ANIMAL KINGDOM

/
3. asis
of classification
non chordates
chordates

1- 2Q/s
Basis
of Classification
Symmetry Asymmetric
Bilateral
: SPONGES

Radial
when
any organism
plane passing divides into
through central 2 identical
ranis divides halves
only
into in
organism one

two identical plane .

N EET 2019 -
Odh
halves
N EET -
2019
Coelenterates , ctenophores
Echinoderms .

Type of organisation
Diploblastic : An
undifferentiated layer ,

between external ectoderm

mesoglea present
and endoderm .
Coelenterates , ctenophores
Triploblastic : Third
layer mesoderm
Diploblastic mi pleonastic
between ectoderm and endoderm
Platyhelminths to chordates .

Coelom
.

wall and
Presence OR Absence
of Body
wall which is lined mesoderm
gut by
(coelom) : Important for basis
of classification .

Coelomates : Animals
Pseudo coelomates : Instead
havingofcoelom
mesoderm , mesoderm is 0
present in scattered pouches .
Awelomate
Awelomates : coelom Absent
RepMT 2015-

→ Segmentationdivided
on some

into
organisms :

(metamerism
body is

internally and enternally segments .

,
In Earthworm ( ANNELIDS )
Notochord mesoderm
ally Derived Rod like
structure
formed on dorsal side
embryonic .
 Non chordates
1 PORIFERA
• Known as SPONGES

Generally Marine
Asymmetrical
-

• Primitive -
cellular level of
organisation
Canal
• Have a water
system
• water enters
through minute

pores ( Ostia) in
body wall to
central
cavity (SPON GOW Ey
-

• water
goes
out
from body
through OSCULUM .

=p
water Canal
system helpful in
• :

2) food gathering
2) Respiratory exchange 3) Removal of waste
 CHOANOCYTES collar cells line
sfongoueelNEand canals
• : :
.

ET 2017
'

• DIGESTION : INTRACELLULAR

BODY SKELETON- : Made of spicules on

spongin fibres
• REPRODUCTION : Senese are not separate (hermaphrodite
:
sponges reproduce Asexually By fragmentation
sexually by formation of gametes
: .

°
.
Fertilisation Internal
:
Development Indirect with a larva
morphologically
distinct
from adult .
.

EXAMPLES
Sy con Cscypha)
: .
.

Spon gilla (fresh water sponge)

Euspongia ( Bath
sponge)

2 COELENTERATES
•
Aquatic , mostly marine ,
sessile or free -

swimming
•
Radially symmetrical:
• known as CNIDARIA Derived from cnidoblast
OR
Cnidocytes which contain
stinging capsules
nematocysts ) present on tentacles .

Cnidoblast :
are used
for
.

•
Anchorage
•
Defense .
Capture of prey .

-
• Exhibit tissue level Diploblastic -

• Have a central gastro vascular cavity with -

na
single
opening g Mouth on HYPOS TO ME .

• CORALS :
Type of cnidarians composed of
Ca
coz -
 DIGESTION : Extracellular &
Intracellular

BODY FORMS :

POLYP MEDUSA

-
sessile free
swimming
umbrella
cylindrical form shape
HYDRA AURELIA
ADAMS ZA (Jelly fish )
cnidarians both exhibit
which exist in
forms
Alternation Generation ( METAGENESIS) OBELI A
of
sexually
Medusa
Asexually Polyp
EXAMPLES : Phys ALIA (Portugese Man of )
War
ADAM SIA ( sea Anemone)
PENNA TULA ( Sea Pen)
GORGON ZA (Sea fan)
MEAN DRINA ( Brain coral)

CTE NO PHO RA
3
•
Exclusively marine
•
Radially symmetrical
•
Diploblastic organisms
• Tissue level
of organisation
bears 8 external rows of
•
Body
ciliated comb inplates , help
locomotion .

DIGESTION : Extracellular & Intracellular

REPRODUCTION sexual
:
Only by means

Fertilisation entrechat with Indirect

pleura brachia
-

Development BIOLUMINESCENCE
'

is well Marked .
EXAMPLE : PLEUR0 BRACHIA
( NO PLAN A
 4 PLATY HELM IN :
THE S

fl AT WORMS)
• Dorso
ventrally flattened body (
•
Mostly endoparasites in animals Awedornate
•
Bilaterally symmetrical Triploblastic, ,

•
organ level of organisation .

• Hooks and suckers parasitic forms

present in .

• Some parasites absorb

directly from bodyinsurface .

• flame cells specialised cells help

:

REPRODUCTION :
excretion &
osmoeeegulation
Series are not separate
Fertilisation Internal
Development through many stages
High Regeneration cqacityCPLANARS.tt#pm7-zoiy
EXAMPLES :

TAENIA Gapeworm)
FASCI OLA ( liver fluke )

ASCH ELM IN THE S

5
• Aquatic or Kuster.at ; free
living or Parasitic
Organ system level Bilateral symmetry
-

•
Trip loblastic Pseudocodemate
-

with
•
Alimentary canal Complete a well
developed muscular pharynx -
tube
•
Excretory removes
body waste through
excretory frore .

Raffi
.ie?isatiY.n?EntNerIiaeen.:tEndirL-atloif Earnt
.tt#gnmoE
EXAMPLES : AS CARIS (Roundworm) W Uch ERE
RIFF , ar , n
.

AN CYCLO S T OM A ( Hookworm) WORM)

 I

6 A N N ELIDA
• Aquatic ,
Terrestrial
free living ,
Parasitic .
i

level
•
Organ system Keech
• Bilateral symmetry
metameric
ally segmented
•
Triploblastic Coelomate
Nevis
,

little
Annelia ( Latin : annulus :
ring)
• Have
Longitudinal & circular Muscles
which help in locomotion .

•
Aquatic annelids ( NER EIS) has lateral
appendages
parapodia which help in swimming .

• closed
circulatory
system is
present .
.

• NE PURI DIA :
Help in Osmoregulation & excretion
• Neural system : consist of haired ganglia
connected lateral ventral
by nerves to Double
-

cord .

REPRODUCTION : NER EIS : Dioecious

EARTHWORMS & LEECHES : Monoecious
EXAMPLES : N ERE IS
PHE RET IM A (Earthworm)
HIRUDIN ARIA (Blood leech)
sucking
NEE T 2016
7 ARTHROPOD A
-

Ai Pmi -

2015

•
Largest phylum
• Over
3- of all named species are arthropods .

level Bilateral symmetry

•
Organ system ,
.

•
Triploblastic Segmented and coelomate
. .

•
Body is covered by chitinous exoskeleton .
 •
Body Head
consists
of
Thorax
Abdomen

• Have Jointed Appendages

•
Respiratory organs
-
Gills crustaceans
:
GRABS)
Book Gills : Limulus ( KING CRAB )
Book Arachnids (SPIDERS)
hangs :

Tracheal Insects
system
:

•
Encretory Systems By Malfvighiarv Tubules

•
circulatory System open type
•
Sensory Organs Antennae
Eyes ( simple & compound)
's ( Balancing organs)
statocyst
ooo
Reproductive System fertilisation Internal

mostly oviparous
OR Direct
Development : Indirect
EXAMPLES : ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS

Apis ( Honey bee)

Bomb
yn (silkworm)
Laccifeee ( Lac insect)

: VECTORS
Anopheles ,
Cullen and Aedes

°
. GREGARIOUS PEST : LOCUST A
°
LIVING fossil :
LIMULUS (King Crab)
.
 8 MOLLUSCA
Second
•
Largest Kingdom
• Terrestrial or Aquatic
•
Organ system level , Bilaterally symmetrical
•
Triploblastic ,
coelomate animals .

covered
Body by calcareous shell
•
: a

:
unsegmented
-

Muscular & Visceral hump

: Distinct head , foot
: A
soot & spongy layer of skin
forms a

mantle over visceral

hump .

:
space between hump and
mantle is called Mantle
cavity
like Giles
where
feather present .

Respiratory & Excretory function .

anterior head
• The
region .

Sensory tentacles .

file like
The mouth
rasping organ
: -

for feeding ( RADULA ) =p

Reproduction :
usually Dioecious
Oviparous Indirect Development
•
-
.

EXAMPLES : Pila ( Apple snail)

Pintado ( Pearl oyster)
Aplysia (sea )
hare sepia ( cuttle fish)
Dentalium
( Tusk shell)
L
oligo (squid)
Octopus (Devil fish)
Chaeto pleura ( chiton)
 9 ECHINODERM AT A Edified)
• Endoskeleton of . Calcareous ossicles
level
• All marine -

organ system organisation

•
Tnifrloblastic -
Coelomate
• Adults
Radially symmetrical
:

Bilateral
Larvae
symmetrical
:

DIGESTION :
Digestive system complete
lower ( ventral side)
: mouth on and
anus on upper ( dorsal side )
EXCRETION :
Excretory system ABSENT .

REPRODUCTION series
:
separate .

: External Fertilisation
: Indirect Development ( free swimming
larva)
-
EXAMPLES : Asturias (starfish)
Echinus ( sea urchin)
Antedon ( sea
NEE I
lily)cucumber
2019 Odb 's
Tucuman ( Serai
)
ophiura ( Brittle star)

NEE ' -2017

HE MI CHOR DATA
10
• Earlier considered as a sub -

phylum under
chordate but different twelve chordates
now a
phylum non -
.

• Have a
rudimentary structure in COLLAR
Beano
REGION called ST OMO CHORD
.

.
.
glossies
PHYLUM small like MARINE
•
of worm

level
Animals
of organisation
organ system
-

•
BODY cylindrical composed of :
: ,

Anterior Proboscis collar I

g
Circulation : OPEN TYPE of EncretionLong : Trunk Proboscis Gland .

Through
Reproduction : series separate External fertilisation Indirect
.
.

EXAM PES : B alamo gloss us , Sacco glossies Developmen

 CHORDATA
Pm
2012

• Notochord present
Coelomate
•
Bilaterally symmetrical ,

Jriploblastio level
•
organ system
,

closed
•
circulatory system .

-
Chordata

Proto chordates vertebrate

#
Uroehordata
cephalochordate
Notochord notochord entends
•

only in
from
tail larvae head to tail and is
of '

persistent throughout life

EXAMPLES : EXAMPLES :

Ascidian
Ascidian Branchiostomov

Salpa
Dolielunr
(Amphioxus OR Lancelet )
 Pme
VERTEBRATA som

CYCLO STOMATA
ECTOPARASITES FISHES
• All living Mars are ON .

• Have a
elongated body .

• 6 15 pairs of for RESPIRATION

gilland circular
slits
-
.

Have without Jaws

• a
sucking mouth .

devoid of scales and paired fins

•
Body .

• Cranium and Vertebral column : CARTILAGINOUS .

• Marine but to
migrate for freshwater spawning .

• Their larva , metamorphosis , return to ocean

after .

• circulation : closed
type
EXAMPLES :
Petromyzow
PMT 2015 ( Lamprey )
-

nine
-
my
:

( hagfish)
 CHO ND RICH TH YES
NE ET

2016

Marine animal
cartilaginous
-

endoskeleton
• Mouth located
ventrally .

•
Notochord present
Grill slits separate
throughout life .

• Gills without operculum (gill )cover

-
. Skin
tough with minute placoid
scales
.

.
Teeth are modified
placoid scales -
which are
backwardly directed .

• Animals predaceous
are .

Due to absence bladder swim

•

to avoid
of air ,
they constantly
sinking .

• Heart : 2 chambered
blooded)
•
They are
poikilothermaus ( cold
Reproduction : series separate ; Tn makes :
pelvic fins
bear claspers .

°
. Internal fertilisation
:
viviparous

EXAMPLES Scoleodon (
:
Dog fish)
Pristis ( saw
fish)
:

White shark)
:
Carcharodonfoueat
:
Trygon ( string Ray) [ has poisonous sting]
Torpedo [ have electric
organs]
:

PMT -
2014
 05TEICH TH YES
• Both marine &
freshwater fishes .

endoskeleton
•
Bony
• Mouth terminal
4 pairs
•
of gills
bills covered
by operculum .

skin covered with

ctenoid scales
cycloid)
.

• Air bladder present which

-
regulates buoyancy .

. cold blooded
• Heart 29 -
chambered ( one auricle one
-
ventricle)
•
Series separate -
Enternal Fertilisation
•
Mostly oviparous -
Direct Development
EXAMPLES o
Marine : ( flying fish)
Exo cactus
:
Hippocampus (sea horse)
Labeo ( Rohn
freshwater :
)
Cathar ( Katha)
clarions (
maguey
Aquarium : Betta (
fighting fish)
Pterofhyuum ( Angel fish)

AM PHI BIA
• can live in aquatic and terrestrial
habitat have 2pairs
of limbs
.

Mostly
: Divisble into head
.

Body:
& Trunk
Tail present in some .

• Skin is moist ( without scales)

 •
Eyes have
eyelids .

•
Tympanum represents ear .

•
Alimentary canal ,
urinary and reproductive tracts
into CLOACA
open common chamber .

•
Respiration : bills
Lungs Eauricle
, Through skin .

Heart 2 ventricle)
•

blooded
: 3 chambers
( 2 t

• cold
•
Reproduction
-
: series separate ; Enternal
fertilisation .

Indirect development
°

EXAMPLES :
Bufo (Toad) Salamandra
Rana ( (salamander)
Frog )
Hyla free frog)
Ichthyofrhis ( limbless amphibian)

REPTILIA
.

• Referee) Reptwm :
creep
•
of locomotion
crawlingterrestrial mode
•

Mostly covered
•
Body by dry &
cornified skin .

we • Have Epidermal scales

( SCUTES )
• Do not have enternal
•
Tympanum represents ear ear
openings .
.

• 2.
pairs of limbs ( )
if present
• Heart 3 chambered
: crocodile 4 chambered
:
( )
• Cold blooded
•
Reproduction : series separate ; Internal fertilisation
Direct
:
development .

Snakes and Lizards shed their scales as

skin cast .

Norrington
 EXAMPLES OF REPT ILIA : echelons ( Turtle)
Testudo ( Tortoise) Calotes (Garden lizard)
crocodiles (crocodile)
Alligator
chameleon (Tree lizard)
lizard)
Jlemidactylus (Wall
Poisonous snakes :
Naja ( cobra) vipera (viper)
Bangarms ( krait)

AVES
Presence
•
of feathers
• Possess beak .

• Forelimbs modified to
wings .

• Hindlimbs have scales

and modified for
Paro .

walking , swimming
branches
or

* clasping tree .

•
dry without
Skin
oil
glands
tail
Only .

gland present at base

of .

• Endoskeleton
fully ossified (bony) and
long been
.EE , g
are hollow ( pneumatic bones)
additional chambers CROP
Digestive tract has : '

GIZZARD
• Heart : 4 chambered ; warm blooded
•
Respiration :
By lungs ( Air . sacs supplement)
•
Reproduction : series separate ; Internal fertilisation
Oviparous Direct development
°

.
; .

EXAMPLES : Corvus (crow) struthio ( ostrich

Pavo ( Peacock)
Neofhron Columba (
Pigeon)
Psittacidae ( Parrot)
( Vulture) Afrtenodytes ( Penguin)
 MAMMALIA "

• Found in
habitats
variety of

• Most unique character .

•
Mammary glands
Skin has hair
-
.

• External ear OR Pinnae

•
Different types of
teeth present .

• Heart : 4 chambered ; Homoiothermeus

( warm blooded)

•
Respiration :

By lungs
•
Reproduction : sexes separate
Fertilisation internal
Direct development
viviparous ( with few exceptions)
EXAMPLE Oviparous :
ornithorhynchus (Platypus)
-

NEE T -
2017 PM 2015 7 -

Viviparous : -

Macrobius ( kangaroo)
: -

Pteropus ( flying fore)

: .

Eqqus ( House) : .

camelus (camel)
:
Delphinus ( Dolphin) : Macaca (
Monkey)
-
-

i -
Panthera leo ( Lion) : -

Rattus ( Rat)
: Canis
Balanoptera :
( Dog)
-
-

(Blue whale) : -
Felis ( Cat)
: -

Panthera
tigris Giger) : -

Elephas ( Elephant)
Questions with
enamples
and this table