THE RLC CIRCUIT

Introduction:

This experiment aims to study the phenomenon of resonance in case of RLC circuit
where the current passing through the circuit reaches to its highest point. The voltages across
different elements of the circuit are measured to identify the point of resonance frequency. The
value of resonance frequency and the Inductance are measured and the associated errors are also
propagated.

Experiment Data:

.
Sample calculations:

Resonance frequency:

ω Th=
√ √
1
LC
=
1
( 45∗10 H )∗( 0.01∗10−9 F )
−3
=47140.5 Hz

√ 200 ∗47140
2
σω = =3333 Hz
Th
100

2π
ω Ex = =44879.9 Hz
0.00014

σ ω =5 %∗ωTh =0.05∗44879.9 Hz
exp

σ ω =2513 Hz
exp

Difference and %d:

Peak ω Ex=50265 Hz

´ Th−ω´Ex
Diffrence between ω Th∧ω Ex =❑ω

d=50265 Hz−47150 Hz

d=3125 Hz

√
σ d= ( σ ω Th
) + ( σ ω ) =√ 3333 Hz + ( 2513 Hz )
2 2
exp
2 2

σ d=4175 Hz

Discrpeacny 4175 Hz
%d= ∗100 %= ∗100 %
ω Ex 47140 Hz

%d=6.6 %
Calculating the value of inductance:

LTh=0.045 Hz

σ L =10 %∗0.045 Hz=0.005 Hz

Th

Lexp=SLope of the Xl versusW plot=0.0417 Hz

σ L =Error ∈slope of Xl versus W plot =0.044 Hz

exp

‘ d ’=∣0.045−0.0417 ∣

' d ’=0.087 Hz

√ 2
σ d= ( σ L ) + ( σ L
Th exp
)
2

σ d= √ 0.005 +0.044 =0.044 Hz

2 2

Discrpeacny 0.087 Hz
%d= ∗100 %= ∗100 %
ω Ex 0.042 Hz

%d=193 %

Discussion:

Table of results:

ω Th=47140.5± 3333 Hz
ω Ex =44879.9±=2513 Hz
diffrence=3125 Hz
error ∈ Diffrence σ d =4175 Hz
%d=6.6 %
LTh=0.045± 0.005 Hz
Lexp=0.0417± 0.044 Hz
 Diffrence ' d ’=0.087 Hz
Erro∈Diffrence σ d =0.044 Hz
%d=193 %

Results:

The actual value of angular frequency is calculated to be 47140.5 Hz with uncertainty of

3333 Hz. The peak experimental angular frequency is found to be 50265 Hz. This is the
measured angular frequency with an uncertainty of 2513 Hz. The value of discrepancy between
actual and measured value is 3125 Hz with error in discrepancy of 4175 Hz and the percent
difference of 6.6%. Since the value of discrepancy is lesser than the error in discrepancy , the
angular frequency measurements comes in agreement. Coming to the measurement of XL versus
omega gives the value of inductance. The actual value of inductance is found to be 0.045H with
an error of 0.005 H. The experimental value obtained from the slope of Xl versus Omega plot is
measured as 0.041H with possible uncertainty of 0.044 H. Upon comparison, the value of
discrepancy is found as 0.087 H and error in discrepancy of 0.044 H and percent difference of
193%. In here, the findings doesn't comes in agreement because the errors not comes within
acceptable limits.

When the signal frequency is increased to 40,000 Hz from 400 Hz, the amplitude of
voltage across resistor was found constant and it does not change with the change in frequency.
Only the Phase of VR increased with the increase in frequency. When the resonance frequency
occurs, the amplitude of both VR and VO are same and only the phase of the waveforms vary a
little. The maximum point on the fitted curve of current versus Log W signifies the resonance
frequency condition where the maximum current flows. Also, the physical significance of the
slope of XL versus W denoted the value of inductance. The type of error observed in 10% of L
denotes the random intrinsic error. The physics of the experiment is influenced by the condition
of resonance in RLC circuit where the magnitude of reactance across the inductance and the
capacitance are equal causing the current to reach maximum. The frequency at which this occurs
is mentioned as resonance frequency.
 The uncertainties in the experiment are influenced by errors such as systematic error,
random error, parallax and random intrinsic error. The measurements were disturbed by
systematic errors and the random intrinsic error is observed in electronic devices such as the
oscilloscope, resistor, capacitor and the inductance.

Conclusion:

The phenomenon of resonance in case of RLC circuit was successfully completed. The
voltages across different elements of the circuit are measured to identify the point of resonance
frequency and the actual and measured values were determined resonance frequency and
inductance. The errors were propagated and their sources were identified. This lab experiment is
a success.