1.

Determinar limites das funções:

3
√𝑥 −1
a) lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
√

Resolução:
3 3
√𝑥 − 1 √1 − 1 0
lim = lim =[ ]
𝑥→1 √𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 √1 − 1 0
0
Tivemos uma indeterminação do tipo [0]. O tratamento dessa indeterminação é dado a baixo

Sabemos que 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) e 𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 = (𝑐 − 𝑑)(𝑐 + 𝑑)

3
Seja 𝑎 = √𝑥 , 𝑏 = 𝑑 = 1, 𝑐 = √𝑥
2
(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) = ( 3√𝑥 − 1) ( 3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 − 1

(𝑐 − 𝑑)(𝑐 + 𝑑) = (√𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 − 1

3 2 3
3
√𝑥 − 1 ( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) 3√𝑥 − 1 𝑥−1
lim = lim = lim
𝑥→1 √𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 3 2 2
( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) √𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 ( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) (√𝑥 − 1)
3 3 3

(𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1)
lim 2 = lim 2
𝑥→1 3 3 𝑥→1 3 3
( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) (√𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) ( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 1)

Eliminamos então o (𝑥 − 1), daí teremos eliminado a indeterminação

(𝑥 − 1)(√𝑥 + 1) (√𝑥 + 1)
lim 2 = lim 2
𝑥→1 3 3 𝑥→1 3 3
( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 1) ( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1)

(√𝑥 + 1) (√1 + 1) 1+1 2

lim 2 = lim 2 = =
𝑥→1 3
( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1)
3 𝑥→1 3 3
(√1 + √1 + 1) 1+1+1 3

3 3
√𝑥+ℎ − √𝑥
b)lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

Resolução:
0
=[ ]
0
3
Este limite é na verdade a derivada da função 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 , porém não iremos calcular de forma
directa.

Sabemos que 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) e 𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 = (𝑐 − 𝑑)(𝑐 + 𝑑)

 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
(√𝑥 + ℎ − √𝑥 )(√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 ) (𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑥
lim 2 2
= lim 2 2
ℎ→0 3 3 3 3 ℎ→0 3 3 3 3
ℎ (√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 ) ℎ (√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 )

ℎ 1
lim 2 2
= lim 2 2
ℎ→0
ℎ (√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 ) ℎ→0 (√𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ + √𝑥 )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 1
= 2 2 = 3 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
( √𝑥 + 0 + √𝑥 √𝑥 + 0 + √𝑥 ) ( √𝑥 + √𝑥 √𝑥 + √𝑥 )
1 1
= 2 2 2 = 3 2
3 3 3
( √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 ) 3 √𝑥

c) lim [√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥]
𝑥→∞

Resolução:

lim [√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥] = [∞ − ∞]
𝑥→∞

[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥] [√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥]
lim [√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥] = lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞
[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥]
[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2)√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥 2 ]
= lim
𝑥→∞
[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥]
[𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥 2]
= lim
𝑥→∞
[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥]

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 2𝑥 2𝑥
lim = lim = lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 2 𝑥→∞
[√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥] [√𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑥]
[√𝑥 2 (1 + ) + 𝑥]
𝑥
2𝑥 2𝑥 2
= lim = lim = lim
𝑥→∞ 2 𝑥→∞ 2 𝑥→∞ 2
[𝑥 √(1 + 2) + 𝑥] 𝑥 [√(1 + 𝑥 ) + 1] [√(1 + 𝑥 ) + 1]
2 2
= lim = =1
𝑥→∞
[√(1 + 0) + 1] 2

d) lim [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥]

𝑥→∞

Resolução:

lim [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥] = lim [√𝑐∞2 + 𝑎∞ − √𝑐∞2 + 𝑏∞] = [∞ − ∞]

𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞

Pelo par conjugado temos

 2 2
[√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥][√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥] [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 ]
lim = lim
𝑥→∞ [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥] 𝑥→∞ [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥]

[(𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥) − (𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥)] [(𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥) − 𝑐𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥]

= lim = lim
𝑥→∞ [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥] 𝑥→∞ [√𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥]

[(𝑎𝑥) − (𝑏𝑥)] [(𝑎𝑥) − (𝑏𝑥)]

= lim = lim
2
𝑥→∞ [√𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + √𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥]2 𝑥→∞ 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥
[√𝑥 2 ( 2 + 2 ) + √𝑥 2 ( 2 + 2 )]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
[(𝑎𝑥) − (𝑏𝑥)]
= lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥
[√𝑥 2 √( 2 + 2 ) + √𝑥 2 √( 2 + 2 )]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
[(𝑎𝑥) − (𝑏𝑥)] 𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏)
= lim = lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑎 𝑏
[𝑥 √( 2 + 2 ) + 𝑥 √( 2 + 2 )] 𝑥 [√𝑐 + 𝑥 + √𝑐 + 𝑥 ]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎−𝑏
lim =
𝑥→∞ 𝑎 𝑏 2√𝑐
[√𝑐 + 𝑥 + √𝑐 + 𝑥 ]

2.Deteriminar a derivada das Funções:

𝑡2
a) 𝑔(𝑡) = 3
√𝑡 3 +1

Resolução:

Para resolver este exercício usaremos a regra da derivada do quociente que é:

𝑢(𝑥) 𝑢′ (𝑥). ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑢(𝑥). ℎ′(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = → 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
ℎ(𝑥) [ℎ(𝑥)]2

Nesse caso,

3
1 ′
2
(𝑡 )′.
3
√𝑡 3 +1−𝑡 2 3
. (√𝑡 3 + 1)′ 2𝑡 2−1 . √𝑡 3 + 1 − 𝑡 2 . ((𝑡 3 + 1)3 )
𝑔′(𝑡) = 2 = 2
3 3
(√𝑡 3 + 1) (√𝑡 3 + 1)
1 1
2𝑡 2−1 . √𝑡 3 + 1 − 𝑡 2 . 3 (𝑡 3 + 1)′(𝑡 3 + 1)3−1
3

= 2
3
(√𝑡 3 + 1)
1 1
2𝑡 2−1 . √𝑡 3 + 1 − 𝑡 2 . 3 (3𝑡 3−1 + 0)(𝑡 3 + 1)3−1
3

= 2
3
(√𝑡 3 + 1)
2
3 1
2𝑡 √𝑡 3 + 1 − 𝑡 2 . 3𝑡 2 ( 3 3 )
= 3√𝑡 + 1
3 2
( √𝑡 3 + 1)
 3𝑡 2
2𝑡(𝑡 3 + 1) − 𝑡 2 . 3 2𝑡 4 + 2𝑡 − 𝑡 4 𝑡 4 + 2𝑡
2 3 2 = 4 = 4
3 3 3
(√𝑡 3 + 1) (√𝑡 3 + 1) (√𝑡 3 + 1) (√𝑡 3 + 1)
𝑥+1
b) 𝑦 =
√𝑥 2 −3

′
(𝑥 + 1)′ √𝑥 2 − 3 − (𝑥 + 1)(√𝑥 2 − 3)′
𝑦 = 2
(√𝑥 2 − 3)
1 1
(𝑥 + 1)′√𝑥 2 − 3 − (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 3)′ ( (𝑥 2 − 3)2−1 ) ′
2
= 2
𝑥 −3
1 1 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
(1 + 0)√𝑥 2 − 3 − (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 0) (2 (𝑥 2 − 3)−2 ) √𝑥 2 − 3 −
= = 2√𝑥 2 − 3
𝑥2 − 3 𝑥2 − 3
2
2(√𝑥 2 − 3) − 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 2(𝑥 − 3) − 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 2𝑥 − 6 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
2 2
= = =
(𝑥 2 − 3)2√𝑥 2 − 3 (𝑥 2 − 3)2√𝑥 2 − 3 (𝑥 2 − 3)2√𝑥 2 − 3
6 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 − 6 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −6 − 2𝑥 2 (2 + 2 ) 2(3 + 𝑥)
= =− =−
(𝑥 2 − 3)2√𝑥 2 − 3 √(𝑥 2 − 3)3 √(𝑥 2 − 3)3 √(𝑥 2 − 3)3
𝑡 2 −1
c) 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 +1

(𝑡 2 − 1)′(𝑡 2 + 1) − (𝑡 2 − 1)(𝑡 2 − 1)′ (2𝑡 2−1 − 0)(𝑡 2 + 1) − (𝑡 2 − 1)(2𝑡 2−1 + 0)

𝑦′ = =
(𝑡 2 + 1)2 (𝑡 2 + 1)2
(2𝑡 )(𝑡 + 1) − (𝑡 − 1)(2𝑡) (2𝑡 + 2𝑡) − (2𝑡 3 − 2𝑡)
2 2 3
= =
(𝑡 2 + 1)2 (𝑡 2 + 1)2
2𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 4𝑡
= 2 2
= 2
(𝑡 + 1) (𝑡 + 1)2
(𝑥+1)2
d) 𝑓"(𝑥) =
1+𝑥 2

′′′ (𝑥)
(𝑥 + 1)2 ′(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − (1 + 𝑥 2 )′(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑓 =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2(𝑥 + 1)2−1 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) − (0 + 2𝑥 2−1 )(𝑥 + 1)2
=
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2(𝑥 + 1)(1 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)2 (2𝑥 + 2)(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥(𝑥 + 1)2
2)
= =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
3 2 2
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥(𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1)
=
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)
3
=
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 + 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −3𝑥 2 + 2
=
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
 1 2
3.a) ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

1 2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 −
1
∫ (𝑥 2 + + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ + ∫ = ∫ 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 −3
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 √𝑥 𝑥3 √𝑥
1 1
𝑥 2+1 𝑥 −3+1 𝑥 −2+1 𝑥 3 𝑥 −3+1 𝑥 2 𝑥3 1
= + + = + + +𝐶 = − 2 + 2√𝑥 + 𝐶
2 + 1 −3 + 1 − + 1 1 3 −2 1 3 2𝑥
2 2
b) ∫(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 3 )𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑎𝑥 3 𝑏𝑥 6
∫(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 3 )𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 5 )𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
3 6
c) ∫(√𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − √𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥

∫(√𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − √𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = ∫(√𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫(√𝑥 + 1)(√𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

2
∫(√𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (√𝑥 − 12 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(√𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑥 − 1 )𝑑𝑥

3 3 2
3 3 𝑥 2+1 𝑥 2+2
∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑥 − 1 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑥+𝐶 = +𝑥+𝐶
3 3 2
2 + 1 +
2 2
5
𝑥2 2 5
= + 𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
5 5
2
3
d) ∫ √(2 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Resolução:

Para a resolução deste exercício teremos de recorrer a substituição simples, portanto:

𝑑𝑢
Seja 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑢 ⇔ 𝑑𝑥 = − 3

1 13+1 1 13+33 1 43 1 43
1 3 1 1 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
− ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = − 3 + 𝐶 = −3 +𝐶 =−3 + 𝐶 = −3 × 3 + 𝐶
3 3 1 1 3 4 4
+1 + 3
3 3 3
4
𝑢3
=− +𝐶
4
Mas 𝑢 = 2 − 3𝑥, logo

3 1 4 1 3
∫ √(2 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − (2 − 3𝑥)3 + 𝐶 = − (2 − 3𝑥) √2 − 3𝑥 + 𝐶
4 4