9

MAPEH (P.E.)
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Sports Officiating: First Aid
(Heat Exhaustion, Fracture,
and Dislocation)
MAPEH (P.E.) – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Sports Officiating: First Aid (Heat Exhaustion, Fracture, and
Dislocation)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Brian E. Ilan

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Joannes Kevin D. Puda, Rodrigo L. Mantua Jr.,
and Eduardo M. de Dios Jr.
Editor: Myrna T. Parakikay
Reviewer: Lawrence Jay S. Sedilla
Layout Artist: Marisse Eng
Management Team: Angelita S. Jalimao
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Education Program Supervisor in-charge of LRMDS

Myrna T. Parakikay
Education Program Supervisor, MAPEH

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support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

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 What I Need to Know

This module was written and designed to make learning easier especially as we are in
the New Normal situation. As an educational tool, this module about Sports
Officiating: First Aid (Heat Exhaustion, Fracture, Dislocation) challenges you as a
learner, to become creative, resourceful and independent. The scope of this module
provides a variety of activities that will stimulate independent and self - guided learning
experiences. Lessons in this module are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course to ensure effective learning continuity, make the experience more
meaningful, effective and relevant to life situations.

The module includes lessons and activities on:

● Common injuries encountered by officiating officials and athletes (heat
exhaustion, fracture, and dislocation)
● Bandaging
● Physical fitness and physical fitness tests

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify common injuries encountered by officiating officials and athletes;
2. enumerate ways on how to prevent heat exhaustion, fracture, and dislocation;
3. do physical activities and health-related physical fitness assessments (3-minute
step test, zipper test, and sit-and-reach); and
4. carry out appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations in physical
activity and sports settings.

What I Know
Multiple Choice: Read and analyze each definition carefully. Circle
the letter of the BEST answer.

1. What is defined as an injury in which the two bones come together to form a joint
becomes separated?
A. cramps B. dislocation C. sprain D. strain
2. What is a strip of material used to bind a wound or to protect an injured part of the
body called?
A. bandage B. gauze C. tape D. wire
3. What of the following is a break in the bone that occurs when more force is applied
than the bone can withstand?
A. cramps B. dislocation C. fracture D. heat exhaustion
4. Which condition is the result of the body overheating wherein symptoms may
include heavy sweating and rapid pulse?
A. cramps B. dislocation C. fracture D. heat exhaustion
5. What fold of bandage can be used for wounds on top, back of the head, chest,
back, hand, and foot, and can be used as an arm sling?
A. cravat phase B. closed phase C. open phase D. rolled
6. What is a type of fracture wherein the bone is broken, but no wound in the skin?
A. closed B. complex C. open D. stitched
7. What type of bandage can be used as an arm sling or as a pad to control bleeding?
A. elastic B. gauze C. roller D. triangular
8. What fold of bandage is used for wounds that need extra support like wounds on
the eye, forehead, and ear?
A. cravat phase B. closed phase C. open phase D. rolled

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9. What is a strip of gauze or cotton material prepared in a roll?
A. adhesive bandage C. gauze tape
B. duct tape D. roller bandage
10. What type of fracture happens when the bone breaks through the skin?
A. closed B. complex C. open D. stitched
11. What tests the flexibility of the lower extremities?
A. BMI B. long jump C. sit-and-reach D. zipper test
12. What material/equipment do you need for sit-and-reach?
A. metronome B. ruler C. tape measure D. stopwatch
13. What does the 3-minute step tests measure?
A. balance C. cardiovascular endurance
B. body composition D. strength
14. What material/equipment do you need for the 3-minute step test?
A. chalk B. ruler C. tape measure D. stopwatch
15. What measures the flexibility of the shoulder girdle?
A. BMI B. long jump C. sit-and-reach D. zipper test

Basic First Aid:

Lesson
(Heat Exhaustion, Fracture,
1
and Dislocation)
Sports officiating do not only focus on the rules and regulations, and equipment of the
sport. It does also concern the well-being of each one inside the playing area. One
circumstance that may need the attention of the sports official are accidents and injuries
especially during the game. Thus, it is important that the sports officials know what to
do when these happen.

What’s In

Activity: K-W-L Chart on First Aid

● Here are guide questions to help you in answering:

K- What do you know about our topic for today? What made you think of that?
W- What do you think you will learn about this topic from the readings in this
module?
L- What did you find especially interesting in the readings in this module?

What I Know What I Want to Know What I Have Learned

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 What’s New

1. Have you seen a bandage before? Have you

tried using it?
2. What do you think are other common injuries that can
occur during sports events?

What is It

Common injuries encountered by officiating officials and athletes

In sports officiating, it is common that the officials encounter accidents or untoward

incidents that may call for medical attention. It is important that we know common
injuries encountered during the games as we tackle sports officiating.

There are three common injuries namely: HEAT EXHAUSTION, FRACTURE, and
DISLOCATION. Likewise, it is also important as an individual to be familiar with the
different bandaging types and techniques.

HEAT EXHAUSTION is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy sweating and
a rapid pulse, a result of your body overheating. It is one of three heat-related
syndromes, with heat cramps being the mildest and heatstroke being the most severe.

Types and Signs of Exhaustion

1. Water Depletion- signs include excessive thirst,
weakness, headache, and loss of consciousness
2. Salt Depletion- signs include nausea and
vomiting, muscle cramps, and dizziness

Treatment for Heat Exhaustion

If you think you are experiencing heat exhaustion, stop what you’re doing and rest.
● Cool your body down by moving to a shady area or to an air-conditioned spot.
● Drink water or a beverage with electrolytes, like sports drink, to help you
rehydrate yourself. If possible, have someone else bring you a drink while you
rest.
● If you are wearing tight, confining clothing, loosen or remove it.
● Remove heavy clothing or accessories.
● Apply ice packs or towels soaked in cold water to your body. Placing these on
your forehead, your wrists, the back of your neck, or under your arms can be
particularly effective.
With treatment, full recovery typically occurs within a couple hours. If your symptoms
worsen or do not improve, seek medical help immediately.

Preventive Measures for Heat Exhaustion

● Drink plenty of cold drinks, especially when exercising
● Take cool baths or showers
● Wear light-colored, loose clothing
● Sprinkle water over skin or clothes
● Avoid the sun between 11am and 3pm
● Avoid drinking alcohol
● Avoid extreme exercise

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 FRACTURE is a break in the bone that occurs when more
force is applied to the bone than the bone can withstand.
This is caused by: falls, traffic accidents, or bone stress (to
which stress fractures in athletes are attributed).

Common Classification of Fracture

● Closed (simple) fracture. The bone is broken, but
there is no wound in the skin.
● Open (compound) fracture. The bone breaks through
the skin. Or the skin has a deep wound that exposes
the bone.

Signs and Symptoms of Fracture

⮚ Pain or swelling in the injured limb
⮚ Warmth, bruising, or redness in the injured area
⮚ Obvious deformity in the injured area
⮚ Difficulty using or moving the injured area in a normal manner
⮚ In the case of open fractures, where the skin is torn --bleeding
⮚ When a large bone is affected (e.g. pelvis or femur)- skin paleness, nausea,
dizziness

First aid for Fractures:

● Stop bleeding, especially in the case of open fracture where the skin is torn, by
wrapping the wound with a sterile bandage or a clean cloth.
● Avoid moving the affected area; any movement can result in serious
complications—especially in the case of neck and back fractures.
● Cool the affected area by applying an ice pack or ice cubes wrapped in a clean
cloth.
● Treat the patient's shock: help them get into a comfortable position, encourage
them to rest, and reassure them. Cover them with a blanket or clothing to keep
them warm
● Call for emergency assistance, and help the patient get to the emergency
department for examination and treatment.

Preventive Measures for Fracture:

● Eat Healthy: Keep your bones fit with a healthy diet.
● Exercise: Exercising regularly will strengthen your muscles and improve
balance, which will make you stronger and help you to avoid falls.
● Fall Proof Your Home: Keep rooms clutter free of things that you could easily
trip over.
● Take Care of Your Health: If you have health conditions that require attention,
make sure that you are taking care of yourself.

DISLOCATION- is an injury in which the two

bones come together to form a joint becomes
separated.
If you think you have a dislocated joint:
Don’t delay medical care. Get medical
help immediately
Don’t move the joint. Until you receive
help, splint the affected joint into its fixed
position. Do not try to move a dislocated
joint or force it back into place. This can
damage the joint and its surrounding
muscles, ligaments, nerves, or blood vessels.

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Put an ice pack covered in a cloth on the injured joint. This can help reduce swelling
by controlling internal bleeding and the buildup of fluids in and around the injured joint.

Preventive Measures for Dislocation

⮚ Wearing protective gear during contact sports
⮚ Staying physically active to keep the muscles and tendons around the joints strong
⮚ Maintaining a healthy weight to avoid increased pressure on the bones
⮚ Being cautious on stairs to help avoid falls

BANDAGING
BANDAGE is a strip of material used to bind a wound or
to protect an injured part of the body.

The three major types of bandages are:

1. Roller bandages: is a strip of gauze or cotton material
prepared in a roll.
2. Tubular bandages: are used to hold dressings on
fingers or toes or support injured joints.
3. Triangular bandages: is used as an arm sling or as a
pad to control bleeding

The use of bandage is necessary for:

➔ covering wounds,
➔ applying pressure controlling bleeding, or
➔ supporting a strain or sprain.

Two Phases of Bandaging

A. An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top
and back of the head, chest, back, hand, and foot, and
as arm sling.
B. A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need
extra support like wounds on the eye, forehead, ear,
cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm, leg, elbow, knee, and
palm and for a sprained ankle. The narrower the cravat
is, the greater pressure it will give.

Techniques in Bandaging

1. Keep in mind the following:

a. Always use a square knot in tying.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound, your
first aid skills, and materials at hand.
3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so tight so
as not to cut off circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles, neck and
small back, use its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently in place.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is still
comfortable and that it remains firmly secure.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips, or a bow or square knot. Ensure that the
bandages, especially the knots, do not touch the skin.

You may watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U25kRylCg04

for a comprehensive instruction on how to use the triangular bandage.

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 What’s More
Activity: Everyone’s Common Injuries

Having learned about the most common injuries in sports and having known what
bandages to apply, let us now look at the pictures below. Identify the following pictures
and give at least 3 preventive measures.

What I Have Learned

Activity: “I Learned That . . .” Complete the unfinished
statements:
1. I learned that a bandage is _____________________________________________.
2. The classification of fractures are _______________________________________.
3. The ways to prevent heat exhaustion are ________________________________.
4. The first aid treatment for dislocation is _________________________________.
5. I can be a first aider especially during sports officiating because _________
________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity 1: My First Aid Vlog!

● Create an instructional video of giving first aid to someone experiencing
heat exhaustion in a sports game setting.
● Properly apply the first aid procedure in our lesson
● Narrate what you are doing while applying the procedure of first aid for heat
exhaustion.
● The video must not exceed two (2) minutes.
● Send your instructional video and the answers to the processing questions
to your teacher thru Messenger or Google account or whatever avenue your
class uses as instructed by your teacher.

Processing Questions:
1. What is the importance of your instructional video in the present time?
2. As a student, how important is it to have first aid knowledge?
3. What have you felt after creating instructional video for heat exhaustion?

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 Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Circle the letter of
the BEST answer.
1. What is a strip of material used to bind a wound or to protect an injured part of the
body.
A. bandage B. gauze C. ointment D. tape

2. What are the two kinds of fracture?

A. complete & incomplete C. open & closed
B. compound & complex D. open & compound

3. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a fracture?

A. deformity B. nausea C. redness D. swelling

4. Which type of bandage should be used for a splinter who happen to trip and began
to bleed?
A. gauze B. roller C. triangular D. tubular

5. Which part of the body is NOT prone to dislocation?

A. elbow B. jaw C. knee D. teeth

6. A referee in an intense basketball game has to keep up with the tempo of the game.
But unfortunately he felt dizzy and passed out. What could have happened to him?
A. he suffered a dislocation C. he suffered from heat exhaustion
B. he had a fracture D. he had a sprain

7. What bandage fold can be used for wounds on top of the head?
A. one-fold cravat B. open phase C. square D. two-fold cravat

8. What type of knot is used in tying up a bandage?

A. fisherman’s knot B. open knot C. square knot D. zipper knot

9. What type of heat exhaustion happens when there is excessive thirst, weakness,
headache, and loss of consciousness?
A. age-related B. pregnancy C. salt depletion D. water depletion

10. What can you do to prevent heat exhaustion?

A. Do exercise B. Drink alcohol C. Drink water D. Sunbath

11. What should NOT be done in order to prevent injury?

A. Always run B. Eat healthy. C. Exercise D. Stretch

12. What is an open fracture?

A. if the bone is bent and split.
B. if the bone ends can be moved
C. if the bone is exposed as the skin is broken
D. if it causes complications such as a punctured lung

13. Which of the following is NOT included in giving first aid to fracture?
A. check for breathing C. looking at and feeling the injured site
B. treating for shock D. slicing the body part

14. What should be done when your arm is dislocated?

A. call for an herbalist. C. don’t move the joint.
B. delay medical care. D. panic

15. During a warm up, a player had an open fracture in his right arm due to a bad
fall. What first aid treatment must be given to this type of fracture?
A. move the injured part.
B. cover the fracture with a sterile dressing.
C. place a tight compression bandage over the fracture.
D. attempt bone reduction by manually readjusting the bone.

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 Additional Activities
Activity: Physical Fitness Test Instructions:
Perform the physical fitness tests and write down your
actual results. Refer to the tables of targets after the
template for the interpretation of scores.
PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST SCORECARD
I: Health-Related Fitness

A. Cardiovascular endurance
1. 3-minute step test

Heart Rate Per Minute

Before the Activity After the Activity

B. Flexibility
2. Zipper Test

Overlap/Gap (centimeters) Interpretation

Right
Left
3. Sit and Reach

Score (centimeters) Interpretation

First try Second try Best Score

Scoring and Interpretation Based on the Revised Physical Fitness Tests Manual

Zipper Test htt://wiseatc.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/0/6/53061415/first_aid_rubrics.pdf

Score Standard Interpretation

5 Fingers overlapped by 6cm and above Excellent

4 Fingers overlapped by 4 - 5.9cm Very good

3 Fingers overlapped by 2 - 3.9cm Good

2 Fingers overlapped by 0.1 - 1.9cm Fair

1 Just touched the fingers Needs improvement

0 Gap of 0.1 or wider Poor

Sit-and-Reach

Score Standard Interpretation

5 61 cm. and above Excellent

4 46 - 60.9 cm Very good

3 31 - 45.9 cm Good

2 16 - 30.9 cm Fair

1 0 - 15.9 cm Needs improvement