Learning Area ENGLISH FIVE

W3-5 Quarter FOUR Date

I. LESSON TITLE Using Graphic Organizers in Writing Paragraphs Showing: Cause and Effect,
Comparison and Contrast and Problem Solution Relationships
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Write paragraphs showing: cause and effect, comparison and contrast and
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) problem solution relationships EN5WC-IIb-2.2.5
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Writing paragraphs showing: cause and effect, comparison and contrast and
problem solution relationships
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: 3 minutes)

This guide was designed and written for you to learn how to write paragraphs showing cause and effect, comparison
and contrast and problem-solution relationships.

Learning this is important because it fosters your ability to explain and refine your ideas to others and ourselves. It also
equips us with communication and thinking skills.

As you go on in developing your skill in writing paragraphs showing cause-effect, comparison-contrast and problem-
solution relationships, you will also improve your skills in planning two to three-paragraph composition using outlines and graphic
organizers in texts read.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

❖ write paragraphs showing cause and effect, comparison and contrast and problem-solution relationships.
❖ plan two to three paragraph composition using outlines and other graphic organizers
❖ using appropriate graphic organizers in texts read.

II. Development (Time Frame: 25 minutes)

A paragraph is a brief piece of writing that has a topic sentence and supporting sentences that are closely related
to the topic sentence.

To begin with, let us see how cause and effect paragraph is written. When writing a cause-effect paragraph, you
may first list your ideas in a graphic organizer like the one below.

To indicate causes and effects, the following transitional or signal words/phrases may be used.

Causes Effects
the first cause/reason (second, third) one important effect
because another result
is caused by an outcome
result from as a resulted from
consequently
then next, therefore, thus so
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Here is a sample of cause and effect paragraph:

Air pollution may be due to a lot of factors, the most commons of which are caused by exhaust gases from vehicles,
factory gas emissions, and natural events. Exhaust gases from vehicle have continuously dominated the air, especially in
highly urbanized towns and cities, mainly because the government lacks control and citizens prefer convenience to the
harmful effects. Likewise, the government has not exercised good control over the location of factories that emit gas
elsewhere. Most often than not, air pollution is caused by natural events such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind
erosion and pollen dispersal.

What is the paragraph about?

What does the key sentence introduce?
How many causes of air pollution are stated?

This paragraph shows cause and effect, explaining reasons and results of events, situations, or trends. It particularly uses the
pattern one effect → multiple causes.
The second example of comparison and contrast paragraph. Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while
Contrast in writing discusses elements that are different.
When writing a comparison-and-contrast paragraph, you should remember the following tips:
Similarities

Differences
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Steps in writing a comparison-contrast paragraph
1. Choose the people or things (subjects) you want to describe.
2. Organize similarities and differences of your two subjects in a Venn diagram.
3. Use the transition or signal words that show similarities, such as like, similarly, and both; and differences, such as but,
however, while and on the other hand.
Here is a sample of comparison and contrast paragraph:
Rice terraces and plain rice fields are alike in a few ways and different in many others. Both are prepared paddy
areas for planting rice and perhaps, other crops. These two farmlands can be irrigated so that plants may have enough
water to thrive. However, rice terraces are pieces of sloped planes that have been cut into steps. They are commonly
used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. On the other hand, plain rice fields or paddies are flat and wide surfaces of
land, usually easy to transport farming tools and other equipment, also, plain rice fields allow easier management of
such materials. Though alike and different in more other ways, what matters most in both farms is the effective
production of staple food such as rice, corn, wheat and other crops.

What two subjects or items are compared and contrasted in the paragraph? Answer: Rice Terraces and Plain Rice Field
What are the similarities of these two subjects? their differences?

What transitional or signal words show such similarities and differences? Answer: Both, however, on the other hand, and while

The third example is the problem-and-solution paragraph. Problem-solution format is a method for analyzing and writing
about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions.

When writing a problem-and-solution paragraph you can do these:

1. Think of a problem and possible solution.
2. Organize your ideas in a graphic organizer.
3. Write the sentences about the idea in your organizer into a paragraph. Make sure you follow the margin and indentation
rules.
Here is a sample of problem-and-solution paragraph:

Water shortage is becoming a serious problem in the city because of the growing population. That is why, the city
government has to take concrete steps to address it. One solution is to make more water available through recycling. The
building of more desalination plants may be done but it is very expensive. Another solution that the city officials are doing
now is educating the people so they do not waste water. Meanwhile, there is also a move of the government to protect
existing water supply form being polluted. There are some more ideas to help solve the problem, but maybe, the ultimate
solution is that, everyone must become actively involved.

1. What is the problem presented? How did you know?

2. What are the solutions given?
3. What signal words or expressions introduce the solutions?

Using the paragraph you have just read (problem-solution), this time you will learn to write/ plan two to three paragraph
composition using an outline.
With the help of the outline you can make a paragraph by following the paragraph structure (beginning sentence,
middle sentences, ending sentences).

Here is an example of an outline for a problem-solution paragraph.

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Problem
A. Water shortage is becoming a serious problem in the city because of the growing population.
II. Solution
A. Make more water available through recycling.
B. City Officials are now educating the people so they do not waste water.
III. Conclusion
A. Everyone must become actively involved

This is the paragraph composition using the sample outline.

Sample Paragraph

Water shortage is becoming a serious problem in the city because of the growing population.
That is why, the city government must take concrete steps to address it.

One solution is to make more water available through recycling. The building of more
desalination plants may be done but it is very expensive. Another solution that the city officials are
doing now, is educating the people so they do not waste water. Meanwhile, there is also a move
from the government to protect existing water supply form being polluted.

There are some more ideas to help solve the problem, but maybe, the ultimate solution is that,
everyone must become actively involved.

What is the paragraph about?

What is a paragraph?
What do you observe when writing a paragraph?
What are the three parts of a good paragraph?
What are the pieces of information found in an outline, how can you compose the paragraph?
You can write a three-paragraph composition based on it by putting the major idea and supporting details together in each
paragraph.

Analyze the following graphic organizer. Answer the questions that follow.

Based on the Semantic web, who is respectful person and a God-loving person?
How do Filipinos show respects to others?
How do Filipinos show love to God?
This is the paragraph composition using the organizer.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Sample Paragraph

A Filipino is a respectful person. He calls older brother “kuya” and older sister “ate”. He kisses the hands of his
parents and grandparents. He is always using “po” and “opo”. He shows respect to parents, elders and people in
authority.
A Filipino is also a God-loving person. He believes in one God. He patterns his life the way God wants it. He loves
his neighbors. And most of all, he prays not only for himself but also for others.

What is the paragraph all about?

What is done with the first line of the paragraph?
How do the sentences begin?
How do the sentences end?

E. Engagement (Time Frame: 105 minutes)

Learning Task No. 1

Directions: Read the sentences below. Answer with Agree if the statements are correct and Disagree if incorrect. Do this in
your notebook.

1. A good paragraph has introduction, body and conclusion. __________

2. A compare-contrast text type is one in which the similarities and differences of two subjects are presented and
organized logically. _________
3. A cause and effect text explains reasons and results of the phenomena or happenings, situations and trends. __________
4. Problem-solution text begins with the presentation of a problem between individuals, among groups or an issue going on in
the world. This is followed by one or more possible solutions that are explained. __________
5. There are mechanics to follow or to observe when writing a paragraph, like indention, margin, capitalization and
punctuation marks. __________
6. We can use the information found in an outlie or graphic organizers in planning to write a paragraph composition.
__________
7. A paragraph is a group of related sentences that support one main idea. __________
8. Graphic organizers are not helpful in organizing, clarifying or simplifying complex information. __________
9. An outline is not a useful guide to help you plan or write a paragraph composition. ________

Learning Task 2

Directions: Write your own two to three-paragraph composition based on the following outline. Do this in your notebook.

Wonders of the World

I. The two wonders of the world in the Philippines

A. Banaue Rice Terraces
1. Located in Mountain Province
B. Mayon Volcano
1. Can be found in Albay

II. Banaue Rice Terraces

A. Characteristics
1. carved on the mountain sides by the natives
2. great stairways to heaven

III. Mayon Volcano

A. Characteristics
1. perfect cone shape
2. natural
B. Despite several eruptions, it remains to be majestic perfect cone-shaped volcano.
Learning Task 3
Directions: Write a two-paragraph composition using the given sentences in the graphic organizer. Do this in your
notebook

They are packed with vitamins and minerals.

They can help the body cells healthy.

They protect the body by fighting diseases.

Vegetables are Fruits are essential

important part of a Eating Healthy Diet part of a healthy
healthy diet. diet.

They are packed with vitamins and minerals.

They provide carbohydrates.

They keep the body to function smoothly.

Learning Task 4
Directions: Write paragraph showing cause and effect of “Floods”. Do this in your notebook.

Causes: heavy rains, broken dams, overflowing rivers

Effects: loss of human life, damage of property

Floods

Beginning Paragraph

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Middle Paragraph

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Ending Paragraph

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Learning Task 5
Directions: Write paragraph showing comparison and contrast about “Reading books and travelling.” Do this in your
notebook.

Opportunity
to meet
meet new people in
F
Reading books people and flesh, see Travelling
places at less U friends with
expense n your eyes,
spend more
fare.

Reading books and travelling

Beginning Paragraph
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Middle Paragraph
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Ending Paragraph
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Learning Task 6
Directions: Write paragraph showing problem solution based on this problem “John didn’t know what to do about his
English project.” Do this in your notebook.

Write possible solutions based on given problem

Beginning Paragraph

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Middle Paragraph

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Ending Paragraph

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IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Assimilation (Time frame: 2 minutes)

Types of Paragraphs:

I. Problem
A. Water shortage is becoming a serious
problem in the city because of the
growing population

II. Solution
A. To make more water available
through recycling
B. City Officials are doing now is
educating the people so they do not
waste water

III. Conclusion
A. Everyone must become actively
involved

A. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 13 minutes)

A. Directions: Write paragraph showing:

1. Cause and Effect

Reasons: stress relief, pleasure, social situations
Result: Lungs can be very badly affected (coughs, colds, wheezing and asthma are just the start)
Smoking

Beginning Paragraph

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Middle Paragraph

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ending Paragraph

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2. Comparison and Contrast
Similarities: ball games, fun
Differences: Volleyball players have to stay on their own side
Basketball players can run up and down the entire court freely

Basketball and Volleyball

Beginning Paragraph

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Middle Paragraph

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Ending Paragraph

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3. Problem Solution Relationship

Problem: no internet connection, can’t do the online classes
Solutions: using modules and other learning materials.

Internet Connection
Beginning Paragraph

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Middle Paragraph

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Ending Paragraph

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 B. Directions: Read the text below. Arrange and write the important ideas from the paragraph using the following
graphic organizers.

Old School, New School

I never thought I would be homesick for my old school, but during my first week at my new school, I kept thinking
how happy I had been there and how uneasy I was here. The trouble was, I didn’t know anybody yet. At my new
school, I felt at first that the teachers did not have time for me. Everybody seemed busy. Then I remembered the time
when I first started going to my old school. I had felt the same way----a little lost and lonely---but after a while, I made
friends. The strangeness wore off. Remembering that made me feel there was hope for my new school after all!

Problem-Solution Comparison-Contrast

S •Solution

• Problem •Solution

•Solution

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 2 minutes)

❖ Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Assimilation
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Assessment

References: Joy in Learning English 5

English DLP Quarter 1 Week 1 Day 4
English DLP Quarter 2 Week 1 Day 4
English DLP Quarter 3 Week 3 Day 5
DLP Quarter 4 Week 5 Day 1

Prepared by: RONALD T. TOLENTINO Checked by: LEONORA FE M. MALABONGA

RUBIE RICA H. AYANGCO ANICIA J. VILLARUEL
SDO Lucena City AGNES S. GARCIA
SAYRE M. DIALOLA