FIITJEE

Qualitative Analysis

Dilute H 2SO 4 Concentrated H 2SO 4

CO 32- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + H 2O + CO2 F- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + 2HF

Colouless, tasteless
Odourless, non combustible White waxy solid on rxn with glass
Brisk effervesence, Turns lime water milky (Etching of glass)

SO 32- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + H 2O + SO2 SiO2 + HF SiF 4 + 2H2O

Colouless, Burning sulphur,
Brisk effervesence, Turns lime water milky
Reducing nature
S2- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + H 2S X- + H 2SO 4 SO2 + H 2O + X2
Colouless, Rotten egg smell,
Combustible, Reducing nature Cl2 - Greenish yellow
Br 2 - Brown vapours
I 2 - Violet vapours
CH 3COO- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + CH 3COOH
Vinegar smell
MnO 2 + 4HX MnX 2 + X2 + 2H2O
CN- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + HCN
Highly Toxic C2O42- + H 2SO 4 H 2C2O4 + HSO 4-

S2O32- + HCl H 2S2O3 + 2 Cl-

H 2O + CO2 + CO

H 2O + SO2 + 1/8 S8
BO 33- + H 2SO 4 H 3BO 3 + HSO 4-
White fumes
NO 2- + H 2SO 4 SO 42- + HNO 2

3HNO2 HNO 3 + H 2O + 2NO NO 3- + H 2SO 4 HSO 4- + HNO 3

2NO + O2 2NO2 HNO 3 NO 2 + H 2O + O2

(Brown gas) (Brown gas)

I -B II - B
Precipitation reaction Redox reaction
(SO 42-, PO 43-, AsO43-) (CrO 42-, Cr2O72-, MnO 42-, MnO 4-)

HgCrO 4
Pb 2+ Ba 2+ Yellow PPT
PbSO 4 SO 4 2- BaSO 4
White PPT White PPT
Fe 3+ Ag+ Pb 2+ Ag+
FePO 4 Ag3PO 4 PbCrO 4 CrO4 2- Ag2CrO4
PO 43-
Yellow PPT Red PPT
Light yellow White PPT
Mg 2+ Ba 2+
NH 4OH
BaCrO 4
Mg(NH 4)PO4 Yellow PPT

CrO42- + H+ Cr2O72- + OH-

PO 4 3- + 12(NH 4)2MoO 4 + 21HNO3 Yellow Orange
acidic Mn 2+ Colourless
neutral
(NH 4)3PO 4.12MoO 3 + 21NH4NO 3 + 12H 2O MnO 4- MnO 2 Black
Purple
basic MnO 42- Green

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
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CO32-
Ba2+ BaCO3
Ca2+ CaCO3
Mg2+ MgCO3
White PPT
Zn2+ ZnCO3 . Zn(OH)2
Pb2+ PbCO3 . Pb(OH)2
Ag+ Ag2CO3
Cu2+ CuCO3 . Cu(OH)2 Green PPT
Hg2+ HgCO3 . HgO Brown PPT

SO32-
Ba2+ BaSO3 (dissolve in mineral acid)
Ag2+ Ag2SO3 White PPT
Pb2+ PbSO3
Hg2+ HgSO3

S2-
Pb2+ PbS
Hg2+ HgS
Ag+ Ag2S Black PPT
Bi3+ Bi2S3
Cu2+ CuS
Co2+ CoS
As3+ As2S3
Yellow PPT
Cd2+ CdS
Zn2+ ZnS White PPT
MnS MnS Buff PPT
Sb3+ Sb2S3 Orange PPT
Na 2S + Na 2[Fe(CN) 5(NO)] Na 4[Fe(CN) 5(NOS)]

NO2-
Ag+ AgNO2 White PPT
NO2- + OA → NO3-
NO2- + I- → I2 | Starch + I2 → Iodo-Starch (Deep Blue colour)

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
FIITJEE

CH3COO-
Ag+ CH3COOAg (White PPT)
Fe3+ Fe(OAc)3 (Blood Red)

F-
Ca2+ CaF2 (White PPT)

Cl-
Ag+ AgCl White PPT (soluble in NH4OH and reappears in HNO3)
Pb2+ PbCl2 White PPT (soluble in hot water)
Hg22+ Hg2Cl2 White PPT
Cl- + OA Cl2 + P

Br-
Ag+ AgBr Pale yellow PPT (soluble in NH4OH and reappears in HNO3)
Pb2+ PbBr2 White PPT (soluble in hot water)
Hg22+ HgBr2 White PPT

I-
Ag+ AgI Pale yellow PPT (soluble in NH4OH and reappears in HNO3)
Pb2+ PbI2 Yellow PPT (Colorless with excess I- [PbI2]2-)
Hg22+ HgI2 White PPT
Bi3+ BiI3 Black PPT

C2O42-
Ag+ Ag2C2O4 White PPT
Fe3+ Fe2(C2O4)3 Brown PPT
Cd2+ CdC2O4 White PPT

NO3-
NO 3- + H 2SO 4 HSO 4- + HNO 3

FeSO 4 + HNO 3 Fe 2(SO 4)3 + 4H2O + NO

[Fe(H 2O)6](SO4) + NO [Fe(H 2O)5(NO)](SO 4) + H 2O

Brown ring test

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com