Basics of Communication

Unit 1: Introduction to Communication

Elements and Process of

Communication

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 The Process of Communication
includes following Elements

• Sender (Transmitter)
• Message
• Encoding
• Channel
• Receiver
• Decoding
• Acting
• Feedback
 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

NOISE
MESSAGE
SENDER/TRA
NSMITTER

COMMUNICATION ENCODI
FEEDBACK
PROCESS NG

/ COMMUNICATION
ACTING RECEIVE CHANNEL

DECODING R

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 SENDER
TRANSMITTER

• He is the sender of the message or communicator.

• The communication process starts with the sender.
• He is the driving force to change the behaviour of
the receiver.
• In the case of the mechanical devices used for
communication, para transmitter is used as an
operator that transmit message.
Transmitter

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 MESSAGE

• Message is the subject matter of the

communication.
• It is a piece of information, spoken or written, to
be passed from one person to another.
• It may involve the idea, any fact,
opinion, figure, attitude, course of
action, orders, views, feelings, or
suggestions.
• It exists in the mind of the communicator.

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 SENDER MESSAGE

SYMBOLS

RECEIVING
Speaking Actions Listening
Drawing Numbers Observing
Acting Pictures Reading
Words
Writing

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 ENCODING / COMMUNICATION SYMBOLS

• The message or the subject matter of any communication is always

abstract and intangible.
• The process of conversion of the subject matter into symbols is called
encoding.
• The message intented has to be given a concrete shape by suitable
words or symbols clues that the sender utilizes in dispatching the
message.
• Encoding process translates the ideas, facts, feelings, opinions into
symbols, signs, words, actions, pictures and audio-visuals etc.
• It is upto the sender to select a medium he feels proper to
communicate effectively to the intended listener or receiver.

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 COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

• The transmitter has to select the channel for sending the information.
• It means the medium or media through which the message passes.
• The communicator has to decide how best he can pass the message and what
he has to convey.
• The words, symbols or signs selected should be transmitted to the receiver
or listener through certain channel/medium.
• The media can be written, oral, audio or audio-visual
media:
• Written media: letters, reports, manuals, circulars, notes, manuals,
questionnaires.
• Oral media: face-to-face communication, telephone, recording, radio meeting,
conference, seminars etc.
• Visual media: slides, hoardings, posters etc.
• Audio-visual media: TV, documentary etc.

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 RECEIVER

• There is always a receiver in the process of communication.

• Receiver is the person to whom the message is meant for by the
sender.
• Therefore, a receiver is the person who receives the message.
And effective communication process is not complete without the
existence of a receiver of the message.
• The receiver tries to receiver and tries to interpret, perceive,
understand and act upon the message.
• A responding or acting to the message is done by the receiver
only.

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 DECODING

• Decoding is a process of translation of an encoded

message into understandable language.
• It takes when the receiver employs any set of his/her
senses in the attempt to capture the message.
• The receiver converts the symbols, words, or signs
received from the sender to get the meaning of the
message.

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 ACTING

• It simply means that according to the

understanding of the message, the receiver
acts or implements the message.

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 FEEDBACK

• As communication is an exchange
process, the exchange to be
complete the information must
go back to the communicator, so
that he can know the reaction of
the receiver.

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