BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF * ALTHOUGH / DESPITE

Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :

 Clauses and phrases of concession:
Although/ Even though/ in spite of the fact that/ Despite of the fact that + MỆNH ĐỀ

Despite / in spite of + CỤM TỪ

Clauses and phrases of reason:

Because/ Since/ As/ Because of the fact that/ Due to the fact that + MỆNH ĐỀ

Because of/ Due to/ Thank to + CỤM TỪ

Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau:
1.Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun
2.Pronoun + be + adjThe/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj )
3. Pronoun + verb + (adv)The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb)
4.There be + Noun  The + Noun

1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau:

Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing (same Subject)
- Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING .
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.

2) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ

.Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun
- Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ to be
Although the rain is heavy,.......
=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ......

3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ :

Pronoun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj )
- Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be
Although He was sick,........
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,.......

4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ

Pronoun + verb + (adv) The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb)
- Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ
Although He behaved impolitely,.....
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,.........

5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ

There be + Noun  The + Noun
- Thì bỏ there be
Although there was an accident ,.....
=> Despite / in spite of an accident,......

6) Nếu câu có dạng : It (be) + tính từ về thời tiết

Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước.
Although it was rainy, .....
=> Despite / in spite of the rain, ……….
Các tính từ và danh từ thường gặp trong mẫu này là:

Foggy => fog ( sương mù ) Rainy => rain (mưa)

Snowy => snow (tuyết) Stormy => storm ( bão)

7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + p.p ( câu bị động)

=> Đổi p.p thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước và of phía sau, danh từ câu trên đem xuống để sau of
Although television was invented, .....
=> Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ……….

8 ) the fact that trước mệnh đề.

Although he behaved impolitely,.....
=> Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely,.....
- Áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE BECAUSE OF
EXERCISES:
1. Although she was ill, she went to school.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
2. He didn’t come because he was sick.
 He didn’t come because of.........................................................................................................
3. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
  Despite ........................................................................................................................
4. The train was late because the fog was thick.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
5. I accepted the job although the salary was low.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
6. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
7. She stay at home because her mother was sick.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
8. He didn’t leave school even though his family was poor.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
9. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
Because of ........................................................................................................................
10.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
11. We couldn’t study because it was noisy.
Because of ........................................................................................................................
12. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
13. These students didn’t arrive late although there was the traffic jam.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
14. Mary can’t sleep because there was the noise.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
15. She didn’t get ill though she worked very hard.
In spite of ........................................................................................................................
16. His wife usually gives him a list because he often forgets things.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
17. Though he had much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
18. Though Kid has failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
19. Though I hadn’t eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
20. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
 He ate all the fruits despite.........................................................................................................
21. He left school because his life was hard.
 Because of
22. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
23. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
 Because ........................................................................................................................
24. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
 Because ........................................................................................................................
25. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
26. Because he got up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
27. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
28. My neighbour couldn’t return home because of losing all of his money.
Because ........................................................................................................................
29. He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
 Because ........................................................................................................................
30. I can sleep although it is hot.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
 I couldn’t do the test because of................................................................................................
32. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
33. Because of not knowing Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
 Because ....................................................................................................................................
34. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
35. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
Despite. ........................................................................................................................
36. Because of having an accident, these students arrived late.
Because ........................................................................................................................
37. Nick is often punished because he is lazy.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
38. We bought the house though its rooms were small.
 We bought the house despite......................................................................................................
39. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving.
 Because ........................................................................................................................
40. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
41. Although he had planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
42. She ate much because of her hunger.
 Because ........................................................................................................................
43. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................
44. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
45. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
 In spite of ........................................................................................................................
46. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
 Even though ........................................................................................................................
47. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed.
 Because of ........................................................................................................................
48.Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row.
 Because ........................................................................................................................