
y o
f s
and 

o b
e f
il
le
d i
nto 
a 

and 
dr
ain
pil
e 
sh
all 

e c
alc
ula
ted

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he 
vo
lume 
of 

he 
ho
le 

nd 

he 
dr
y de
nsi
ty 

f s
and 

n me
dium 
dens


tat
e. 
Th
e a
ctu
al 

uan
tit
y o
f 
sa
nd 


lli
ng 

hal
l 
be 

ot 

ess 

han 

5% 
o 

f t
he 

alc
ula
ted
val
ue.

Dry 
sand 
shoul
d be 
use
d f
or 
fil
li
ng 
sand s
acks a
nd shall 
be 
fi
ll
ed 
dense 

the 
sand

acks 
pl
ace
d in 
the 
hole 

hall 
at 

east 
be 
higher 
tha
n the ope
n to
p of 

he hol
e by 
200
mm 
so 
as 

o be 
buri
ed 

n t
he 
sand 
bl
anket

4. 
3. 
2 
The 

nner 
di
amete
r of 

he 
st
eel 

ube 
used 

n t
he 
const
ruct
ion 
of 
sand
wicks s
hould 
be sl
ight l
y large 
than that 
of 
s a
nd  wi
c k i
n ord er t
o  r
educ e dis
turbance
of 
the f
oundati
on soil 
during constru
c t
ion.
In t
he e
xecuti
on  of s
an d wic
ks or pla
stic
s drainage st
r ips,t he deviati
on of 
pi l

spaci
ng i
n pl
an sha
ll be not gr
eater 
than th
e pil
e dia
me ter, 
t he deviation i
n vert
icali
ty
should 
be l
ess 
than 1. 
5%.  Th e l
ength of 
those 
sand sacks or plastic
s  d
r a
inage st
rips
brought 
upward af
t er 
the tube has 
be e
n pulle
d out should not exc ee
d  500 mm.
4. 
3. 
3 Th
e p
las
ti
cs 

rai
nag
e s
tri
ps 

hal
l 
ha
ve 

ood 

erme
abi
li
ty, 

uff
ic
ien
t we


ens
il
e st
rength 
and 
bending 
capaci
ty.
When pla
sti
cs 
drai
nag e 
st
rip
s nee
d to 
be 
le
ngthene
d, fl
at 
lappe
d spl
ici
ng of 
th


nne
r c
ore 
plate 
of 

he f
ilt
e r 
membrane 
shal
l 
be 
adopt
ed, t
he l
apped 
lengt
h shoul
d b


rea
ter 

han 

00mm.
4. 
3. 
4 
Fo
r wor
ks 

ubj
ect
ed 

o s
tat
ic 
pr
elo
adi
ng, 

he 

oads 

hal
l 
be 

ppl
ied 
gr
adu-

ll
y 
an
d i
n a 

rad
e b
y g
rad
e wa
y 
ac
cor
din
g t
o d
esi
gn 

equ
ire
men
ts. 

n t
he 

roc
ess 



oadi
ng, observ
a t
ions for 
it
ems  s
uc h a
s verti
cal 
de for
mat i
on, di
splac e
me nt 
of 
sid


iles 
and 
void 
wa te
r pressur
e sha l
l be c
arrie
d out 
e veryday. 
The loading spe
ed s
hall

e stri
ctl
y c
ontrol
led based 
on o bservat
ion data; 
the dail
y ver
tic
al deformati
on s
hall

ot excee
d lOmm  a
nd  t
he dai
ly horizontal 
disp
lace
me nt 
of s
ide 
pil
e s 
shall 
not 
excee

4m m .

(1 ?Vac
uum  prel
oadi
n g 
method
4. 
3. 
5 
Jet 
vacuum pumps s
ho uld 
be use
d a
s ai
r 
ext
rac
ting 
equi
pment 
for 
va
cuum
pr
eloading, 
thei
r ins
tal
lat
ion 
and  a
rrangement 
shal
l 
be 
deter
mined a
ccor
ding 

o the
area 
to 
be prel
oaded, 

he ef
fic
ien
cy of v
acu
um  pumps a
nd c
onstr
ucti
on expe
rie
nce,
but 
two v
ac uum pumps 
sha
ll 
be i
nst
a l
led 
at 
le
ast i
n t
he 
zone 
to 
be pr
eloa
ded.
17
A,N 
Tho n
nnp
}tr
n。二,
n v
acu
um 
ni
nel
ine 

hal
l 
be 

tri
ctl
y s
eal
ed 

o av
oid 

api

,_,
,, ,击。‘。n而 山爪 t
hd 
mprnbr
anppf
ter 

he 
E)
umDs have


en 


op
pe


::一
The ho
ri
zo
nta
l 
dis
tr
ibut
io
n fi
lt
er 
pi
pes 
maytake 
st
r i
p一 . 
rnm n 
- : 
or leatner 一


h}
'r
in
Ari

,一)f
or
m a
rr
an
geme
nt. 
Th
e f

lt
ernines 

re 
gene
ral
ly 

aid 

n s
and

井二
_
拭____‘_





tl
oa

in
g 

on

}RA} ‘
。c
ar


y 
and 
io
nt


l 
J通:Fn.;

l k、,


。‘

t 


e 




nnl

e 


ake 


n 





o 

+补 。



oi


t 

二‘
l 

f 






一4. 
an
twnr
爪,,、




e 





4. 
kc 




o 

t 

samnle



s 

Oual

s 
es 
fi




he 


。l

n 



or 






m:
v 
test
nt

rt






t 


abor 


nl
d 

r 

ati



ng 

d 
pl

or
v 
and 
bvs
ac



s 

est

exami
abi
f 




ep

ng, 
nat
y 



so 



on
ai
ns
nt
at

tnat
:.
t 

sl

ve 



di
ng, 
nat

 e. 
st
. 
ur

aoi

hol
e 

it
y 

of 

ill
、。。 y
;a. 
o.a:
o.l 
.,.
I rhp 
aff}rt 
nffnnni
lati
nn treatm ent 
cal


und
at

on 

ga
in
st 


id
in









r 
: 

l 



. 


2 

p 



 






e 
g] 






d 





es

s 






 





oe







. 
n 

g 









e 

bm
e 








oe
n 




 




id 


s 





e 
et
d 



 






t 
n 

e 






f 
io



g 






ht

e 




n 



ae





d 
n 


di



f 
g 






ve





,一
“m
e 

eFF.


h 

or

es
po


e}t: .


( 
g 
de

or
ma

io
n 

ha

l 

e 

al

ul

te
d 

n」


r}a}tn,.” 十 ,,


yi
r 

o a
nal
yse 


i nrnvtnp haciq 
tnr 
determ ining tne unlU6ulw r卞ime_

r 
d 
z7 

, i
hp 

rppt 

pnt 
of 

ni
r nr

ati
nn 
by 
va
cuum 
nr
eloa
dini
;, 

n a
ddi
ti
o t
o 0b

vacuur value


rv
at


- l

s 

f 

he 
fo

nd
or thn 



io
n 

ef

rma

io
n 

nd 
vo

hranr.
.and"

atdl
ttprent 
depths 
wat
of s
er 
and 
nressur
drai
noil
e;

es 
he 
shal
l also 
b 们 le a



re

. 

he
・・

一‘u

s 

ha

l 

ee
t 


e 

es




.reaui
rem ent;
4. 
4. 
4 
Vane 
shea
r te
s t
s a
nd l
abor
ato
ry s
oil 

est
ing 
sha
ll be 

arri
ed out 
for 
the

ounda
t i
on 

fter 

ts 
pr
eloadi
ng t
rea
tment 

n or
der 
to 
exa
mine 
the 
ef
fec
t of 
tre
atment.

. 19
S 
Dyna
mic 

ompa
cti
on 
met
hod

5,
1 Ge
ner
al 

equi
reme
nts

















, 


i1






1 














pa





 
 

 

r 

d 




 



























lo


















on 
 







 








 






wi






 




 









 


ah








 







g 

 


h 



 







 






 





 
no




 





 








pl


 












 








 


 
 

 
ment
ls Or


o 
be 

ar
ri
ed 

ut 

y b
ack一f

ll
in
g t
he 

amp
ed 

oll
ows
wi

h p
ebb
le,
br
oke
n s
to
ne ot
her 

oar
se一g
rai
ned 
ma
ter
ial







g 
















熟t
d 

















































 




 


n 











s 

 



. 



 






 


e 



















 
f 









 






 






 









 








 




 








 






 

 
 

5.2 
Des
ign
5: 
2. 
1 
The 
dept
h o
f 
ef
fec
ti
vest
reng
the
ning 
of 

he 
methodof 
dynamic 
compa
cti
on
lb
shal e 
dete
rmin
ed by 
te
nta
tiet
v ampi
ng on 
the 

ite 

f byloc
a l 
expe
rie
nce; 
When
there i
s l
ack 
of 

est 
da
ta 

r expe
rien
ce, 

his 
de
pth 
c bee
an  sti
mat
ed 
ac
cor
ding 


Ta
ble 

: 
2. 

De
pth 

f 
ef
fe
ct
iv
e 
st
re
ngt
hen
ing 

y d
yna
mic 
co
mpa
cti
on Tal
be 
5; 
2. 


omp
ac

吧e
a 
si

er

沙・
ngie 
zam 即 1
i9
Soi
l-a
ggr
egat
e, s
il
ty 

oil
,co
hesi
ve 

oil,

andy 

oil

' c
oll
aps
ibl
e 

;o
ess,
et
c.

k1
`1
: 
m)
5.0
-6.
0 4.0- 5. 


000
别。
。 6.0- 7.0 5.
。一6。

。。
。--
-一 7.0- 8.0 ‘卜 7.

4000 8.0^ 9.0 7.0- 乐 0
9.0- 9.5 ..0-8
8 一8
..5

〔旧。

000 9.5一10.0 8.
5一9
.0

Not
e : 
The
介c

ve 


pt
h 

f 


re

gt
he

in
g 

y 

yn


from roe plane 01 i
c 



e01





ti

n 

ha

l 

e 
Pacti

ou

te

o n 
scar .


・2. 
2 
T、
he 

omp
act
io
n e
ner
gy 

or 
a 

ing
le 

amp
ing 

n d
yna
mic 

omp
act
io
n s
hal

・2
0。
be dete
rmined 
by consi
der
ing compre
hensi
vel
y t
he sor
t o
f foundat i
on soi
l, 
type 
of
st
ru c
ture, 
magni
tude of 

oad and t
he r
equi
red 
dept
h of 
tre
atme nt and by tent
ati
ve
ta
mpi ng on 
the 
sit
e. 
Genera
lly, 

t t
ray 
be 1
000^-30
00 kN. 
m/ mz for co
a rs
e grai
ned

oil
,an
d 1
500
-40
00k
N. 
m/
mz 

or 

ine
-gr
ai
ned 

oil

5. 
2 . 3 
The  n
umbe r of 
tampings 
a t 
a t
a mping point shall 
be deter
mi ned 
by the
curve s
howi ng  t
he rel
ati
on betwe e
n the 
numbe r of 
tampi ngs 
and  s
ettl
eme nt 
due to
tamping  whic
h  has 
been obtai
ned in 
the 
tent a
t i
ve ta
mpi ng on the si
te; 

n  t
he 
me an-
ti
me it 
s hall 
sati
sfy 
the fol
lowing c
ondit
ions,
1. The  average se
ttle
me nt 
due to tampi ng for the last 
two  t
ampi ngs 
is not
great
er t han 
5 0mm, and not 
greater 
than 100mm  f
or large c
ompa cti
on energy 
for a

ing
le 

amp
ing;

. 
Ther
e sha
ll 
be 
no e
xc e
ssi
vely 
lar
ge 
hea
ving 
of 
the g
round 

urfac
e a
round 
the

amped 

oll
ow;

. 
The 
tamped 
holl
ow shoul
d not 
be 
so 
de
ep a
s t
o make t
he 
ho
ist
ing 
of 
the 
ha
m-
mer 
di
ffi
cul
t.
5. 
2. 
4 The 
number of 
times 
of c
ompa ction 
shall 
be 
det
ermined a
c c
o r
ding t
o t
he
propert
ies 
of 
the 
foundat
ion 
soi
l,general
ly,2-3  t
imes may 
be 
adopted,foll
owe d 
by 

fi
nal c
ompa ct
ion 
with l
ow ener
gy over t
he  whole 
surfa
ce. 
For fin
e grai
ne d 
soil 
wi
th
we ak 
perme a
bil
it
y, the 
numb e
r' 
of ti
me s of co
mp acti
on 
ma y be appropria
tel
y i
n-

rea
sed 

f 
nec
essar
y .
5. 
2. 
5 
Ther
e shall 

e a 

ert
ain 

ime 

nte
rva
l b
etwe
en 

wo 

our
ses 
of 

ompa
cti
on,
The t
ime 
inter
val 

epe
nds 
on 
the 
ti
me of 
dis
sipat
ion 
of t
he exc
ess 
voi
d wat
er p
res-
sur
e i
n s
oil. 
When 
in 

ack 
of 
meas
ured 
data,i
t may b
e dete
r mi
ned 
acc
ordi
ng t
o the
pe
rmea
bil
it
y o
f t
he 

ound
ati
on 

oil
,and 

t 
sha
ll 
be 
no
t l
ess 

han 

-4 
wee
ks 

or 

oun

da t
ion 
of  cohesive 
soil 
wi t
h l
ow  per
me abili
ty; 
continuous  tamping may  be ta
ken  for
foundation  wit
h good permeabi li
ty.
5. 
2. 6 The positi
ons of 
tam i ng paints 
can  be arranged i
n  equilat
eral 
tri
a ngl
e,
isoscel
es  t
riangle 
or square 
lay out. 
The s p
acing betwe e
n tamping  points 
in t
he  fi
rst
course of c ompacti
on  may be  5一9 m, the spa c
ing  between subs equent c
our ses of
compa ction  may 
be the same as that 
in t
he firs
t cour se 
or ma y 
be  suit
ably 
reduc ed
For wor ks wi t
h greater 
depth of tr
eatment or requi
r ing l
arger c
ompa cti
on energy for
a  s
ingle  t
ampi ng, the spac
ing  between  t
ampi ng p oints shal
l b e appropri
ately in-


re
as
ed
5.
.? 
2. The 

rea 

f d
ynami
c犷r
eat
ment 

hal
l 
be 
gr
eat
er 

han 

hat 
of 

he 
bui
ldi
ng

ound
ati
ons. 
The 
wi dt
h by 
whi
ch 
eac
h si
de e
xceed 
bey
ond t
he 
oute
r edge
s of 

he

ound
ati
ons 
shoul
d be 1/
2^-
2/3 
of 

he d
esi
gn de
pth 
of 
tr
eat
ment 
and 
shoul
d be 

ot
. 2t .


ss 

a 


w 
n 
3m

:一__ r

,・汤一a 
rz.
.tesi 
program me 
or. 
aynam i
c  on i
com pacti s wor
ked  n ac
out 
i cor
dance

he 
exec
u-








n 


oa

f 



e 


e 
d 
pr







 



ta









e 

i-









 

pt






l 




in
 

. 

d 


s 
pe









r 
re




e 


nc



f 




ny

d 








 

n 




 



f 



am


e 





e 
et

 





n 


if



 

r out 

or 

he
compac
tion




















pn
















mh


 






 




 





fo

 






 



 






 
ne

 





 







ue






 







. 
 t



 





 



te







 




se

 





 








dm


 




 







 

ol



 






 




hc


 











 

o 
   5. 
3 
Const
ruct
ion.


































vl

















pr
 
 

f 




 
eh



 







. 


















ovi




















 



it



 







 









 




a 


 





 





 





 





oa
 












 







 



re

















 




 







 


2d








 


 
 
 
ded on 
300m m

 
 
he 

ott
om 
fac
e of 

he 
ha
mmer; 

he 
di
amet
er 
of 
hol
e ma
y be 

50一


岌厂
pi




pe

av








ne

n 

e 

s 
y 
me
f 

ca


us

ha



‘.3. 





l 
s 
mi
5 
d 


be 

c 
Whe
de





l 

omp
n 
ri


me

e 








he 

nt








n 

br
l 


ed 
o 


nf

be
s 


for
t 

ons 

ue
e 
o 

pr
nc
e 




he 

co
e 


duc
on 


mme

s 

d 
dja

nc

d 


me

ma
by 



t 


he 
nt 
of 
s 

exe
bu
il
dyna
due 


di

o 


ng


mi


s 
ccompact
he 
exe-

nof_
dyna
orequi
mi
pme
ion: 

c 

and

omp
nt, 
pr
ev




nt

on

ve










. 





. 

6 
s 





s:
e 





st 




ib





n 
ti

n 
f 



r 

ma



ic




oe

s 

f 


r 



io


n 
ra




n 
on 

e 

sc






ri


d 
n 





t 

l 


be 



e 
ak

 



no


in

22 .
1. 
Clear 
up and lev
el t
he 
const
ruct
ion s
it
e;
2. 
Mar k 
out th
e positi
ons 
of 

he t
amping point
s o
f t
he 
fi
rst 

ourse 
and 
ma ke 

ev-

li
ng s
u r
v e
ying of 
the si
te.
3. 
The crane c
o mes in
to 
posi
ti
on so 
that t
he t
amping 
hamme r 

ies 
in 
al
ignment
wi
th 

he 

amp
ing 

oint

4. 
Mea sure 
the l
evel 
(alt
it
ude) of 
the 
hammer to
p bef
ore c
ompa ct
ion; hois
t the

amping hamme r u
p to pr
edeter
mi ned 
hei
ght; 

owe r 

he ho
ist
ing h
oo k; and measure

he l
evel(a
ltit
ude) of 
the 
top of 
the 
hammer aft
er 
the 
hammer has 
left 
the hook 
a nd

all
en f
reel
y. If 
it 
is 
found t
hat 
the hammer l
ie
s as
kew due 
to 
the 
slant
ing bottom of

he 
ho
llo
w, 

he 
bot
tom 
sha
ll 

e t
ime
ly 

eve
led.
6. 
Repeat 

tep 5a 
nd complete 

he c
omp act
ion at 
one t
amping point 

ccordi
ng 
to

he 
numbe r 
of 
ti
me s 
of 
compa ct宝
on 
and 
control 
cri
teri
a s
pecifi
ed 
by the 
desi
gn.
7. 
Repeat 

teps 3一6  unti
l 
the 
compact
ion 
of all 
the 
tamping 
points 

n the 
fi
rst


our
s e 
has 
been 
completed;
8. 
Level 

he t
ampe d 
hol l
ows wi
th 
a 
bulldoz
e r 
and make t
he l
eveli
ng s
urveyi
ng 
of

he 
si
te;
9. 
Afte
r a 
specifi
ed t
ime 
inte
rval, 
complete 
course by course 
al
l 
the 
courses 
of

ompacti
on ac
cording to 
the 
above menti
o ne
d steps, and procee
d fi
nal
ly wit
h the

ompacti
on on t
he  whole 
si
te wit
h l
ow  compacti
on ene r
gy  t
o have 
the 
superfi
cia


oos
ened so
il 
densely c
ompact
e d 
and make le
veli
ng surveying of 
the 
si
te 
afte
r com-
pact
ion.

5. 
3. 
7 Per
sons shal
l be assi
gne d 
to 
be responsi
ble f
or t
he f
oll
owing 
monit
ori
ng

nd 
measurement
s in t
he process of 
exec
ut i
on of 
dyna mi
c c
ompacti
on,

. The weig
ht o f 
the hamme r 
and the 
fall 
height 
shal
l be 
chec
ked 
bef
ore t
he

ommencement 
of 
comp action 
tc: 
ensure 
that 
the co
mpa ct
ion e
nergy 
of 
a 
si
ngl
e t
amp-

ng 
co
mpl i
es 
with 
the design r
equi r
ements;

. 
Ch
eck 

he 

ett
ing 

ut 

f t
he 

amp
ing 

oin
ts 

efo
re 

ach 

our
se 

f c
ompa
cti
on,

xami
ne the 
posi
ti
ons of 
tamped 
holl
ows 
af
ter 

amping, 
and 
the 
devi
ati
ons 
or 
the 
on-

ompact
ed poi
nts 
thus f
ound s
hall 
be 
ti
mel
y c
orre
cted.

. 
Che ck 
up 
the t
imes of 
tampi
ng a
nd 
the 
set
tl
ement c
ause
d by e
ach 
tamping 
at

ver
y t
ampi
ng poi
nt 
in 
acc
ordam_a 
with t
he desi
gn r
equir
eme nts.
5. 
3. 
8 
Det
aile
d r
eco
rds o
f the 
va
rious par
ameters 
and t
he const
ruc
tion 

ituat
ions
shal
l be 
kept

5. 
4 
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing 

nd 
exami
nat
ion
5. 
4. 
1 
Exami
ne 
the 

est 
and 
measurement 
dat
a and 
const
ruct
ion 
records 

n t
he
23

roc
ess 

f 
d y
nami
c c
ompac
ton

54 . 
2 The 
qu
ali
ty 

f 
the 

oun
dat
io
ncan 
onl
y be 

xami
ned 

fter 
a 

ert
ain 

ime 

n-

三寸一
24
‘ V iha
-nflM afinn 
,r
ro*i,


. 
1 
Ge
ner
al 

equi
reme
nts
‘.1. 
1 Vibrofl
otati
on  meth
ods are 
c l
assi
fi
ed a
s vi
brof
lot
ation 
repl ac
ement  and、
brofl
otati
on compa ct
ion ones. 
The vibrofl
otat
ion 
repla
cement method  i
s suitable f

tre
atin
g  f
oundation of 
co hesi
ve toi
l which t
he undrai
ned 
shea r 
st
r ength is not le

than 20kPa, silt, 
saturated l
oess and  ea
rth fi
ll
. The vibrofl
otation compa cti

method i
s sui
table 
for t
rea t
ing 
foundati
o n 
of 
sandy 
soil
s 
and si
lt. 
Vibr ofl
otation con
pact
ion method without 
a ddi
ng fi
lli
ng materi
al 
can 
only 
be s
uitabl
e for tr
eating foul

ati
on 

f c
oar
se 

nd 
me
diu
m s
and
s wi
th 

ohe
siv
e g
rai
n c
ont
ent 

ess 

han 

000

‘.1. 
2 
For 

arge i
mport
ant 
wor
ks 
or 
for 
works 
wit
h co
mpli
cat
ed 
sit
e condi
ti
ons

est
s sha
ll 
be 
ca
rrie
d out 
on 
si
te 
of 
re
pre
s e
nta
tive 
ch
arac
ter 
be
fore 

he normal c
on
st
ruct
ion.


.2. 
De
sig

(I)Vib
rof
lot
ati
on 

epl
aceme
nt 
metho

6. 
2. 
1 
The 

rea 
to 
be 

rea
ted 
sha
ll 

e d
ete
rmi
ned 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he 

mpo
rta
nce 

the 
bui
ldi
ng and 
to 
the 
si
te 
condi
ti
ons, 
bei
ng 
usual
ly 

arge
r t
han t
he 
ar
ea 
of 

he f
oun
dat
ion 
base. For 
or
dina
ry f
oundat
ion, 
the 
ar
ea s
houl
d be 
enla
rged 
by 
1^-
2 r
ows o
pi

es 

eyo
nd 

he 

ute
r e
dge
s o
f 
th
.fo
und
ati
ons
= f
or 


que
fi
abl
e 
fo
und
ati
on,
2一4 

ow
of 
pi
le
s s
hall 
be 
provi
ded 
beyo
nd t
he 
oute
r e
dges 
of 
th
e foundati
on.
6. 
2. 
2 For 
la
rge a
rea 
whole 

it
e t
rea
tment, 

quil
ater
a l 

riang
le 
la
yout 
of 
pi
le。


mon
s 
sh
oul
d 

te 

dop
te
d; 

or 

nd
iv
id
ual 
or 


ri
p 
fo
ot
in
gs, 

qua
re, 
re
ct
an
gul

r o


sos
cel
es 

ria
ngl
e l
ayou
t s
houl
d块 us
ed.

. 2. 
3 
Pi
le 

pac
ing 

hal
l be 
de
ter
mine
d i
n ac
cor
danc
e wi
th 

oad
s and 

hea


tre
ngt
h o
f t
he 

rig
ina
l s
oil
, 
an
d t
he 

alu
e o
f 1
. 
5^-
2. 

m ma
y b
e a
dop
ted 

or 

hem.
Smal
ler 
spa
cing 
shoul
d be 
take
n f
or l
arge 
loa
ds 
or 

ow st
ren
gth 
of 

he or
igi
nal 
so
il;
ot
her
wise, 

arger 
spac
ing 
shoul
d b
e adapt

ed. 
Smal
l 
spa
cin
gs s
hal
l 
be 
take
n f
or 
short
pi
les 
whos
e t
ips 
ha
ve 
no
t r
eac
hed 

ela
tiv
ely 
ha
rd 

tra
tum.
6. 
2 . 
4 
The 
pil
e l
ength s
hall 
be deter
mi ne
d in 
ac
cor
dance 
wit
h burie
d death of 

he

elat
ive
ly hard 

trat
um  when i
ts bur i
ed 
depth i
s 
not 
de
ep, a
nd i
t 
shall 
be deter
mined

n ac
cordance 
wi
th t
he all
owable 
de format
ion val
ue 
of 

oundati
on 
soil 
under bui
ldi
ngs
wh
en 

he 

uri
ed 

eat
h 
of 
th
e 
rp
la
ts
ve
lb 

-i 

t..
..

,,
.;
____
兀_
一二二
二‘
一TL一7
一"一
7一“
‘W

houl
d be 
not 

e,二t
han 
4m. 

t s
hal
l 
be 
de
ter
min
ed 

ccor
ding 

o t
he 

equi
red


ea

m ent 

gai

6.2.,找 t

t 

art

o羚了Ut 
q uak
e.
oroKen 
_
st
one rncbi
nn 
of 
901
1- 5nomm 
thi
ckness 
shal
l he 

aid 
on

il
p 
tnn
c.
‘2. 
6 
Ha
rd 
ma
ter
ia
ls 

uch 

s 
br
oke
n s
ton
e, 

obb
le, 

ngu
lar 

rav
el 

nd 

oun
ded

ra
ve
l 
wi

h s
mal
l 

ar
th 

ont
en
t 
ma
y 
be 

sed 

s 
ma
te
ri
al
s 
fo
r 
pi

es: 
Th
e ma
xi
mum


ralni
s1z(,


hou
ld 

e n
ot 

es
s t
han 

0mm.For 
br
oke
n s
ton
e, 

he 
us
ual
ly 

dopt
ed
raln


。,n~哎
八拓,



t 













a 


ms

7 
8 






















lp

















 






 




nit










 




 






 





nb


 


 







 





 






 


uP



 







 








 




 t





 





 












 



yo
 










 










oa
 









 





 




 

rn










 





 

  
 
  f
,P

k-
--s
ta
nd
ar
一__
d 
va

_ f

e 


p.


f 
be










g 






一)

ci

朴composite 
y 
o f
(G. 

ounda
: 


8-1
on;

f5,nit。。 ;二一 ,er.tinnal area of
几,
、-
-一。
tandl
rd'
val
ue 

f b
ear
ing 

apa
cit
y pe

了训P',h月介 :

“ standard 

alue 
of 
be
ari
ng 

apa
cit
y of 

he 

oil 
be
twee
n pi
lee
全 rat
e of 
ar
ea 
repl
acement

〔6:2.8一 2、

Wh
er
e' 
d 一d iamet
e r 
of 
pil
e;
a 一 _一 ,
fiamet
nr 
nft
be Pf
fei
,ti
vp 

nfl
,iance 
ci
rcl



r 


qu





e 





yl 




ti


gl
el


ou
 
d,
= 1
:05
s;
峨出1. 
13
s;


.二1
:13 

s,




: 
r 


, 


cn


d 
ng

, 


ar
r 
e 
la





' 




ac

ng
, l
onei
tudi
nal 

pac
ing 

nd 

rans
ver
sal 
spa
cing 
be















于一








n. 











f 
e 










ns

 



e 


so






e 





 


v卜PPal





 




g 



 


 




rnl








at



  
Pi
l"hv 

h f
oll
owi
ng 

ormu
la,
,i
f 


her
e 
omposi


s 
e 

no 
dat
a 
oundat


ot

人P
A二仁1十。(
n一1习人.
、 (6.2.8一3)
O f
:.
,‘
一fl
十m(
n一1
)取3
S. (
6. 
2: 
8一4

-3,e:e n- r
ati
o of 
st
resses 

n vi
le 
and 

oil, 
bei
ng 
t a 夕一 诊when 
aken  no 
test 
dat




-c



n 



es



e 
r 





an

d 

e 



 
bm





, 
 



gr 









f 

e 
r 





e 

r 

sh


 

e 



h 
es





g 


ne


n 


 



n 

ol


f 



r 
, 

le



' 
w 


 




gt
y 







e 
l 
gr

 










f 




d 
e 
bo
y 
 







hea
r van
e s
tre
ngt
h of 

he 

ounda
tion 

oil 
be
for
e t
rea
tment

Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f b
ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f t
he 

oil 

etwe
en 

il
es 
ma
y a
lso 

e r


lac
ed 

y t
he 

tan
dar
d v
alue 

f b
ear
ing 

apa
ci
ty 

f t
he 

oun
dat
ion 

oi
l 
be
for
e t
rea

m ent.

‘.2. 
9 
The 
de
for
mat
ion 

alc
ulat
ion 
of 

he 

ounda
tion 
af
ter 

reat
ment 

hal
l b

er
fo
rme
d a
cco
rdi
ng 

o 
re
le
van
t 
pr
ovi
si
ons 

n 
th
e Na
ti
on
al 

tan
dar
d 
"Co
de 

or 

esi
gi
of 
buil
ding 
foundati
ons" 
GBJ ?一89 . 
The c ons
trai
ned modul
us of 
compr
ess
ibil
it
y o
the 
composi
te soi
l 
str
ata 
may 
be cal
culate
d  by 
the f
oll
owing 
for
mul a:
心 二〔1 +m( n一1)] E,  (
6.2.9)
where 
E.,- c onst
rai
ned r
nodulu of 
compr e
ssibi
li
ty 
of 
the c
omposi
te 
soil 

tra
tai

E,
- c onstr
aine
d mo dulus of 
compressi
bil
it
y o
f t
he s
oil 
be
tween pi
les.
When 
the
re 
is 
no measu
r e
d; 
da t
a avai
lable, 
th
e r
atio 
of 
st
res
ses 
in 
pil
e and 

oil 

ma
y ta
ke 
the 
val
ue o
f 2^y4 
for 
co hesive 
soil
s, 1
.5^-3 f
or 
sil
t; 
grea
ter 
value 
of n 



ake
n f
or 

owe
r s
tre
ngt
h o
f t
he 

rig
ina
l 
so
il, 

nd 

mal

er 

alu
e o
f n 

s 
ta
ken 

or 
hi
gh
er 
strength 
of t
he ori
ginal 
soil.
(I )Vibrofl
otat;
on compa c
t:on 
metho d
6. 
2. 
10 The a
r ea 
to 
be tr
eated 
shal
l be greate
r t
han 
that 
of 

he 
foundati
on 
of 

he
bui
lding wit
h the enl
arged width b
eing 
n ot l
e s
s t
han 5
m  be
yond 
ea
ch outer 
ed
ge of

he 

oun
dat
io
n o
f t
he 

uil
di
ng.

. 
2. 

1 
Wh e
n t
he 
thi
ckn
ess 
of 


que
fi
abl
e 
soi
l 
st
rat
um 

s 
no
t 
lar
ge, 

ibr
ofl
ot
atio


hal
l 
pas
s t
hro
ughout 
th
e who
le 
dept
h o
f s
uch 
st
rat
um; 
whe
n i
t i
s 
cons
ide
rabl

thic
k,  the  depth of vibrof
lotati
ot, 
s hall 
be 
de te
rmined 
in ac
cordance 
wi th 
the 
requiree
depth of t reatment  against 
earthqua ke.
6. 
2 . 
12  The  points f
or vi
bro f
lot a
t i
on should 
be i
n equil
ateral 

r i
angle 
or 
s quare

a yout. The  spa cing between such  points 
de pen
ds on t
he granulometric 
compos i
tion
of s
oi l
s,t he  r
e quired degree o
f oo mpa ct
ion, leve
l of 
underground water, 
powe r of
the vibrof l
ot, qua ntity of 
wa t
er,'
etc .,and shall 
be de
termined by f
ield 
test
s, and it
may  take the  value of 1. 
8^-2. 
Sat.
6. 
2.  13 The  quant i
ty of 
filing  material 
to be 
require
d  f
or each poi
nt of  v
i-

rof

ota
ti
on 

epe
nds 

n 
th
e 
re
qui

ed 

egr
ee 

f 
co
mpa
ct
io
n 
an
d 
sp
aci
ng
s 
be
twe
en 

uch
po
int
s, 
and 

hal
l 
be 
de
ter
mine
d a
y f
iel
d, 

est
s; 
ha
rd 
mat
eri
als 
su
ch 

s br
oke
n s
tone,

obble, a
ngula
r g
ravel,
rounded 
grav
el,coa
rse 

a nd,
me di
um sa
nd,etc
. s
houl
d be 
used

s f
il
ling mate
ria
ls.
6. 2. 
14 
The s
tandar
d val
ue o
f t
he b
eari
ng 
capac
ity o
f c
omposi
te 
founda
tion 
sha
ll
be 

ete
rmi
ned 
by 

oad
ing 

est 

n s
it
e 
fo
r 
su
ch 

oun
dat
io
n, 

nd 

t 
ma
y a
lso 

e d
ete
r-

nd 

or 

he 

oil 
be
twe
en 
pi
les 

n a
ccor
danc


in
ed 
by 
th
e 

. 

_ 
ad

in
g 

es
t 


r 
a 


ng
le
; 
pi


of 

he 

ounda
tion 

fte
r t
he 
vi
brof
lot
ati
on

omp
act
ion 

rea
tme
nt 

hal
l 
be 

erf
orme
d a
cco
rdi
ng 

o p
rov
isi
ons
' 
of 

ubc
lau
se‘
.2.


f t
his 
Co
de,
in 
whi
ch 

he 

ati
o 
of 

tres
ses 

n pi
le 

nd 

oil 
n 
ma
ybe 

ake
n s1.5- 3


an 
be 
avai
labl
e. 
Great
er 
val
ue  nma
of  y七f

竹s

nd
y 

oi

s 
wh
en
理me

su
re
d卿soil, 

nd 

mal
le
r v
alue 
of 
n 

s 
ta
ken 

or 
hi
gh

6.
3 Cons
truc
tion



f 

h7
e 
. 
pi




sh


t 

ts

 


ps 
5一6 

o 



m 

he 

il


ha

t 
 



m 

ot


m 

o 


p 

p 

o 

he
mout
h of 

he 
hol
e.
8. 
Put 
of
f 
'he 
vi
brof
lot 
ar

d t
he 
pump;
6. 
3. 
4 
Eac
h s
ect
ion 
of 

he 
pi
le 

haf
t 
sha
ll 

ati
sfy 

he 

equi
reme
nts 
of 

lec
tri
c 
cu

ent 
fo
r 
co
mpa
ct
io
n, 

uan
ti
ty 

f 
fi

li
ng 
ma
te
ri
al 
an
d 
ti

he 

f 
vi
br
at
io
n. 
Th
ese 

equ
ir

me
nts 

hal
l 
be 

ete
rmi
ned 

y -
he 

il
e' 
fo
rmi
ng 

est 

n s
ite

6.3
.‘A sys
tem 
fo
r wat
er 
an
d s
lur
ry 
dra
ina
ge 
sha
ll 
be 
pr
ovi
ded 

n 
adva
nce 


he 

onst
ruc
ti
on 
si
te, 

oll
ec
tin
g t
he 
wate
r a
nd s
lur
ry 
pr
oduc
ed i
n 
th
e p
il
e 
for
min

roc
ess 

nd 
di
scha
rgi
ng 

hem 

nto 
a 

edi
ment
ati
on 

ank. 

nd 

rans
por
t i
t 
to 

he 

tot

ng 

lac
e a
rra
nge
d i
n a
dva
nce
: Th
e r
el
at
iv
ely 

le
ar 
wa
ter 

n t
he 
up
per 

art 

f t
i.

ank 
may 
be 
used 
re
peatedl
y.

.3. 
6 
Di
g out 

he l
oose 
pa
rt 
of 
pi
le 
sh
aft 

t t
he 
pi
le 

op 

r t
o ma
ke 

t 
comp
act


y r
oll
ing 

r t
ampi
ng, 

hen 

a)
; 
th
e c
ush
ion 

n a
nd 

omp
act 

t.
(I)Vibrofl
ota
tion 
compac
tio
n me
thod
6. 
3. 
7 
Vibrof
lot 
of 
power 
30KW can 
be 
us
ed 

or 
vi
brof
lot
ati
on, 
de
vic
e of 

arge

owe
r 
ca
n 
al
so 

e 
us
ed 

f 

t 

s 
av
ai
la
bl
e. 

ran
es, 

el
f一mo
vi
ng 

ons
tr
uc
ti
on 

oi
st

n,

lat
for
ms 

r o
the
r s
uit
abl
e 
ma
chi
nes 

an 

e u
sed 

or 

if
ti
ng 

he 

ibr
ofl
ot.

.3. 
8 
The 

ibr
ofl
ot
at
io
n c
omp
act

on 
wi
th 


ll
in
g ma
te
ri
al 

an 

e c
ar
ri
ed 

ut 



he 

oll
owi
ng 

teps:

. Cl
ear 
up 
and 

eve
l t
he 

o ns
truc
tton 

ite; 

et 
out 

he 
poi
nts 

or 
vi
brof
lot
ati
on

. Se
t up 

ons
tru
cti
on 
mac
hine
s i
n 
pos
iti
on, 

nst
all 

tee
l pr
otec
tio
n ca
sing 
at 

h,

oin
t f
or 

ibr
ofl
ot
at
ta
n a
nd 

ett 
he 

ibr
ofl
ot 

n 
al
ig
nme
nt 
wi
th 

he 

xis 

f t
he 

rot
ec

ion 

asi
ng.
3. 
St
art 

he 
wat
er 
pump 

nd 

he 

ibr
ofl
ot 
de
vic
e an
d ma
ke 

he 
vi
brof
lot 

ub
me
rge 

lo
wly 

nt
o 
th
e s
and 

tr
at
um. 
Th
e wa
te
r 
pr
es
sur
e 
to 

e u
sed 
ma
y b
e 4
00一
60
0kPa 
wh
ile 

he 
wa
ter 
low 
f may 

ange 

rom 
200 

o 4
00 

/mi
n, 

he 

pee
d o
f s
ubme
r-

io
n s
hou
ld 

e c
ont
rol

ed 
wi
thi

- 
th
e r
a卿 o
f a
bou
t 1
^-2
m/mi
n.
4. 
Af
ter 

he 

ibr
ofl
ot 
has 

eac
hed 

he 
de
sign 

rea
tme
nt 
de
pth, 

educ
e t
he 
wat
er

res
sur
e 
an
d f
lo
w t
o s
uch 

n e
xte
nt 

hat 

her
e lo
fws 

ut 
a 

ert
ai
n q
uant
it
y 
of 
wa
ter
from t
he  mo
uth of 
the hole wit
hout 
carrying wit
h al 
arge amount of f
ine 
grai
ns.
scac
x rnnng 
materi
al 
around the 
peri
mgterof the c
asi
ng.
5. The 
fi
ll
ing 
ma t
erial 
drops 
down by its 
own wei
ght al
ong the wal
l of 

he c
as-

ng to 
t he 
bo
ttom of 
the hole 
die t
o t
he vibrati
on pr
oduced by t
he vibr
of
lot. Aft
er
the 
ele
c tr
ic 

urrent 
has i
nc r
eased t
o t
he specifi
ed 
contr
ol va
l ue, 
rai
se t
he vi
brofl
ot
upward 

or 
0. 
3^-
0. 
Sm.
6: 
Re
p e
at the 
above 
menti
oned 
ste
p unti
l t
he 
whole 
hole 
ha
s been 

reat
ed;r
ecord

are
ful
ly 
the f
inal 
value
s o
f e
lec
tri
c c
urrent
s and 
qua
ntit
ies 
of 
fi
lle
d mat
eri
al 
at 
eac

报忿公介一


le 


ea

me
nt
介吵c

mpl


ed
.ma
ybe 

ro
vi
de
d 
strata addition al to 

cc
el

auxilir
at
e 
th
e 
sp
eed 
of
ary w ater pipe
Fo
r c
ons
truc
tion 

n me
dium 
and 

oar
sesand
su卜


井礴爪燕

aken

pi

6.4
es_
2 
Th
e 

ua


can only t

y,
二‘

ng 
an
d 

xa
mi

at


ie perform

。‘
th
e 

xe

u‘
一“h
e 


br
of

ot 
su
nk
e口 in a certai
n ti
m e interval 
alter 
th e com pletion or 
the vi


rof
lot
ati
on 

ons
truc
ti
on, 
wi
th 

he 

xce
pti
on 

f f
oun
dat
ion 

f s
and
y s
oil
s. 
Fo
r f
oun

dat
ion 
of 
cohesi
ve 
soi
l t
his 

ime 

nter
val 
may 
De。一4 
weee
cs;i
ur 

UU1
1l
IUL
IV1
1. 
vi 
bi
iiy
一”勺
一,一 百

_
、6: 
4. 
3 

he
州吮t

st

ng 
an

Pram i
nati
nn 
of 
the 
exeruti
on of 
vibrofl
ot 
sund

plies  tes
t of 
a 

ingl
e pi

m ay oe done by usire. 
The 
iQ . di
ame

ioauuiger 
of 

he 

irc
ula








h 



g 

op


p 

te 

f 


2e




-a
l 

 



0 





le
t 


, 
 
f 




t 
e 





e 
e. 




an
l 
e 


ua



bo

m 
r 
os
f 



ap




d 





li




s 

 

y 


b 

e 



e 



n 
ot 
 






ms

二公介燕

epr
ese
nta
tive 

har
act
er 
or 
wh
ere 

he 

oil 
pr
oper
ti
es 

re 
poo
r. 
The 

uant
ity 
of 

e;

oin
ts 

an 

e o
f 2
^"4 

rou
ps, 
de
pen
ding 

n t
he 

rea 

f t
rea
tme
nt. 
Th
e l
oad
ing 

e;

or 

ompo
si
te 

oun
dat
io
n s
hal
l 
co
mpl
y 
wi
th 

el
at
ed 

ti
pul
at
io
ns 

f 
App
end
ix 
1 

o 
th
Code.

‘.
4: 
6 
For 

ounda
tion 
of 

andy 

oil 

reat
ed 
by 

ibr
ofl
ota
tion 
co
mpa
cti
on 
met
ho
wi
th
out 

il
li
ng 
ma
ter
ia
l, 

tan
dar
d p
ene
tr
ati
on, 
or 

the
r a
ppr
opr
ia
te 

est
in
g me
tho


houl
d be 
us
ed 

or 

est 

nd 

xami
nat
ion 
of 

he 

rea
tme
nt 

ffe
ct. 
Th
e t
est 
poi
nts 

ha

e s
ele
cte
d f
rom 

uch 

art
s o
f 
the 

it
e 
wh
ich 

re 

f 
re
pre
sen
tat
iv
e c
har
act
er 

r wh
et

he 
so
il 

ro
per
ti
es 

re 
po
or, 

nd 
th
ey 
sh
al
l 
li
e 
at 

he 
ce
nt
roi
d 
of 
th
e e
le
ment
s 
su


oun
ded 

y t
he 

oi
nt
s o
f 
vi
br
cf
lot
at
io
n. 
The 

uan
ti
ty 

f 
te
st 

oin
ts 
may 
be 

ne 
ho


el
ec
ted 

rom 

ach 

rou
p o
f 1
00-

-20
0 p
oint
s 
of 

ibr
ofl
ot
ati
on,
wit
b t
he 

ota
l 
nu
mbe
be
ing 
not 

ess 

han 
3.
7 
Ea
rth 
or一

ime一s
oil 

ompa
ction pi
le 
met
hod

7: 
1 
Gener
al 
requi
rement

丁介

薰囊燕f
_








m 


me

y 

h 

认1 



e 



 



ne 
, 



t 
e 
e 
wi






e 




h 

paction 







; 
li


e 


 

f 


pi
e 





 

e 

ou




 











s 




f 




les 

d 

e 

 

so
t 




吹t


at

snai
d 

l 

be 只reater 
一7
. 
2 
De
M an 
si
gn
tnat 
of 
the 
iounaati
on.
ear
th 
or 

ime一 soi
l cor

组脚吸萦


























:h

Z 
























kn







 
 
l 


 



br

 








 








n 






















a 











 






 r






 







 




 






32 .
 






 



 









 

im






 







 










 t





 





 
  
 
 

aps
ibl
e l
oes
s,r
ele
vant 
pr
ovi
si
ons 
of 

he 
Na
tiona
l St
anda
rd"
Code 

or 
bui
ldi
ngs 

n c

卜p
sib
le 

oes
s 
re
gio
ns"
GBJ 

5一9
0 s
hal
l 
be 

omp
li
ed 
wi
th.
7.
2.3 
The 

iamet
er 
of 

he pi

e h
ole 
sho
uld 
be 
300^
-600 mm,and 
tr
ay 
be 
det<
mi
ned 
in 

cco
rda
nce 
with 

he s
ele
cte
d ha
le 
for
ming 
equi
pment 
or met
hod. 
The 

ho
les 

hou
ld 
be 

rran
ged 

n e
qui
lat
era
l 
tri
ang
les 
an
d t
he 
spa
cings 

an b
e c
alc
ula
ted

he 

oll
owi
nv 

ormul

wh
ere 
s- s
pac
ing 
be
twe
en 

il
es;



. 


d、
_ 
}`



d- di
amet
er 

f pi
le 
hol
e;
几- a
ver
age 

oef
fi
ci
ent 

f e
omp
act
ion 

f t
he 

oil 

etwe
en 
pi

es 

fte
r t


omp
act

on 

f t
he 

oun
dat
ion 

oil
,i
t 
ma
y t
ake
s t
he 

alue 

f 0
. 
93

Pd
..
.- Ma
ximu
m de
nsi
ty 
of 

ry 

oil 

etwe
en 

ile
s;
Pd
- a ver
age 
dens
it
y of 
dry 
so
il 
of 

he 
found
ati
on 
before 
co
mp a
cti
on.
7. 
2. 
4 The 
fi
ll

ng mat
eri
al 
in 
the 
pil
e 
hol
e s
hal
l be 
de
ter
mi ne
d ac
cordi
ng 

o t


equi
rement
s 
of 
the 
work
s o
r t
) t
he o
bje
cti
ve 
of 

oundat
io
n t
reatment, 
an
d t
he 
oua


7,0
1 c
ompact
ion 
sh
all 
be 
co
ntr
oll
ed by 
coe
ff
ic
ien
t o
f c
ompact
ion凡・
The 

oef
fi
ci
ent 
of 

ompac
ti
on人s
hal
l 
be 
no
t l
ess 

han 

. 95 
whe
n pl
ain 

oil 


sed 

or 

il

ing 

nd 

omp
act
io
n;
The 

oef
fi
ci
ent 
of 

ompa
ctt
ion 

} 
:;
hal
l 
be 
not 

ess 

han 
0. 
97 
whe
n l
ime一s
oil 


sed 

or
: 

il

ing 

nd 

omp
act

on'

th
e 
pr
opo
rt
io
n o
f 
li
me 

o 
so
il 

y v
ol
ume 

hou
ld 

e 2
8 
or 
3:7.


. 
2. 
5 
The 

tan
dar
d va
lue 

f b
ear
in
g c
apa
ci
ty 

f 
th
e f
oun
dat
io
n s
oil 

rea
ted 


art
nor 

ime一s
oil 
pi
le 

omp
act
ion 

hal
l 
be 
de
ter
min
ed 
by 

n一s
itu 

est 
or 
ba
sed 


oc
al 

xpe
ri
en
ce. 
Wh
en 

o t
es
t 
da
ta 

s 
av
ai
la
bl
e, 

t 
sh
al
l 
be 

ot 

re
at
er 

ha
n 1


imes t
le 
i beari
ng c
apaci
ty befo
re the 
tre
atment, 
an d 
not 
gr
eate
r than 180k
Pa fo

ounaati
on sa
il 
compacte
d by ear
th pi
les
. For f
oundati
on 
soi
l 
compa c
ted by 
li
me一

011 

lies, 
it 
shal
l 
be n
ot gr
e a
ter 
than 
two t
imes t
he val
ue 
be
fore 
the 
treat
ment, a

not 
gr
eat
er 

han 
250
kPa.
7. 
2. 
6 Th
e def
orma
tion 

alc
ula
tio
n f
or 

he 

ounda
tion 

reat
ed 
by 

art
h o
r: 

ime一

oil 

ompa
cti
on 

hal
l 
be 

erf
orme
d i
n c
ompl
ia
nce 
wi
th 

ele
vant 
pr
ovi
si
ons 
of 

he 
Na


io
nal 
St
and
ard 

Cod
e f
or 

esi
gn 

f b
uil
di
ng 

oun
dat

ons”GBJ 

一89, 

n wh
ich 

he
mod
ulus 
of 

ompr
ess
ibi
li
ty 
of 

he 

ompos
it
e s
trat
a s
hal
l be 
de
ter
mine
d by 

est
s or

ase
a o
n l
oca
l e
xpe
rie
nce

7-3仁nnst
rnct
inn

,.,.1 
For 

he 

ons
truc
ti
on 

f ea
rth 
or 

ime一,
oil 

ompa
ctl
on 
pi
les,


幸子班


en 

. 

hT
e 


e 




r 
vi





no

n 


ot 
f 



he 




ee

r 

 



hl 


n 
oi



t 

of 


il

ho


s 
 


al

ot 

x 



d 

%。

th

。。

爪于
牛专之
qA

ros
t s
hal
l 
be 

ake
n t
o pr
ote
c= 

he 

oil 

nd 

ime一s
oil 

rom 
bei
ng 
wet
ted 
by 

ain 


rn
ax
n_
7. 
4 
Qual
ity 

est
ing 
and 

xami
nat
ioi
7. 
4. 
1 
The 
qua
li
ty 
of 

he f
oun
dat
ion 
soi
l 
tr
eat
ed by 

art
h or 

ime一soil 

om

act

on s
hal
l 
be 

ime
ly 
co
ntr
oll
ed 
by 
sa
mpli
ng 
and 
te
sti
ng 
up
on t
he 
co
mp l
eti
on 
of 
th

reat
ment 
const
ruct
ion.

For 
or
dina
ry 
wor
ks, 

he 

ens
it
y o
f t
he 
dr
y s
oil 
be
twe
en 
pi
le
s, 
be
ari
ng 
pr
ess
ur

nd 

ons
tru
cti
on 

eco
rds 

hal
l 
be 
ma
inl
y 
ex
ami
nd 

nd 

est
ed.

or 
wo
rks 

f i
mpo
rta
nce 

r l
arg
e wo
rks, 

oad
ing 

est 

r o
the
r i
n一s
itu 

est
s 
an

me
asu
reme
nts 

hal
l a
lso 

e d
one 

n a
ddi
ti
on 

o t
he 
ab
ove 
ment
ione
d i
tems 

o be 

est
ed a
nd  examined. Soil 
sampl es 
ma y 
also 
be t
aken f
rom the whol e 
dept h 
of t
he treat
ec
founda ti
on 
to meas u
re the compressibi
lit
y a
nd col
lapsi
bili
ty of 
the soil 
betwe en 
pile
s.
The loa di
ng test 
of the compos it
e foundati
on with 
earth or li
me一s oil 
compa cti
or
pil
es shall 
me et 

el a
ted requirements i
n Appendix 1o 
f 
this Code.
7. 4. 
2 
The numbe r 
of pil
e holes 
from which 
samples have been taken and t
es t
ec
shal
l not be 
less 
than 2环of  t
he total 
numb e
r of 
pil
e h
oles. Add iti
ona l 
pil
es or 
o t
hei
remedy  meas
ur es 
shall 
be taken in 
places 
wher e 

he re
quireme nts cannot be met sat


sfac
tori
ly
8 
Sand一gr
avel 
pi
le 
met
hod

R.1 

General 
requi
rement




















s1







1 










te




 






 





eT


 








 







ei


 








 







yn







 




 






 
ei


 









 





 
Q,,Wl










 


 
一 

 





o 





, 







e 
n. 
th

s 













 



。二
 




 












 
 
d一。
rav
el 

il
e 
me
tho
d i
s 
us
ed 

or 

oun
dat
ion 

rea
tme
nt, 

e-








d 





s 




f 

os



l 


y 


sh






, 


l 


on




rm




s 
ti

f 
n 
sa




l-


e 
rs





 l 





ad


; 

in






, 





ag 





be 




eo







tr
 
e 

co







t 








:1

_



3 













ec











 





t 









 








 
ad













 

ne



 







 
st



 






ni


 



 




 
to



 



 



nt

 








 


re
 








 

la



 
   R.2 
Desi
ar

¥2
: 
1 

qui

at
er
al 


ia
ng
le 

r 
sq
ua
re 

ay
ou
t 
sh
oul
d 
he 

do
pt
ed 

or 

ol
e 
po
si
ti


甘姐共井
gr
ave
l pi
le 。*。alcn 
hp 

alr,
fl
ated 
by 

he 

oll
owi
ne 

ormul

漂 詹

j- a
n,43;
+tl
,T 。干1
/f(
,CP 
Cnndv 
%ni


nT.
Pn 1
lAt
PTA1t
rlAnC
f11
1AT 

avnu

r今 n 0 只J (R_ 
2. 
,一 1

不nr 
cn,
IATP:aavnei

。一 n on (只.2.2一 2

v. 
= o__
_一 nJ住 _.
_一 户_、 乙R.2 2一 3
whe
re:一 spaci
ng betwe en sand-gr avel 
pi
le s;
d一 diame t
e r 
of 
s a
nd-gr avel 
pil
e;
e。一void 
ratio 
of sandy soil 
bef
ore f
ou nda t
ion tr
e at
me nt, i
t 
can 
be deter
mines
by tes
ting undisturbed soi
l s
amp les, and also can be deter
mine d 
by c
on-
trast 
te
s t
s such as dynamic or 
st
a tic s
ounding,  etc;
et
- requir
ed void rati
o afte
r th
e compa ction of 
t he foundati
on;
e二二,
e.a
.- the ma ximum  and minimum  void ra
tios of sandy soi
l 
respect
ivel
y,
they ma y be  d
etermined i
n  accordance wi th rel
evant 
provisi
ons 
in
the Nat i
onal Standar
d,St and ard on met hods of 
soil 

esting”GB]
123-88;
D,

- re
qui
red 

ela
tive 
dens
ity 
of 
sa
ndy 

oil 
af
ter 

he 

ompa
cti
on 
of 

ounda


ion, 

t 
may 
be 0. 
70
^0 . 
¥5

2. 
For 

ohesi
ve 
soi
ls:

or 

qui
lat
era
l t
ri
angul
ar 

ayout

=1. 
OS夜 (
8.2
.2-4


or 

qua
re 

ayout

=叔 (
8.2
.2一5

whe
re A。
一 Ar
ea 

o be 

rea
ted 
by 
one 

and-gr
ave
l pi
le;
A.
(R_2 7一 f
i、
人-m
Wh
ere 
AP c
ros
s-s ec
tio
nal 
are
a of 
sa
nd-gra
vel 
pi
le;
m一 r
ati
o of 

rea 
repl
acament
,it 

an 
be 
de
ter
mined 
by 

ormul
a (
6. 
2. 

一 2)
8. 
2.3 
When 

he 

hicknes
s of 

he 

oose 
and 

oft 
soi
l st
rat
um 
in 

he 

oundat
ion 



ot 

arge, 

and-gr
ave
l 
pi
les 
sh
oul
d pa
ss 

hrough 

t, 
whe
n t
he 

hic
knes
s o
f t
he 

oos


nd 

oft 

oil 

tra
tum 

s l
arg
e, 

he 

il
e l
eng
th 

hal
l 
be 

ete
rmi
ned 

cco
rdi
ng 

o t
he

alue all
owa bl
e de f
ormati
on  f
or build
ing foundati
on.
For l
iquef
iable sand 
strat
um,  the pil
e shal
l 
be l
ong 
enough t
o pass 

hr ough t
he

tratum or to 
compl y wit
h rela
t e
d prov i
si
on s 
of 
the 
Nati
onal 
Standard 
" 
Code  on a-

eismic de
sign of bui
ldin
gs"G3J  11一89
8: 
2. 
4 The  width of 
the foundation s
o il 

o be 
compact
ed by sand 
gravel pi
le


hal
l 
be 

rea
ter 

han 

hat 

f t
he 

oun
dat
io
ns, 

nd 

he 
wi
den
ing 

n e
ach 

ide 

ot 

es


han 
I一3 
rows of 
pile
s‘when 
sand-gr
avel 
pi
les 

re use
d t
o pr
event 
the s
and 
stra


ur
n f
rom 

iquef
a c
tion, 
the 
wi
deni
ng 
on 
each 
si
de 
should 
be 
not 
les
s t
han half 

f t
he

rea
tme
nt 

ept
h, 

nd 

ot 

ess 

han 

m Wh
en 

her
e 
ex
ist
s 
an 

ver
lyi
ng 

on-l

que
fi


ble 

tra
tum 
wi
th 
a 

hic
kne
ss 
mo
re 

han 

m o
ver 

he 


que
fi
abl
e s
tra
tum, 

hen 

he
. q, .

ot 

ess 

han 

alf 
of 

he 

hic
kne
ss 

f t
he 

ique
fi
abl



de
ni

g 
on 
ea

h_
si

e 

ho
ul
d 
5traru m , 


ana not 
IeSS Ivan Jm .

8. 

: 
5 
The 
quant
ity 
of 
sand-
'gra
vel 

il
l 
in 

he 

and-g
rave
l 
pi
le 
hol
es 

an 
be 

al-

ula
ted 
by 

he 
fol
lowing 
for
mul a:


=攀'

,d
, 

1-

-0
. 

1w)
I冲 -e1
(8.2.5)

wher


一qu
an
ti

y 
of 
sa
nd-g
ra
ve
l 

il
l 

by 

ei
gh
t);
A,
一cr
oss一s
ect
iona
l a
rea 
of 
sa
nd-gr
avel 
pi
le;

一le
net
h_
of 

il
e:
a。
一 r
etati
ve 
aens
ity 
ts
pecni
c wei
gnt) 
of 
t ana一gr
he 
s ave
l ma
ter
ial
w一wa
ter 

ont
ent 

f 
sa
nd-g
rav
el 
ma
ter
ia
l.







d 
, 


co








lt 











dl
, 
; 




g 


 


m 
. 




 






ia




e 

; 



as



 





 
t 
m 
s 

 


e 






er
 
; 


 









nh




e 
n 



gi






 

, 



 
in





 



u一

r 

 




n 


g 

 








,t








 


- 

器一













tn




` 









de






 






 
at



 




  a









yh








nd



 




 l



 








gl






 

mo




 




   

扮东

ional 
St

hammer
ad
opt

.。

d 


andar

8. 
3. 
1 
Vi

呼些1
ng

〕8 。
_

br








ion一

e 
fo

VI



me



Jl
_

ri






e 
ho







C:l

r 

d 







ig
n 

r 




l 

f 
of娜l





e 

d 







g 
or



mi







g 











8. 
ng 

he



3 



J 
7-
s9
Const
ina
ft
ruc

ULJanu一 gravelPl

er 


al
on

ed 

les.

ibr
ati
on 
met
hod) 
or
can 
be
8. 
3. 
2 
Test
s of 
pi
le 
formi
ng and 

ompac
tion 
shall 

e car
rie
d out 
be
fore 
cons
true

ion, 

he number of 

est
e d 
pi
le
s maybe 
7^-9. 
If i
t 
is 
found 
that t
he 
qual
it
y canno

at
is
fy 

he 

esi
gn 

equ
ir
eme
nts
, 
th
en 

el
at
ed 

ara
met
er
s 
su
ch 

s 
sp
aci
ng, 
qu
ant

ty 


and 

nd 

rav
el 

o b
e f
il

ed, 

tc. 

hal
l 
be 

dju
ste
d a
nd 

o 
pe
rfo
rm 

he 

est
s 
ag
ain, 

to 
make changes i
n the 
desi
gn
8. 
3. 
3 I
n  t
he constr
ucti
on  by 
us i
ng vi
brat
ion 
method, t
he quanti
ty 
of sa
nd-
gra
vel t
o be 
fi
lled, th
e hei
ght and s
p eed 
of 
li
fti
ng, 
number of 

ompac t
ions 
and t
hei
dura
tion, 
the 
wor king el
ect
ric 
current 
of t
he moto
r, 
etc. 
shal
l 
be cont
roll
ed a
ccord

ng 

o t
he 

ink
ing 

f t
ube 

nd 

egr
ee 

f c
omp
act
io
n s
o a
s t
o e
nsu
re 

he 

nif
ormi
ty 



omp
act
ne
ss 

nd 

ont

nui

y o
f 
th
e 
pi

e s
haf
t 
bo
dy. 
Ap
pro
pri
at
e 
pi

e t

p c
ons
tr
uct

ot

hal
l 
be 

hos
en 

o 
en
sur
e 
ea
sy 

emo
val 

f s
oi
l 
fr
om 

he 

il
e 
ho
le 

nd 

ff
ect
iv
e c
om-

act
ion

8. 
3. 
4 I
n the cons
truct
ion 
by using hammeri
ng me t
hod, 
doubl
e tube or 
si
ngle

ube met
hod ma y be a
dopted. 
I n 
the c
ompa c
tio
n by hammeri
ng, the qua
ntit
ies 
of

and-gravel 
fi
lli
ng of 
each 
sec
tion 
of 
pile a
nd 
the 
length 
of 
pi
le 
thus 
formed s
hall 
be

ontr
oll
ed 
a c
cording t
o t
he ene
rgy of 
hamme ri
ng.

. 
3. 
5 
The 

rde
r o
f c
ons
tru
cti
on 

f s
and-g
rav
el 

il
es 

f wh
ich 

he 
ma
in 

bje
c-
tive is 
c ompa c
tion  s
ha l
l 
be c
ar r
ied out 
intermitte
ntly. The actual 
quantity 
of 
s and一
gr avel 
fi l
l 
in
s i
de the pil
e s
hall 
be not l
ess 
than 95 0 
o of 
the des
ign value 
(not i
ncluding
th e weight of 
wat e r


n  the 
cons t
r ucti
on of 
sand一gr avel pile
s, 
accurate pi
le posit
ions shal
l be en-
sure d, the l
ongi t
udi nal 
devi
ation shall 
not be greate
r than the dia
me ter o
f t
he  pi
le
tube,  the pi
le body  shal
l 
be continuous a
nd  vert
ical, 
with deviati
on fr
om  ver
ticali
ty
no t gre
at er 
than 1. 5%.

pec
if
ic 

ers
onn
el 

hal
l 
be 

omi
nat
ed 

o k
eep 

eco
rds 

f c
ons
tru
cti
on 

ara
met
ers
dur
ing the 

ons
tructi
on.

. 3. 
6 
The loos
e s
oil 

aye
r un
der
nea
th 

eve
l o
f t
he 

ounda
tion 
ba
se 

hal
l be
rammed 
and 
comnact
ed

8. 
4 
Qua
lit
y t
est
ing 
and 

xami
nat
ion
8. 
4. 
1 
Exami
ne 
constr
uct
ion 

ecor
ds 
and 

est 

esul
ts 
such 
as 

he 
dur
ati
on 
of 
tube

inki
ng 
of 

and-gr
ave
l pi
le
s, 
qua
nti
ti
es 
of 

and-g
ravl
e f
il
li
ng 

n e
ach 

ect
ion 
of 

he

il
e, 

ur
at

ons 

f 
li

ti
ng 

nd 


omp
ac
ti

n, 

ev
ia
ti
on
s 
fr
om 

il
e 
po
si

io
ns. 
Re
med

me
asure
s s
hall 
be 
take
n i
f the 
el
esi
gn 
r e
quire
me nt
s c
annot 
be 
sati
sfi
ed.
8. 
4. 
2 St
andar
d pene
trati
on. 

est, 
stat
ic 
or 
dynamic 
so
undi
n g 
tes
t may 
be 
us
ed 



es
t 
an
d me
asu
re 

he 

omp
act
ion 
qu
ali
ty 

f 
pi
le
s 
of 

he 

oi
l 
be
twe
en 

il
es 

or 

oun
ds-
Th
e e
xami
na
ti
on 

nd 
me
asu
reme
nt 

f 
th
e 
qu
ali




丫on一l
oit e

he 

oi妙s
l 
be
twa


ed-
n 

rg

er
av

s 

nl
a扮・
erar
n 
D rie
d'n
ut 
at 

he 

ent
er 

f t
he 

qui
lat
era
l t
ria
n-
al
e or 

he 

w are.







e 



er 




s 





rt





t 
: 


e 
r 
ta






ne 
' 


oo





se 


 

co





nr
g 


he


t 

is


e 

eu


d 

mb
e 



aa





n 
ie
d 



d 


t 
vo

r 



at




n 
r 



f 
ft




{一
十r 。。.。+,,。“。,

~ 」八
9 
Deepm ixing method

9. 
1 
Gene
ral 

equi
rement

9. 1. 
1 
Deep mixi
ng method 
is 
suit
able 
for t he t
reatment o
f foundatio
n such as
muck, mucky s
oil,silt 
and c
ohesi
ve so
ils 
ha ving high 
wa ter 
content 
and  s
tandard
val
ue of 
bear
ing pr
essur
e not 
great
er t
han 1 20kPa.  It
s sui
tabi
lit
y should be as
cer-
ta
ined b
y t
ests 
when i
t 
is t
o be 
us
ed to 
tre
at pe a
t y 
soil 
or 
whe n 
the underground wa-

er 
ha
s c
orr
osi
ve 
na
tur
e. 
For 

ons
tru
cti
on 

n wi
nte
r, 

tte
nti
on 

hal
l 
be 
pa
id 

o t
he 

n-
fluenc e 
of nega ti
ve te mpe rat
ure upon  t
he  tr
eatme nt  ef
fect.
9. 1. 
2 The  dept h and compos iti
on of  s
oil 
str atum,  the range of di
stri
bution of
soft layers, wat er 
an d organic 
mat ter c
ont ents, 
c or r
os i
ve na t
ure of 
underground  wa-
ter, etc. shall be 
asce rtained i
n the engine e
ring ge ologic
a l su
rvey.
9. 1. 
3 La borator y 
c onsoli
dation tests mus t be c a
rried out before t
he design of
deep  mixing  process,  f
or  t
he pur pose of sel
e c
ting  approp ria
te stabil
ize
rs and addi-
ti
v e
s  a
ccording  to the p ropert
ies  o
f founda tio
n  s oi
l on  the sit
e  a
nd  f
or providing
strengt h 
pa r
ame ter
s  of 
va ri
ous: 
mi xi
ng pro porti
ons . The  standard val
ue of 
the soil 
to
be stab i
li
zed s hould 
t ake the unc
on fin
e d 
c omp res
s ion strength of 
test 
specimen of 90d
age.

9. 
2 
Des
ign
9. 
2. 
1 
Cement ma y be  c
hos e
n as t
he s
t abi
liz
er for 
tre
a t
ing soft 
soi
l 
by  deep 
mix-

ng method, o
t he
r effec
tive stabil
izer
s may also 
be adopted. The quanti
ty o f 

he st
a-
bi
li
zer 
to be 
added 
s hould be ?%^- 15% of 
t he weight 
of 
the soil 
to 
be s
tabiliz
ed. Ma-

eri
a l
s havi
ng prope r
tie
s  of quick一ha rdening, retar
ding, wa ter 
reducing, cement
sa
ving, etc
. are 
to be cho sen as a
dmixtures, depending on the nee
d of the works,
howeve
r, 
envi
ronment
al 

ont
ami
nati
on 
shal
l be 
avoi
ded..


. 2
. 2 
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f be
ari
ng 

res
sur
e o
f c
omp
osi
te 

oun
dat
ion 
wi
th
mix
ed一i n一pla
ce pil
es 
sha
ll 
be 
det
ermin
e d 
by 
in-sit
u  l
oadi
ng t
est 
of 

he 

omp
osi
te

ounda
tion, 
it 
can a
lso 
be 
cal
cul
ate
d by 
the 
fo
llowi
ng formula:
侧-



+P( 
I一拼)f
.A (9.2.2一 1)

whe
re 
f,p
,k
-st
andar
d va
lue 
of 
be
ari
ng 

apa
cit
y of 

he 

ompo
sit
e f
ounda
tion;
m一 r
ate 

f a
rea 

epl
ace
ment;
AP
- c
ros
s一s
ect
iona
l a
rea 
of 
pi
le;
41
fe
,、
一st
anda
rd 

alue 
of 
be
ari
ng 

apa
cit
y of 

he 
na
tur
al 

ounda
tion 

oil 
be


wee
n pi
les;
月一 p i
les; 
be-

oe

fi

ie
nt 
of 
be
ar

ng
,c

pa
ci

y 

ed
uc

io
n 

f 

he 
ea

th 

et
we
enwhen the
no 
acti
on


f 
th
e 
so
ft 

oi
l 
be
twe
en 

il
es 

s 
co
nsi
de
re
d;


- s

an
da

d 
va

ue


De 
f 
vs

' 
rt


al 
be

ri

gI 




aeterm i


ci

y少ssinin司gl
nea 
oy 
cne. 

e 
pi

e 
e间。
n- si
tu 

whi
ch 

hal

oaam g test 
of 


ing
le 
pi
le 
may 
als
o b

,介s

an
da

d 
va

ue 

f 


caicutatea 
e 
ve


oy 


al 
he

cne 



ng 
pt



pa
ci


owi
“‘
va
lue 

s 
ng two  t
o b
e t

torm utke
n:
as, 
and 
zne-
sm aner

R是=t
/.
人UAAu (
92.
2一2)
R挂
二舀,U1-
f-a
AP9 (9.2.2一3)
where


.,

-一
th
e 

ve

ag
e 

al

e 

f.


m en c
on


ne
d 

om

ottne.
.r

ss


soin 

l t

en
gt
h 

f 



stabi
lt 

ip

ci

zed 
in 
taporatory 
witn 
tne. 
sarne 
mixture 
rati
o as


hat 

f 
th
e s
ta
bi
li
ze
d 
so
il 

f 
th
e p
il
e 
sh
af fmi
t 
o xed一i
n 
-pl
ace 
pi
le
7mm, 

ube
s wi
th 
si
de
(p
ee
in
te
n介r
e 
cu
bes 

it
h 
si
de 

en
gt
h 
70


engt
h 5
0mm 
may 
al
so 

e us
ed);



co



ci


t 

矶- 

f 








hr




ngt




 
, 
h一





y 


ke 
 


e 




e 
f间e 

f 

pe

. 



ime
ter;
l一l
eng
th。pil


, 
-sta
ndardvalue 
of 
beari
ng press
ure 
of t
he nat
ura
l f
oundat
ion s
oil 
at 
the
p以e 
;t
ip,it 
may be 
deter
mi ned 
in 
accor
dancewith 
rel
ate
d  p
rovi
sions 
of
3. 
2 i
n 3 
of 
the 
Natio
nal 
St anda
rd 
" Code 
fordes
ign o
f b
uildi
ng f
o un
da-


ons”GB
J 7
-89

. c
oef
fi
ci
ent 

ear
ing 

apa
cit
y r
edu
cti
on 

or 

atu
ral 

oun
dat
ion 

oil 

t t
he

ile 

ip, 

t 
ma
y t
ake 

he 
va
lue 
of 
0. 
4^-
O. 
i.


n 
th
e 
de
si
gn. 
th
e 
ra
te 

f 
ar
ea 

ep
la
ce
men
t 
m 

an 

e 
ob
ta
in
ed 

rmform ula (9.


. 
2-1
) a
ccor
ding 

o t
he 

equ
ire
d be
ari
ng 

apa
cit
y of 

he 

ound
ati
on.


衬t
















al






















. 






Pg















 



忿 
 
 
  
 
 

.42 ・
杭A
(9.2.3)

=AP
whe
re 
n-numbe
r of 
pi
les;
A一area 
of 

he 
base 
of 

oundat
ions.
9. 2. 
4 Wh en  the re exists soft unde r
]如ng  s tratum  below  the range  of  t
re at
me nt
of 
mi xed-i n-pl ace  pil
es, t he verifi
c ation 
of  the  str
engt h of the und erlying stra tum
can be  perfor me d  i
n  accorda nce  with  relat
ed  pr ovisions of the  Nationa l Standa rd”
Cod e for design  of b uildi
ng  found ations”GBJ  7一89.
9 . 
2.5 
The  def or ma ti
on  of the compo si
te  fou ndation wi th mixe d-i n-pi l e
s con-
sis
ts  of t
he co mpr essive defor ma ti
on  of the 
c omp osite 
s oil 

aye rs and the  compr e
s sive
defor ma ti
on  of the  unt r
e at
e d soil stra t
a below  the ti
p  of 
pile,  i
n whi ch  the va l
ue  of
compr essi
ve  defor mat ion  o
f  the compos i
te 
s oil layers may  be  10一30 mm  by  e
xpe ri

ence,  depend ing  on  the loads  f
rom  the  s
upe rstr ucture, pile length, s tr
e ng th of pile
shaft.  The v alue  of the  compr ess i
ve  de f
orma tio n of the unt reated soil s t
rata be low
the pile ti
p ma y be  det e
rmi ned  in acc ordance wi th re
la te
d p rovisi
ons  of the  Na t
iona l
Standa rd”Cod e  for de si
gn  of building  foundat ions”GBJ  7一89 .
9. 2. 
6 
The  tr eatme nt of  dee p 
mi xing i
n  wa ll form  ca
n  be  de
signed  a ccording  to
gravity retaining  wal l whe n it 
=s used  for 
under gr ound  tempor ar y 
retaining  structur e.
Th
e l
ap 

eng
th 

f n
eig
hbo
uri
ng 

il
es 

hou
ld 

e g
rea
ter 

han 

00mm.
9. 
3 
Cons
truc
tion
9. 
3. 1 The  s ite whe r e 
the  t reatme nt by  de ep mixing  me thod is 
to be  car rie
d out
shal
l be leveled  i
n  adva nc e, wi t h clearing up  a nd remov al  o
f all 
obstruc ti
ons,e i
ther
on o
r unde r 
the  gr ound,  i
nc ludi ng bo ulde rs, tr ee 
roots and  hous e 
re
fus e.  For  l
ow-
lyi
ng si
te s, t
he y  sha l
l be  f
il
le d wi th 
cohe sive  soils, 
but neve r wi t
h miscellane ous 
fill

9. 
3. 2 The  cons tr
uc tion  of d eep 
mi xing  can be carr
ied  out i
n the 
followi ng  s
teps:
1. Ins t
all the  mac hi ne for  de ep mi xing  i
n  positi
on;
2. Pr el
imi na ry  mixin g and  sinking;
3. Slur r
y  spr aying,  mi xi ng  and hoi sti
ng;
4. Re peat  mi xing an d s inki ng;
5. Re peat mi xing and  lifting  up  t
o  t
he  mo uth of t
he  hole;
6. put off  t
he  mixin g ma chi ne.
9.3. 3 Befo re the co ns t
r uct ion, the  c
ons truc ti
on parame t er
s such as the  pumpi ng
cap
acity of mor ta r pump  of the  de ep mi xing  ma chine, the t i
me  neede
d  f
or  the  mortar
tbefor场

to 
reach the s pra ying out l
et  of t he mi xer t hrou gh the mo r t
a r 
pumpi ng  pipe  and


fti
ng 

pee
d o
f t
he 


fti
ng 

qui
pme
nt 

hal
l 
be 

ali
bra
ted; 

he 

rop
ort
ion
ing 
mi


he 
mi
xed一i
n一pl
ace 
pi
les 
an
d t
he 

ons
truc
tio
n t
echn
ologyshall 
be 
det
ermi
ned
・43



e 



. 
r3

. 

4 
ng 


te
e 



s 
ol


di






no
g 

 

ag




e 
t 



nt
d 
h 

de



gx
n 


re
e 


mi





t 



e 




bj

ct

d 

o 
la

or


or
y 



t-

扛二
流林日朴一 9
. 
4 
Qu
al
it
y 
te
st
in
g 
an
归xa
min
at
io


: 
4: 
1 
Th
e 
co
nst
ru
ct
io
n 
re
co
rds 

hal
l 
be 

xami
ne
d 
fr
om 

ime 

o 
ti
me 

uri
ng co n


truc
tio
n'an
d qua
lit
y e
val
uat
ion 

hal
l be 
pe
rfor
med 

or 

ach 
pi
le: 
Fo
r uns
ati
sfa
ctor


il
es,measures 
of 
pr
ovi
ding 

urt
her 
pi
le
s or 
of 

tre
ngt
heni
ng 

hei
r. 

djac
ent 
pi
le

lb
shal e 

aken 

esp
ect
ive
ly.

介c








































tl




























甘 
 
 
  
 

 
‘44,

. Cor
e s
ampl
es 

hal
l 
be 
dr
il
led 

rom 

he 
pi
le 

haf
t 
to 
ma
ke 

est 

pec
ime
ns 

rom

hem 

or 
me
asu
rin
g t
he 

tre
ngt
h o
f t
he 

il
e 
sh
aft 
wh
ose 

tre
ngt
h i
s 
in 

usp
ici
on 

fte


oundi
ng 
te
st;
2. 
For 
pi
les 
wi
th 

ompl

cat
ed 

ite 

ondi
ti
ons 
or 

ile
s wi
th 

ons
truc
ti
on 
pr
ob-

ems
, s
ingl
e 
pi

e l
oad
ing 

est 

hal
l 
he 
car
ri
ed 

ut 
to 
tes
t t
hei
r 
bea
ri
ng 
cap
aci
ty;
3. For 
wo
rks 
wher
e s
tri
ct 

equ
ire
ment 

s s
pec
if
ied 
to 
the 

app
ing 
of 
adj
ace
nt
pil
es, 
open 
excava
tion 
sha
ll 

e c
arr
rid 
out 

or se
vera
l 
se
l e
cted 
pi
le 
shaft
s at 
a 
cer
tain
age o
f t
hei
r 
c ur
ing 
in o
rder 

o i
nsp
ect 
the 
appear
ance 
quali
ty 
of 
the t
op par
t of 
the

il
e. 

9. 

. 
4 The 
posi
ti
ons, t
he numbe r 
and 
the 
qual
ity 
of 

he t
ops 
of 
pil
es 

hal
l 
be i
n-

pec
ted 
aft
er t
he 
foundat
ion t
r e
nch has b
een e
xcavat
ed. 
Effe
cti
ve 
reme方 meas
ures

hal
l 
be t
aken 
if 

hey do 
not 
me et 
the s
pe c
if
ie
d re
quireme
nts.

45

0 Hi
gh 
pr
ess
ure 

et 

rou
ting 
me
thod


0. 
1 
Gener
al 

requi
rement


s su
itab
l e
' 
for 
the 
tr
eatment 
of

一10
.1
.个h

gh 



imunoatt

su

e 
on 

et 
gr

ut

sucn 

g 

as 


eo
ds
il
t, 

M UCK, oess, 

m ucky andy 

so t, oi
l; 
ea
conesir
th 
fi
ll
ve 5o n ,


nd 
gr
ave
ll
y s
oil一
etc













oh
n 


e 




a 



ga










 






nt




 

n 


 

th
t 
e 



f 
 




e 

 








 

d 



ma
d 




 

s 



a 




 





 
















f 

 










 




 

r 

co
 

f 









sg
g 
 

e 






 



eu

, 

e 








ts







 




oo




- 
 

0. 

. 
2 
The 
hi
gh 
pr
ess
ure 

et 

rou
tin
g me
thodCa n be 
used 
for 
the 
foundat
ion.

扮牛井































, 





4 






ea

















 






 





 









g 





a 







 




 o







 










 
er


 






 








h 






 


e 




 



f一

 



 


h 



on


 









 





gr














g 










 









 
dg

 
 
  

uch 
as 
observat
ion 
dat
a upon 
compl
eti
on 
of 
the 
wor
ks 
and 

ts 
pr
esent 
st
ate, 

nfor-














0r
: 



f 


5 


d 

Aa








t 
 


bo

 





 









oe


f 
s 

e 


 

d 
fs

 








 
h 


ir




n 






 
ar
d 







e 





gi













ni
g 

 




 

by 





ds






 


 



execution or

, 



 
, 
e 

rp



 
l ba
sed 
on
. 
the 

xper
ienc
e of 
pr
evi
ous 
wo
rks


0. 
2 
De
sig


0:-
2.1 
Th
e f
oun
dat

on 

o b
e t
rea
ted 
wi

h c
hur
nin
g pi

es 
ma
y b
e d
esi
gne
d a
s a

6.

omposite 

ound a
tion. When u
sed 
as 
ret
aini
ng s tru
cture 
or pi
le f
oun dati
on, 
it 
may 
be

alc
ulat
ed” a s t
rengthened 
body 
which 
bears loads i
ndependently.
10. 
2.2 
The strength 
and 
dia
meter 
of c
hur ning pi
les 
shall 
be determi
ned a
cco
rd-

ng t
o i
n-s it
u tests. 
Whe n 
ther
e i
s 
:no 
in一s itu test 
data, t
he  e
xpe r
ienc
e of 
ot
her

hurni
ng gr
outing pract
ice 
wit
h s
imi
lar 
soil 
condi t
ions 
may  a
lso be re
ferr
ed t
o.

0. 

. 
3 
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f b
ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f c
omp
osi
te 

oun
dat
io
n wi
th
chu
rning 
pi
le
s shal
l be 
de
termi
ned by 
in一s i
tu 

oadi
ng t
est 

or 
such f
oun da
ti
on, 


may a
lso 
be 
cal
cula
ted 
by t
he f
oll
owing 
for
mula 
or 
base
d on 

oca
l s
itu
ations 
and 

x-

eri
enc
e of 

xec
uti
on 

n wor
ks 
wi
th 

i面l
ar 

oil 

ondi
ti
ons.


..
、一半C
Rk
+R
J、
f 



(A}
-Ao
)] (10.2.3- 1)

whe
re 凡,k- s tandar
d val
ue of 
bea
ring c
apaci
ty 
of 
the 

ompos
ite 

oundat
ion;
人一 treatment 
area 
shared 
by 
o ne 
pil
e;
Ap
-  a
ve r
age c
ross-secti
onal 
area 
of 
pil
e;
人,
、一s tandard 
value 
of b
eari
ng pre
ssure 
of 

he na
tur
al 

oundat
ion 
soi
l 
be-

wee
n pi
les;
月一 re
du c
tion coef
fi
cie
nt of 
beari
ng 
capa
cit
y of t
he nat
ural 
foundati
on 
soi

bet
wee n pi
les, 
it 
can 
be d
etermi
ned 
by te
sts a
nd may t
ake the 
val
ue 
of
0. 
2^-0. 
6 when no 
test 

nformati
on 
is 
avai
lable. 
It 
may take 
the 
val
ue
of 
zero when t
he ef
fect 
of 
soft 

oil 

etween pile
s i
s 
not 
c onsi
der
ed.
砚一s
tand
ard 

alu
e o
f 
ve
rti
cal 

ear
ing 

apa
cit
y o
f a 

ing
le 

il
e, 

o b
e d
ete
r-
mi
ned 
by 

n-s
itu 

oad
ing 

est
s.
Th
e s
tan
dar
d v
alu
e o
f v
ert
ic
al 

ear
in
g p
res
sur
e 
of 
a 

in
gle 

il
e 
ma
y a
lso 

e c
al


ula
ted 
by 

he 

oll
wing 

wo 

ormul
as, 

he 

mal
le
r va
lue 

rom 

he 

esul
ts 

hal
l 
be 

ak-
en :

以-7

f .

凡 (10.2.3一2)


t=A
d 
Zh

q+A
,qa
.,. 1
(10.2.3- 3)

whe
re 
f  ,
k 
a verage 
val
ue 
of 
unconf
ined 
compre
ss i
ve 
strengt
h of 
the 

pec
ime
n t
ak-
e n 
fr
om the 
pil
e s
haft 
(cube
s wi
th 
side l
ength 7
0. 7
mm);
t/
-  s
trengt
h re
ducti
on c
oeff
ic
ient, 
bei
ng 
0. 35- 0. 
50;
d- 
ave
rage 
di
ame
ter 

f p
ile;
n一 numbe
r o
f s
oil 

tra
ta 

妇rig 

n t
he 

ange 
of 
pi
le 

engt
h;
h;
- t
hic
kne
ss 

f t
he 

th 

oil 

tra
tum 
aroun
d t
he 
pi
le;

H s
tanda
rd 

alu
e of 

he 

ri
cti
on 

orc
e o
f t
he 

th 

oil 

tra
tum 
around 

he

il
e, 

t 
ma
y t
ake 

he 

tan
dar
d v
alu
e of 

ide 

ri
ct
ion 

f c
ast
-in一p
lac

。 47 。
_
bo
re
d 
q,-- 




St

;。一_‘r

, ,
andard 
val
ue 
or 
Deari
ng 
capaci rne naturalf
ty ox. oundat
ion 
soi
l at 

he

一p





3. 


2 
po
, 
 
f 










 
t' 


e 
aN
y 


te 





at
l 



mt




ea
d 

d 
in
" 


Cc


r 

e 



oc
r 
e 

we




h 
gn 



lf 





d 





iq


g 

re
me


级e





































nf

























Whe







 













 





 








ro
 






" 


 








 





la







 









 









 


ca

 










 







 
e EP

 
 
 

EP
,=
凡(
A,-Ap
)-I


EP
A, (10.2.4)


odu
lu
s 
of 
co
mpr
es
si

il

ty 

f 
co
mpo
si

e 
so

l 
la
ye
rs 

it
h 
ch
ur
ni
ng
E‘
一 m



ld



lu
s、c

mp
re

si


li

y。
,t

e 

oi

be

w 

en 
pi


s, 
it 
ma
y 


-r


_一

la
ce
d 

y 

ha
t 

f 

he 
na

ur
al 
fo
un
da

io
nit 
sot

' 一一m OGnl
r ma
ybe 

et
usolcom presslil
1e

1mi
ne
Ly d 

y 
01 
pit

le
e bl
ialt,

me
thod 
of 
me
asur
ing 

he 

eca
nt 
mo
dul
uso
f 
el
ast
ic
it
y 
of 

onc
ret
e.

必拼 耳

ge


he




0. 

3. 
d 


1 

The 

re 


de







gn
ct

oni
n a
ccor


da


ti

nc

s 
e 

f 


wi



0. 
e 


h 





3 
s 


Cons
r 

e 



h 
ur









uc

ound


e 


ion
t 
gr

ut
ngs 



g 

nd 



oc

l 




ions 
of 
un-
de
rgt
o und f
aci
li
t珍s

f0. 3
. 2 
The 
pr
ess
ure

oub
le-t
ube 
me
tho
ds aS
“一

・hi

h 

welt 



ss

as.


e 

em
en

tne 

ro
ut 
fl

w 
in 
si

gl

pressure 

’u

of 



ni


gn 
pressure.
: 
water 

et 
in 
tri
ple一

ube 
met
hod' 
shoul
d begreater t
han 
20 
MPa; 

he 
pr
ess
ure 
of 

ow 
pr
essur
e c
eme
nt
g=
oat 

low 
shou
ld悦 gr
eat 

han1 
MPa, 

he 
ai
r f
low 
pre
ssur
e s
houl
d be 
0. 
7 
MPa,
.48 ・

nd 

he 


fti
ng 

pee
d may 
be 

ake
n a
s 0
.1-0
. 
25
m/mi
n.

0. 

. 
3 
Th
e ma
in 
ma
ter
ia
l 
fo
r hi
gh 

res
sur
e j
et 

rou
ti
ng 

s 
ce
ment
; f
or 
wo
rks
wit
hout 
speci
al 
requi
rement
s, port
land c
e ment o
f No. 3
25  o
r 425 
sho
uld b
e use
d.
Appropr
iat
e a
mo unt 
of 
addi
ti
ves 
and admixture
s su
ch a
s ea
r l
y se
tti
ng, 
sus
pendi
ng 
or
ant
if
reez
ing 
agents 
ma y 
be 
added a
ccordi
ng  t
o nee
d. The quanti
ti
es 
of 
addi
ti
ve 
and

dmi
xtur
e s
hal
l 
be 

ete
rmi
ned妙 t
est
s.

0. 

. 
4 
The 
wa
ter 

eme
nt 

ati
o of 

he 
ce
ment 
gr
out 

hal
l 
be 

ete
rmi
ned 

y t
he
ne
eds 
of 

he 
wor
ks, 

t 
may 

ake 

he 

alue 

f 1. 
0^-1
. 5, 
us
ual
ly 

. 0.
10. 3.5 Th e const r
uc t
ion ope r
a t
ions of bigh pressure j
et gro uting cons i
st 
of set

ting 
ma ch
ine y 
r i
n  posit
ion, sinking gro uti
ng  t
ube s, 
gr outi
ng,  pul l
ing out tubes and
wa s
hing  t
he m.
10. 3.‘The  drill
ing ma chine should  n
ot  be i
nstal
le d 
too far f r
om  t
he  high p
r es

sure 
gr outi
ng  pump.  The devi ati
on of the po s
iti
on of dril
led hol es fr
om  their 
des i
gn

o ca
tions sha l
l not be greater 
tha n 
5 0mm.  The  actual 
h ol
e positions, hol e 
depths and
the 
situations inside the hole
s  such as under ground obs t
acles, ca vit
ies, wa t
er blow-

ng-i n,  l
ea kage an d wha t 
differs 
f r
om  t
he given engineering ge ologica
l report shal

be 
recorde
d i
n det
ail

10. 3. 
7 The jet 
gr outi
ng cann ot  be c
a rri
ed 
out unt i
l the  grouti
ng tub e h
as been
penetra
t ed 
into the 
groun d wit
h it s no z
zle rea
chi
ng the de sign  l
evel. Aft
e r 
the gr
out-
ing 
parame ters 
ha ve r
e ached 
the  spe cif
ied val
ues, 
th e grout ing tube is 
li
fted acc
ord-
ing t
o the technological re
quireme nts of churni
ng,  oriente d grouting and swinging
grouti
ng  r
espe c
tivel
y,  with j
etti
ng  and grouting 
being  exec uted from the bottom to
the 
top of 
the hole. The  l
ap l
engt h of  t
he grouti
ng 
tu be sha ll be 
not les
s than i00mm
whe n 
the grouting t
ube  is 
li
fte
d  by  se c
ti
ons.
10. 3. 
8  For works  where t he  range  of 
str
engt hening  has to be extended or

tre
ngt
h h
as 

o 
be 

ais
ed, 

epe
ate
d s
pra
yin
g me
asu
res 
ma
y b
e a
dop
ted, 

. 
e. 

pra
yin


lea
n wa
ter 
at 

irs
t a
nd 

hen 

eme
nt 

rout 

or 
one 
or 

wo 

ime
s.

0.3,Whe
n unus
ual 

itua
tions 

uch 
as 

he 

udd
en 

rop 
or 

ise 

n pr
ess
ure 
or 

gre
at amo unt 
of gro ut fl
owi ng out 
in the pr
ocess o
f high press
ur e 
grouti
ng, the c
a us-
es 
for such oc
curr e
nc es 
shal l 
be i
dentifie
d and meas ure
s shall 
be ti
me l
y t
ake n.
10. 11 0 
Up on  the c
ompl eti
on of 
high pressur
e  gr
out i
ng, the 
grouti
ng tube shall
be 
pul le
d out t
o av oid the co ntra
ction due to s
ett
ing  o
f grout which af
fects t
he pi l


op l
e vel. Measures  such a
s  grouti
ng up to f
lowing out of 
grout o
r regr
outing may  be

aken  when necessar y.
10. 3. 
11 
For  t
he  t
reatme nt of ex
isting f
oundat i
on, me asure
s such as e
a rl
y se t


ing grou t 
churning  grouti
ng  wit
h  l
arge pil
e spaci
ng  f
o r 
every two pil
es as well as
・ 49 .

燕赞s


































rt



































 





 





 

















 










 









 










 



 
 
. 
 
 
1 
Hi
gh 

re
ss
ur


e 

. 
4 



t 








y 





st
g 


g 
ma
y 


nd 
e 










d 


at

y 

n-
me
th
ods 
su
ch 

s 
oo
et

ati
on, 
bo
ring 

ore
s,, 
st
anda
rd 

ene
tra
tio
n, 

oadi
ng 

est 

r wa
ter 
pr
ess
ure 

est
ing


蒸然于
然兰燕誉t 




e 
la








wi

g 





io



: 
at 
pl

ce
s 

he

e 
任。越〔Plu
nu

ua
l 



aces n
ts 
oc

ur

ed

w nere.

Ine.
.Com pacareo 
geol
OFl
ca c
ondi
tions 
may 
af
fect 

he 
nual
itv 


igh 

res
sur
e 
je
t 
gr
out

ng
1n:东 3 
The  n1t
number  est
ed 
poi
nts 

hal
l 
amoun
t t
o 2%一50

n of 

he 

rout
ec
hol
es: 
For 
works 
where 
the 
gr
out
ed 
hol
es 
ar
e le
s s 

ha n 
20,  at 

eas
t t
wo  points shal
be 
test
ed. 
The_
unsat
is
fac
tory 
hol
es 

hal
l“〔regrout
e出

0: 
4. 
4 Qual
it
y t
est
ing 
and 
ex
ami
nati
ora1
,at
1卜。 narri
rrl
:.
n t 
fn r 

nE.
alz'
c n(*o* +
k‘


ompl
eti
on 
of-
hi
gh-pr
ess
ure 
gr
out
ing.

So
ll
Unde
rpi
nni
ng 
met
hod

11. 
1 
Gener
al 

equi
reme
nts

1. 1. 
1 The und erp
in ni
ng method is s
uit
a bl
e f
or s
trengthe
ning,  i
ncr
e a
se of

torey number or extension of 
exi
s t
ing buil
dings, 
for 
foundati
on t r
eatment a
nd

trengtheni
ng of 

ootings of e
xist
ing b
uilding
s s
ubject
ed t
o the 
inf
luence of 

he con-
st
ruct
ion of 
under
ground  works,for 
ne w bui
ldi
ng pro
jec
t or t
he exc
a vati
on 
o f 
deep

ound
ati
on 

it.
11. 
1. 
2 The f
oll
owing 

nformat
ion 
shal
l 
be o
bt a
ined an
d wel
l 
stud
ied 
in 
wo
rki
ng

ut 

he 
desi
gn and c
onst
ruc
tio
n sc
heme of 
unde
rpinning:
1. 
Engi
neerin
g geol
ogi
cal 
and 
hydr
o ge
olog
ical 
da t
a of 
the 
si
te, 
suppl
eme
nta
ry

urve
y s
hal
l be 

arr
ied 

ut 
whe
n n
ece
ssa
ry;
2. 

nfor
mat
ion 

nd 

ata 
of 

he 

truc
tur
al 

esi
gn, 

onst
ruc
tion, 

ompl
eti
on, 

et-

le
men
t 
ob
ser
vat
io
n a
nd 

aus
es 

f d
ama
ges 

f 
th
e b
uil
di
ng 

o b
e u
nde
rpi
nne
d;
3. 

nv es
t i
gati
on ma terial
s 
on  t
h e 
possibl
e influences of 
t he 
unde rground pipe l
ines
within the 
site, a
djacent buil
dings and natural envi
r onme nt on the existi
ng buildings
during the e
xe cut
ion of underpinning 
an d af
te r 
the c o
mpl etion of t
he same.
11. 
1. 
3 One or 
s everal 
unde r
pinning me t
ho ds ma y be a
do pted in a
cc or
da nce with
the condit
ions of 
founda ti
on soil 
an d 
foundations of the existi
ng  buil
dings.
11. 
1: 
4 
The  construction 
mo nitor
ing during unde rpinning and the sett
leme nt ob-
ser
va ti
on after t
he comp leti
on of t
h e 
same  s
ha ll 
be stri
c t
ly performe d, and construc-

ion r e
cords shall 
be duly kept


1. 
2 
Und
erpi
nni
ng 

y pi
les
11. 2. 1 Unde rpinni
ng by  pil
es  can be  clas
sifi
ed as pit一t ype unde r
pinning by
sta
t ical
ly  j
acked pi l
es, 
underp inning  by sta ti
c a
ll
y jacked piles  with an
c hor rods, 
un-
derpinning  by cast 一in一s i
tu pi les 
and  und erpinning by root p attern 
pil
es .
Un de rpi
nning  by pil
es is  suit
a ble for  f
ound at
ion suc h  as  weak cohesive soi
l,
loo
s e sand y soil
, s at
urate
d loe ss, collapsibl e l
oess, 
plain fill 
and  misc
e ll
aneou s 
fi
ll.
The  single 
pile beari
ng c ap aci
ty of var ious 
kinds of piles  ma y 
be determined by
in-s itu loading t
e st 
or i
n ac
c or dance wi t
h r elate
d provis
io ns i
n  the Nati
o nal 
Standard
"Co de f
or  des i
gn of buil
ding found at i
ons  "GBJ  7一89 .
11. 
2. 2 Pit一t ype underpi nning by  s
t atical
ly j
acked pi l
es

: 
The 
pi
t一t
ype 
unde
rpi
nni
ng 
by 

tat
ica
lly 

acke
d pi
les 

s s
uit
abl
e f
or 

he 
unde
r-
・s1 .
















ta

















uc












 






 





do





 









 







nr
m 





 









 




th



 










 





m 


f.
 








 




ec


 









 




in




 



 






 


fo






 





 



te



 








 






ge

 
  
 







r 


f 

wi





Vui



h 




竖. 







3 














mm 

e 

.只,。


r 





1.til




e.

d 



tuurlps 

?. 
20 X2







g 



 





00

, 




y 





s 



侧y 



mm 
h g

h 






州p
underpi




t口 De ou

or 







e 







nni







ng.





h 
oy.


0mm 
C3(
nof 
)c
pi


g 
r.b






X3

e 

 
n 

s 





e 


stat
tr 

s 
an


mm 
us

1一3
ml
ds 

pr
d 


s 

nQ,


caly.]



as
as 



ab

t 

he 

pe

e 





aexeu pne:

nf
sha
ndi


or

s 
ng 


wi

d 
of 
upo

h 
anchor 

onc
st
n t

ti
he 







ns


e 

y 


rods

qua


uc


ke
e 
d 
pi

pi





r〕e认

ton  cl
ea ranc e he i
ght .  Steel 
tube s or 
rails 
ma y  also be  used  as  pil
e s ha fts
.  Ext ension
conn ect
ions  can  be  we lded or joined with sul ph uric c e
me nt .
3. Whe n t he de sign re q
uir e
s to 
a pply pr ec omp r
e ssion t o pil e
s,  the piles sha ll 
be

mme d
iat ely  anc hor ed  to the foundat i
ons be f or e unloa ding.  The  pr e compr e
s si
eni ng
frame  and  the  jacks  ca nnot be r e
mo ve d unt il the  conc rete  for  cl
os i
ng  pile top  has
reached  i
ts  de sign  stren gth. In case whe n pr e compr ess i
oni ng  of pile s is 
not  neede d,
the pil
e  j
ac ki ng  frame  can be remo ved  af
ter  the  de s
ign  de pt h an d the  force p ressing
the pil
e  ha ve  be en  reac hed, and  t
he pi l
e clos ing  treatme n t ca n  t
hen  be ca rr
ie d out.
Bef ore 
the  a nc hor age  of pile
s to the founda tio n soi l
, the  pile  tops sha ll 
be  c
ut  sho r

and ha cke d r ough.  The  wa l
ls 
of  t
he ho l
es for  pile  j
acki ng-i n  shall be  hac ked roug h
and c l
ean ed  of a ny impr ope r 
objects, and the n  sli
ght ly expa nsive  and  quick-ha rden-

ng  conc rete  of gra de C3 0 wil
l be placed.
11. 2. 
4  Under pinni ng by eas t
-i n一s itu  pi le

Unde rpi nni ng  by  cast一i n一s i
t u pi
l es  is s uitable  for  t he unde rpinni ng  and
strength ening  o f exist ing buildings wi t
h  clea r a
nc e  c
o nd iti
ons  r
eq uire d by  the  pil

sinking eq uipme nt.
The  sui tabi li
ty  condi tio
ns  f
or  v
a ri
ous  kinds  of unde rpinni ng  by  ca s
t一i n一s i
tu
pi
les 

houl
d me
et 

he 

oll
owi
ng 

equi
reme
nts;
1) Cast -in-s it
u s
crew piles 
are 
sui
table 

or geol
ogical 
co
ndit
ions 
with 
homoge-
neous cohesive 
so i
l 
and l
ow  g
roundwa ter 
le
vel;
2) Ca s
t 一in一s itu 
subme rged 
pil
es are 
sui
table f
or fo
undati
on suc
h as 
cohes
ive
soil
, muc k, muc ky 
soil 
and s
a ndy 
soil;
3)  Cast一i n一s i
tu pil
es with 
ma n一ex cav
ated hole
s are 
sui
table 
for 
geol
ogi
cal
condit
ions such  as 
above the 
gr o
und wa t
er l
evel o
r with so
il 
of l
ow permeabi
li
ty.
Whe
n t
he hole 
wal
l c
annot 

tand 
ver
tic
al, a
ddit
ional 
br
ickwor
k or 

onc
ret
e l
ini
ng

hal
l 
be 
pr
ovided 
to 
preve
nt 

he wa
ll 

rom coll
apse.
2. 
Ca st
一in-s i
tu under
pinning 
beams 
shal
l 
be prov
ide
d  a
t the p
ile 

ops 
to 

up-
port 
th
e col
umns a
nd wa l
ls 
of 
the bu
ild
ing 
af
ter 
the 
comple
tion of 
the 
cas
t一in-si
tu
pil
es.
11. 

. 5 
Under
pinning 
by root一pat
ter
n pi
les

. The 

oot
-pa
tte
rn 

ile
s ar
e s
uit
abl
e f
or 

he 

rea
tme
nt 
of 

ounda
tio
n s
oil 

nd
str
e n
gt he
ning of f
oundati
ons s
uch a
s r
esti
tuti
on 
and 
incr
ease 
of 

t o
rey 
number of 
ex-
is
ting bui
ldings, 
repair
ing 
and maki
ng g
ood of 
an
cie
nt bui
ldi
ngs, 
underpa
ssi
ng of 
un-
derground rail
road, bri
dge works a
s well a
s f
or rei
nfo
rci
ng t
he  s
tabi
li
ty of 
side

lop
es.

. Dur
ing 

he 

ons
truc
tion, 
di
ff
ere
nt 
bor
ing 
bi
ts, 
ang
les 
of 

ncl
ina
tio
n of 
pi
le
.53 ・

ole
s and 
hol
e pr
ote
cti
on 
me
tho
ds 

uri
ng 

ori
ni
‘ma
y b
e u
sed 

n 
ac
cor
dan
ce 
wi
th 


requi
rements 

f t
he 
wor
ks 

nd 

he 

tra
tiic
f a
tioic
ondi
ti
ons.
1n 
cas wh
en 
a 

ant
一。a
tt
er
n n
il
e。。,,through 
the 

oot
ing 
of 
an 
exi
sr,

布一













. 


t 
. 




2 
1 
f 








e 






t 
s 



g 







d 







f 
g 


d 
a{









一‘
SOIL, 
















 
g 



r 
y 











 



III! 







g 
n 
















g 






 







r 




v 
e 



ana . 

 



d 











ol


joess.
gr
outi
ng 
and 
cleavage 
grout
ing 

n cohesi
vs

共井 7
1.3
. 
54・
4 
Al
ka
li 
li
qu
id 
me
tho


. Al
kal
i 
li
qui
d me
thod 

wit
h s
olut
ion 
of 

odi
um 
hydr
oxi
de) 

s s
uit
abl
e f
or 



rea
tme
nt 

f f
oun
dat
ion 

f s
elf
-we
igh
t n
on 

oll
aps
e l
oes
s u
nde
r e
xis
tin
g b
uil
di
ngs

2. 
Dur i
ng t
he constructi
on, holes 
of 50^-7
0 mm  diamet e
r ar
e  dug out by usi
n;
the 
Luoyang s
poon or dr
ive n 
by st
eel 
pipe 
down to the 
predetermine d 
d e
pt h 
of 
treat
ment; 
fil
l s
mall 
pebbl e 
of grai
n si
ze 20一4 0mm into t
he hol e 
up to the level 
when
幼亏 the 
bot
t o
m end 
of 
li
q uid 
inject
ion 
pipe 
wi l
l 
reac
h; inser
t t
he inje
cti
on  pipe of 
di
ame t

20mm into 
the 
hole and fi
ll 
in s
ma ll 
pebble 
of 
gra i
n s
ize 5^- 2
0mm  around the pi
pr
wit
h a hei
ght 
of a
bo ut 200^- 3
00mm,  then f
il
l i
n  p
lai
n earth by layers and t
amp  i
dense.

The soluti
on i
n t
he 
inj
ection ta
nk may b
e heat
ed by 
vapour pi
ping 
or by 
fi
re 
un
de
r the 
tank bot
tom up 
to t
he  te
mpe ra
tur
e 80^-100'C. 
The s
o l
uti
on fl
ows by it
sel
an
d inf
il
trat
e i
nto t
he 
soi
l 
surroun di
ng t
he 
inj
ecti
on hole, 

orming t
hus a 
consol
idat
e(

olumn. The dosage 
of 

odium  hydroxi
de 
ma y 
be about 
3 

0n 
of t
he dry 
we i
ght 
of 
th<

oil 
mas
s c
ons
oli
dat
ed. 
Th
e c
onc
ent
rat
ion 

f t
he 

iq
uid 
ma
y b
e 1
00g/
1.
One row  of i
njec
ti
on holes  s
hall 
be a r
ranged on 
both 
sides or al
ong the peri
me te

of 
the f
oun dations, Hole 
spac ings 
c an 
be  determin
ed ac
cor ding to 
the treatment re

qui
rements.  Whe n 
it 
is 
requir ed 
that the consoli
dated 
sail mas se
s should be joi
nec
to
ge t
her, 
f ormi ng a 
whole p
ie ce, t
he n 
t he hole 
spaci
ng 
can  be 0. 
7-V0. 8m.
In 
order to  r
educe a
ddition al 
subsi
de nce duri
ng con
struc ti
on, the soluti
on shal
be 
inje
cted eve ry t
wo hole
s, t he i
njecti
on  order 
shal
l 
be re
a sona bl
y arr
a nged a
nd  t
he

ons
truc
tion 

peed 

hal
l 
be 

ont
rol
led 

o a
s t
o pr
eve
nt 

he 
wet
ted 

one
s f
rom 

inki
ng

ntn 
one 
wl,
nl,二二
。,

11. 
4 
Strenet
heni
ne 
of 
foundat
ion:
11. 
4. 
1 
Str
engt
heni
ng of 
fo
undati
ons 

s suit
abl
e f
or 
st
rengthen
ing the f
ounds-

ions 
of 
an 
exi
sti
ng 
bui
ldi
ng wher
e t
he 
bear
ing c
apac
ity 

s 
not 
enough t
o support 
the
bui
ldi
ng.
11
. 4. 
2 
Whe
n t
he 

ound
ati
ons 
ha
ve 

racke
d or 
ha
ve 

een 

ama
ged 
by 

aus
es

uch 

s 
me
cha
nic
al 

cti
on, 

neq
ual 
se
tt
le
men
t 
an
d f
ros
t 
he
ave, 

rou
ti
ng 
me
tho
d ma

be 
ad
opted t
o st
rengt
h en 
them. Ceme
nt gr
o ut 
or 

poxy 
resi
n can be 
used 
as 
grout

During 
the 
const
r uct
ion, 

oles 
may be 
bored 
or 
dri
ven 
in the f
ounda
tion
s. The
di
amet
er of 
the 
hole 
shall 
be 
great
er 
th
an that 
of 

he i
nj
ecti
on pipe 
by 2一3 mm. I
n-

ec
ti
on 

ipe
s o
f 
di
ame
ter 

5mm 

re 

et 

n 
the 

ole
s wi
th 

ole 

pac
ing
s 0
. 
5一1
. 
0m.
For 

ndi
vidu
al 

oot
ings, 
no
t l
ess 

han 

wo 
hol
es 

hal
l 
be 
pr
ovi
ded 

n e
ach 

ide 

her
e-
of. 
The 
pre
ssur
e f
or gr
outi
ng may 
be 
0. 
2一0. 

MPa.St
op gr
out
ing 
whe
n the 
in
jec

ti
on 
pi
pe 
has 
been 
li
fte
d'up 
to 
ta
'e 
de
pth 
ra
nge 
of 

. 
0-1. 
5m 
bel
ow t
he 
groun
d sur

升犷一一
气书之一
Cret

1 月 月 衬 w卜
。。几

,亏、。
,。,
、二,
二二,
。inr
rea
se 

he 

u仇b
er 

f s
tor
eys 

f a
n e
xis
ti
n#







e 








tq

g 








rt







 




hi
 

e 






 




on

 




 



e 


io

 








r 


a 






f 




s 
 

e 

 










 

od











it
d 
s 
 







e 


hf




 









ia
 







 



s 
eb



e 

 



d 



pm
 








 

b<
, 
 

几二
ma
y b
e u
sed 

o s
pee
d u
p 
A 千‘。。‘_ “‘


he 


__ ‘
。‘ .
ns

1_:
ru
cti
on.
___」 t _, - r
nnr
r。十
,ch
nnl
d be 

xec
ute
d by 

one

1.4
.5 
Wh
en 

he 

oc
al 

r 
se
par
at
e 
st
re
ngt
hen
ing 

f 
fo
und
ati
on 

oi
l 
an
d f
oun
da-

ions 
cannot 
sati
s f
y t
he requir
eme nts, 

hen pad or 
st
ri
p footi
ngs may be 
connected 
to

orm am onoli
thic mat 
foun day
ion or 
to 
alt
e r 
the 
ori
ginal 
mat foundati
on int
o a box

oundati
on. Structura
l connection members may als
o  be p
rovided to 
c o
nsti
t u
te a

o mpo
s i
te 
str
uc ture 
so 
as  t
o i
nc re
ase 
the 
structur
al 
rigi
dity 
and to 
overcome the i
n-

lue
nce 

f une
qual 

ett
leme
nt.

57

ppe
ndi
x 
1 -Es
sen
tia
l S
tip
ula
tio
ns 

or 
Lo
adi
ng
字i
tc 
t o
f Co
mpo
sit
e Fo
unda
ti
on

拼耳
拼李
1-
3 : 
Lo
than 
ad
in
two 
g 
ti
m ay 
m es 
be 
the 
di
vid
reaul
ed 


red 

o 8-
design 
12 
val
gr

ue.
de

and 

he 

otal 

oad 
shoul
d be 
not


























or

























na






 


Q 




 





 





dc

 
挤e
 
  
 g
m 


























































 

s 









 











 s














 






 







, 

认。,



 








 


 







 
e 

,S

 
 
 

ad
而二
a:



ie 
n.;



ex
t 

oc.



l.

e 
ca
tbe 
nec. 
anul
tl
ied 
when 
the 
.on n 7Sm r


ncr
ement 
of 
set
tlemen


: 
Th
e 
te
st 
ma
y 
be 

er
min
at
ed 
wh
en 

ne 

f 
th
e 
fo
ll
owi
ng 

hen
ome
na 

as 

ap
F 

re
d;
二、
e 


tt

vr

en
ti

cr

as

s 

br

ot

v 

it
h 


e 

oi
l 
sa
ue

se
d,

ut 
or 
cl

ar 
cr

ck



pe
ar 


z) 
ou呻
the 
he 
lo

aceumul

at

ng 
en 
pl
ate;_
amount 
r:
or 

er emen ha
ri s be
en 

lre
ady 
gr
eat
er 

han 
10% o

he 
mi
lt卜o
r di
ame
ter 
of 

he 

oadi
ng 

lat
e:


) 
Th
e 

ot

l 
va

ue 

f 

pp
li

d 
lo
ad
s 
ha
s 
be
en 
mo
re 
th
an 

wo 


mes 
th
e 
va

ue 







d 


rd


. 





y 

d 
hd
e 





e 


gv










ns 
g 


f 
ra

y 





e 
en



e 


ao





r 
ed 




h 

gh




e 



f 
 




el
s 




f 
it


g 
e 


na




e 

hq
e 




et






 

, 









haE 南


eco
me 

ta日e

7 T、‘子。,杯 1
。。病州 of 

he 
bas
ic 

alu
e of 
be
ari
ng 
ca
pac
ity 
of 

he’
compos
ite 

ounda

7、Whe
n t
her
e a
nne
ars 

lea
r o
roo
nrt
iona
lli
mit 

n t
he 
Q-s 

urv
e; 

hen 

he 

oaf
rnr
resnondi
nv 

o'surh 

irooort
ional 

imi
t may 
be 

aken
2) 
Whe
n t
he 
ul
tima
te 

oad 

an 
be 
de
ter
mine
d a
nd 

ts 
va
lue 

s l
ess 

han 
1. 
5 
ti
mes
the l
o ad va lue 
c orresponding  t
o  the prop ortiona l l
imit, the n  half the va l
ue of 
the  ulti

ma te l
oa d  ma y be ta
ke n;
3) De t
e r
mi na t
ion accord i
ng  to r
e lative d ef ormation  va lue;
(1) Comp os i
te 
founda ti
on  with vibr o-r e placeme nt  piles  (columns)  an
d  sand-
grave l 
pile s (c
ol umns) .
For  f ounda tion where  coh esive 
s oil is 
p re va i
li
ng,  the  loa d cor responding to  s/b
or s/d=0 . 
0 2 
ma y 
be taken  (wher e b  and d  a re  t
he widt h  or  diame te r 
of t
he loa ding
plate respe ctively) ; f
or f
ou nda t
ion whe r e 
s ilty  soi
l or s andy  soil is prevai
ling,  the
load corre spon ding to s/
b  or s" d=0.  015  ma y  be  t
aken.
(2)  For  c
ompo sit
e f
ounda ti
on wi th e a
rt h  compa ction  pi les, the  l
oad correspond -
ing to s/b  or s/d=0.  010^- C. 015 ma y  be take n;  f
or compo s i
t e f
ounda ti
on wit h lime
一s o
il comp action pile
s, the  l
o ad corre spondi ng  t
o s/b or  s /d=0.  008  may be take n.
(3) For  c
ompo sit
e foun da= i
on wi th de ep  mi x
ed piles  or  chur ning piles, 
the  load
correspo ndi ng to s/b or 
s/ d二。. 004^0.  010  ma y be t
a ke n.
8. The  numbe r of 
test poi nts s
ha l
l be  no t less t
ha n  thr ee,  whe n 
their 
e xtre me
d e
viations  sati
s fies 
the c
ond itio n t
ha t the y do  not e
xc eed  30/ 0u of the ave r
age va lue,
then  t
he ir average va l
ue ma y be  ta
ken  as  t
he  st andard va lue  of the be ari
ng capa c
it y o


he 
composi
te 

oundat
ion.

5(
Appe
ndi
x 2 
Expl
ana
tio
n o
f wor
ding 

n t
his 

tanda
rd

一1
赞or

er 

o 



uurm g 

t 


ff


rne 


nt
’呼t


m pe

sac
cord
in
emenratr
wor
ds 
g 
on 
de

o 

or 
not
he

tni

r 
s 
ng 
th
ind
ivi
d u
al
' 
cone,土h(
e di
ffe


ent 


de
cr







s 
ns
of

tri
ctne
ss 
of 
de
mands 
ar
e; 

xpl
ai
ned 
as 

oll
ows

1 
)Wo
rds 

eno
tin
g a 

ery 

tri
ct 
or 
ma
nda
tor
y r
equi
re
men

"mus
t" 


s us
ed 

or 
af
fi
rmat
ion;

mus
t n
ot' 

s 
us
ed 

or 

ega
ti
on

2)Wor
ds 
de
not
ing 
a 
st
ri
ct 

equi
reme
nt 
un
der 
no
rma
l c
ondi
ti
on:

_



) 

sW









一一







 







ns







a 










ci











 




 n
 



 





 


iw



t 


o 


 


ra
n 
  i
ndi
rati
nn.
.nf 
tl
,r 。 。、,













db




l 












si
 














 





.s



 







 








 e

s 
 



  
 
 
 n

















gi









e 
  
  us

ed 
pl

o 
at


ndi

vavt
ate 
n nr


hat 
arr



e 
an.

60
Addi
tional 
Not
es

Chi
ef 
Edi
tor
ial 
Uni
t, 
Par
tic
ipati
ng
Uni
ts 
and 
Main 
Draft
ing 
Staf

Chi
ef 
Edi
tori
l 
a Uni
t-.
Chi
na Ac
ade
my of 
Bu
il
ding 
Re
sea
rch
Zhe
ji
ang 
Unive
rsi
ty
Na
nji
ng 
Ac
ade
my 

f Hy
dra
uli
c 
Sc
ien
ce 
Re
sea
rch
Shanxi 
Provi
nci
al fns
tit
ute 
of 
Bui
lding Res
earch 
and 
Design
Academy of 
Sci
ence Resea
rch 
of 
the Miis
n try 
of 
Rail
ways
Academy of 
Buil
ding Rese
arc
h of 
the Mini
str
y of 
Metal
lurgy
Tongji 
Univer
sit

Nor
the
rn 

hao
Tong 
Uni
ver
sit

Ma
in 
Dra
fti
ng 
St
aff:
Zhang 
Yo ngj
un Ping Yongc
hao
(The 
fol
lowingna
ries 
are 
in 
the 
or
der 
of 

hei
r s
troke

of 
Chi
nes
e char
act
ers)
Wang Jjwang Ye 
Shul
in  Zhu 
Qingl
in Yang 
Canwen
Yang Honggui La
o Yusheng Zhou 
Gouj
un  Tang 
Yeqi
ng
Sheng Chongwe
n Pan Qiuyua

Tr
ansl
ate
d  by:
Lu Qian

Reviser:

Zha
ng 
Yon幻un

61
街 误 表

页 数 原 文 更 正

4 f
oundat
ion 
of 
mi
sce
lla
neous 

il
l mi
scel
laneous 

ill

5 日(℃ ) 0(
。)

12 s
il
t 
and 

he 

nti
ci
pat
ed s
il
t 
sa
nd 

nd 

he 

nti
ci
pat
ed

20 s
oil
-a
ggr
ega
te 

gra
vel
ly 

oil
), gr
ave
lly 

oil

20 S
oil
一agg
reg
ate
, 
5a记y 

oil
s gr
ave
ll
y s
oil
; 
sa
ndy 

oil
s, 

tc.

20
Th
e c
ompa
cti
on 
en
ergy 

or 
a The 

omp
act
ion 

ner
gy 

f u
nit

ing
le 

amp
ing 

n area in

You might also like