'05.

Food and humans

Q&A

1. What is meant by holozoic nutrition? (1)

何謂動物式營養?
Consumption of complex food which is broken down inside the
organism into simple molecules which are then absorbed.
攝⼊有機⾷物，⾷物在體內消化成簡單的分⼦，然後透過擴散作⽤吸
進體內。
2. Why is food important to us? (3)

⾷物對我們有甚麼重要性?
1. It provides energy for activities and keeps us warm.
提提活動所需能量和保持體溫。
2. It provides us with raw materials for growth and repair.
提提原料，⽤作⽣⻑和修補破損組織。
3. It contains substances that are important for maintaining health.
提提營養素，保持⾝體健康。
3. What substances does food contain? (7)

⾷物含有那些物質?
7 types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary
種 碳⽔化合物、脂肪、蛋⽩質、維⽣素、礦物質、
fibre and water. 7 :
⾷⽤纖維和⽔。

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 4. What is meant by balanced diet?

何謂均衡飲⾷?
A balanced diet should contain enough carbohydrates, protein ands
fats (6:3:1) and enough vitamins, minerals and water so as to
maintain health, growth and repair, with enough roughage (dietary
fibre) to stimulate the peristalsis of guts.
均衡飲⾷是指膳⾷中含有⾜夠的碳⽔化合物、蛋⽩質和脂肪 及 (6:3:1)
⾜夠的維⽣素和⽔分以維持健康及⽣⻑，有⾜夠的⾷⽤纖維刺激腸的
蠕動。
5. Why do we need a balanced diet?

為甚麼膳⾷要均衡?
A balanced diet maintains good health and supplies the right amount
of energy for body activity.
為了保持體魄強健，並為活動提供所需的能量。
6. State the function of vitamin A and the result of deficiency.

說出維⽣素A的功能及缺乏它的症狀。
For the building of visual purple in the rod cells of the eye.
形成視網膜上視桿細胞的⾊素 視紫紅質 ( )
Night-blindness
夜盲症
7. State the function of vitamin C and the result of deficiency.

說出維⽣素C的功能及缺乏它的症狀。
Maintenance of healthy epithelium and wall of blood vessels, healing
of wounds.
維持健康的上⽪組織及微⾎管壁，使傷⼝癒合。
Scurvy
壞⾎病
8. State the function of vitamin D and the result of deficiency.

說出維⽣素D的功能及缺乏它的症狀。
1. Increase absorption of calcium and phosphorus at the intestine.
Proper formation of bone and teeth.
增加鈣質及磷質的吸收，幫助形成正常的⾻骼及⽛⿒。

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 2. Rickets
佝僂病
9. Why is it not advised to take too much fat-soluble vitamins?

為什麼我們不宜進⾷過量脂溶性維⽣素?
Excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins is undesirable because they
are not readily excreted in
urine. They may accumulate in the body to reach toxic levels which
are harmful to the body.
我們不宜進⾷過量脂溶性維⽣素，因為脂溶性維⽣素不容易經尿液排
泄，它們會積聚在體內
達致毒性⽔平，使⾝體受損。
10. State the function of calcium and the result of deficiency.

說出鈣的功能及缺乏它的症狀。
1. Building of bones and teeth. Blood clotting.
建造⾻骼及⽛⿒、凝⾎
2. Rickets, Bleeding
佝僂病、出⾎
11. State the function of iron and the result of deficiency.

說出鐵的功能及缺乏它的症狀。
1. Forms haemoglobin.
形成⾎紅素
2. Anaemia
貧⾎
12. What is roughage?

什麼是粗糙⾷物?
1. The indigestible material in food.
在⾷物中不能被消化的物質。
2. Contain mainly cellulose.
主要含有纖維素。
13. What is the function of roughage and the result of deficiency?

粗糙⾷物有什麼功⽤，缺乏它有什麼症狀?

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 1. Stimulated muscular movement along the gut.
能刺激腸的蠕動。
2. Deficiency leads to constipation.
缺乏會引起便秘。
14. What food stuff should be increased in children diet?

兒童需要吃多些何種⾷物?
1. Children need more proteins, calcium and iron for building new
tissues.
兒童需要多些蛋⽩質、鈣質及鐵質去形成新組織。
15. Why is the energy requirement per unit body mass decreases from age 4 to
20?

為什麼每單位體重所需的能量從四歲⾄⼆⼗歲逐漸下降?
1. Reasons : In a younger person
理由：在年輕⼈：
2. the metabolic rate is faster ;
代謝率較快。
3. the growth rate is faster; and
⽣⻑率較快。
4. the body size is smaller and so the relative surface area is larger.
The relative heat loss is also greater so that more energy is required
to maintain a high body temperature.
體積較細，⾝體表⾯積相對較⼤，故此，熱量的散失相對地較多，需
要較多的能量以維持體溫。
16. Why does a male expend more energy than a female?

為什麼男性⽐⼥性消耗更多的能量?
1. (1) The male may have a higher metabolic rate.
男性有較⾼的代謝率。
2. (2) The male is more muscular.
男性擁有更多肌⾁。
17. Explain why does a labour need more food than a clerk?

解釋為什麼勞⼯較⽂員需要吃多些⾷物?

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 1. Labour doing more muscular activities requires more energy. A
construction worker requires more energy than an office worker. The
former needs a diet rich in carbohydrates to supply energy, and
proteins for muscle development.
勞⼯需要較多能量，⼀個修路⼯⼈較⽂員需要更多能量。他們的膳⾷
應多含碳⽔化合物和蛋⽩質，以提提⾜夠的能量作勞動和令肌⾁發
展。
18. Explain the dietary requirement of a pregnant woman.

解釋懷孕中的⼥⼈的膳⾷需求?
1. more calcium in her diet for the growth of the bones of the foetus.
更多鈣質以幫助胎兒的⾻骼⽣⻑。
2. more food (energy) for the body growth and respiration of the foetus.
更多⾷物 能量 以提胎兒⽣⻑及呼吸。
( )

19. State and explain a test for protein.

說出並解釋⼀個蛋⽩質測試。
1. Albustix paper test: Dip the yellow end of Albustix paper into the
sample.
Positive result: A green colour appears
尿蛋⽩試紙額測試 將試紙⿈⾊的⼀端浸⼊樣本。
:
陽性反應 呈現綠⾊ :

20. State and explain a test for fats.

說出並解釋⼀個脂肪測試。
1. Spot test: Put a drop of food on a filter paper

2. Positive result: A permanent translucent spot appears

油漬試驗: 提⼀塊⾷物在濾紙上。
陽性反應: 有⼀恆久的半透明斑點出現
21. State and explain a test for reducing sugars.

說出並解釋⼀個還原糖測試。
1. Benedict's test: Add 1 ml of Benedict's solution to the food and boil
Positive result: An orange precipitate
本⽴德試驗 加⼀毫升本⽴德試劑進⾷物然後煮沸
:
陽性反應 有橙紅⾊沉澱物
:

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 22. State and explain a test for starch.

說出並解釋⼀個澱粉測試。
1. Iodine solution test: Add 1 drop of iodine solution to the food.
Positive result: A blue black colour
碘液試驗 加⼀滴碘液進⾷物
:
陽性反應 呈現藍⿊⾊:

23. State and explain a test for vitamin C.

說出並解釋⼀個維⽣素C測試。
1. DCPIP test: Add food solution drop by drop to the DCPIP solution to
see if it is decolourized.

2. Positive result: DCPIP solution becomes colourless.

⼆氯酚靛酚試驗 將⾷物溶液逐滴加⼊: DCPIP 溶液，看可否將DCPIP
脫⾊。
陽性反應: DCPIP溶液變成無⾊

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