Concept and use of

a classification
Concept and use of classification system
Thursday, 6 May 2021 5:52 PM

the
To be useful , characteristics used in taxonomy
Easilyobserved I
-

Conservative ;
-

Change little within members of the group or species;

-

Contrasting ; -

e.
g. over 20cm / less than 20cm not
,

/small
large
Mutually exclusive wings /no wings ; 4 legs 18 legs ; not often
-
-

has no wings but sometimes has 2 ; a

few /many legs .

Other characteristics
biochemistry
-

reproduction
-

distribution
-

behavior
Closely related species (difficult to distinguish )
Example : Eastern Grey Kangaroo and Western Grey kangaroo

Animals belonging to the Class Insecta all have

-

three pairs of legs ;

one pair of antennae
-

three body parts (head , thorax abdoman ) ,

.

•
Most also have wings but it is no an ideal feature because
, ,

some groups of insect don't have wings .

Other structural features

Wings number venation shape
-
-

, ,
-

Types of mouthparts sucking biting

-

, , lapping
-

Legs running jumping

-

, , grasping
-

Antennae length
-

, shape
Other classification systems
•
Cladistics -

biological classification
-

data ( DNA OR RNA )

Eukaryotic organism
-

contain chromosomes Imade up of

→_ string of genes )

µ #µ
-

cells have a nucleus enclosed within

Nucleus a nuclear
envelope
-

contain membrane bound nucleus

-

contain membrane bound cell

More complicated organelles ( g. mitochondria lysosomes
e.
, ,

Golgi apparatus chloroplasts ( found in plants

,

and
algae )
Animals plants fungi and protists all
-

are
, , ,

eukaryotes
 prokaryotic organism organisms that consist of a single
• -

prokaryotic cell
size is 0.1 to 5µm in diameter

✗
-

*÷¥÷:::÷÷::::::::
Less complicated
-
nucleoid

smaller than

nucleus
that floats

eukaryotic
in the cells 's

cells
.

do not contain membrane-bound

organelles
-

bacteria ,
arch ea and
, cyanobacteria
are all prokaryotes
•
The DNA made up of sequences bases (AA /proteins )
 Classification of Plant
family level
' '
•

( t -

Leaf structure shape glands

-

Arrangement of leaves opposite alternate

- -

or
-

Flower type -

umbel, Spike raceme

,

Ovary position superior inferior

-
-

,
-

Floral parts number arrangements

-

,
-

Fruit or nut -

type shape
,
Classifying Organisms in a kingdom
•

Grouping system
•

Organisms that have many characteristics in common

-

species
•

Species that have many characteristics in common -

genus
•
Genus that has common features family
-
The classification Ladder

Largest number of
organisms
ÉoÉÉ I
E. £%É
Smallest number of
organisms the
-
animal is
named
Example -

Human
Animals organisms able to move their
1) on
-

own

backbone
2) Chordates Animals with a
-

3) Mammals -

chordates with fur or hair and

milk glands

4) Primates -

Mammals with collar bones and

grasping fingers
5) Hominids -

Primates with relatively flat faces

and three dimensional vision
-

6) Homo Hominids with upright posture

-

and
large brains
7) Homo Sapiens Members of the Homo
genus
-
-

with a
high Hore head
-

and thin
skull bones
Example Dog
-

1) Animalia -

Dogs are in this because they are

animal and not plants or bacteria

2) Chordata Dogs are

-

in this phylum includes

because they have a spinal cord

3)Mammalia Dogs -

this class because they

are in
make milk have ears and hair
,

4) Carnivora Dogs are

-

in this order because

they eat meat as their main food

5) Canidae Animals in this

family include dogs
-

wolves , Coyotes and foxes

6) Canis This-

includes animals like dogs ,

wolves and coyotes but not foxes

,

7) Canis familiaris -

Scientific name
for a dog